RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) comprise a range of clinical-pathological alterations that are frequently characterized as architectural and cytological derangements upon histological analysis. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been proposed as a critical mechanism for the acquisition of the malignant phenotype in neoplastic epithelial processes. This study aims to systematically review the current findings on the immunohistochemical expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers in oral potentially malignant disorders and to evaluate their possible application as biomarkers associated with the progression of oral epithelial dysplasias. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A systematic search was performed in the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Chinese BioMedical Literature Database, and Cochrane Library. Articles that evaluated the relationship between the expression of EMT markers and the degree of oral epithelial dysplasia were selected for the systematic review. The quality of each eligible study was evaluated by independent reviewers that used operationalized prognostic biomarker reporting guidelines (REMARK). RESULTS: Seventeen articles met all inclusion criteria and were selected. The EMT markers analyzed exhibited an important association with the prognosis of the cases evaluated. The results showed a progressive increase in the expression of nuclear transcription factors and markers of mesenchymal differentiation, as well as negative regulation of epithelial and cell adhesion markers, according to the stage of oral epithelial dysplasia. CONCLUSIONS: The dysregulation of expression of important EMT components in oral dysplastic epithelium is a potential prognostic marker in OPMDs.
Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores de Tumor , Transición Epitelial-Mesenquimal , Biomarcadores , PronósticoRESUMEN
Inflammatory processes and cardiovascular autonomic imbalance are very relevant characteristic of the enormous dynamic process that is a myocardial infarction (MI). In this sense, some studies are investigating pharmacological therapies using acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, such as pyridostigmine bromide (PYR), aiming to increase parasympathetic tone after MI. Here we hypothesized that the use of PYR before the MI might bring an additional positive effect to the autonomic function, and consequently, in the inflammatory response and cardiac function. The present study aimed to evaluate left ventricular function, baroreflex sensitivity, autonomic modulation, and inflammatory profile in PYR-treated rats previously to MI. METHODS: Male Wistar rats (250-300 g) were treated for 60 days with PYR. After treatment, they were submitted to the MI. After the MI, the autonomic and ventricular function were evaluated, as well as the systemic, left ventricle, and adipose tissue inflammatory profile. RESULTS: PYR, performed before MI, prevented HR increase, systolic function impairment, baroreflex sensitivity drop, as well as pulse interval variance, RMSSD, blood pressure and parasympathetic modulation reduction in treated rats compared to untreated rats. Also, this positive functional changes may have been a result of the reduced inflammatory parameters in the left ventricle (IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-1ß), as well as increased IL-10 expression and IL-10/TNF-α ratio in treated animals before MI. CONCLUSION: Prior treatment with PYR prevents impairment of the autonomic nervous system after MI, which may be associated with the attenuated expression of inflammatory factors and heart dysfunction.
Asunto(s)
Sistema Nervioso Autónomo/efectos de los fármacos , Inhibidores de la Colinesterasa/administración & dosificación , Infarto del Miocardio/prevención & control , Bromuro de Piridostigmina/administración & dosificación , Función Ventricular Izquierda/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Sistema Nervioso Autónomo/fisiopatología , Presión Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Inhibidores de la Colinesterasa/farmacología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Interferón gamma/metabolismo , Interleucina-10/metabolismo , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Masculino , Infarto del Miocardio/inmunología , Infarto del Miocardio/fisiopatología , Bromuro de Piridostigmina/farmacología , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
Periodontal disease is characterized as a disorder of the oral microbiota resulting in an immune response which, in turn, leads to the destruction of periodontal tissue. Matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) has been reported as the major metalloproteinase involved in periodontal disease, being present at high levels in gingival crevicular fluid and salivary fluid (SF). The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the scientific literature regarding the expression of MMP-8 in gingival crevicular fluid and SF in patients with periodontal disease, analyzing its validity as a possible biomarker in the diagnosis of periodontal disease. A systematic review of the literature was performed using the PubMed/Medline, CENTRAL and Science Direct databases. Studies concerning the use of MMP-8 in the diagnosis of periodontal disease that evaluated its effectiveness as a biomarker for periodontal disease were selected. The search strategy provided a total of 6483 studies. After selection, six articles met all the inclusion criteria and were included in the present systematic review. The studies demonstrated significantly higher concentrations of MMP-8 in patients with periodontal disease compared with controls, as well as in patients presenting more advanced stages of periodontal disease. The findings on higher MMP-8 concentrations in patients with periodontal disease compared with controls imply the potential adjunctive use of MMP-8 in the diagnosis of periodontal disease.
Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores , Metaloproteinasa 8 de la Matriz/análisis , Metaloproteinasa 8 de la Matriz/metabolismo , Enfermedades Periodontales/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Periodontales/inmunología , Factores de Edad , Bases de Datos Factuales , Índice de Placa Dental , Líquido del Surco Gingival/inmunología , Gingivitis/diagnóstico , Gingivitis/inmunología , Humanos , Pérdida de la Inserción Periodontal , Índice Periodontal , Bolsa Periodontal , Periodontitis/diagnóstico , Periodontitis/inmunología , Saliva/inmunología , Factores SexualesRESUMEN
We evaluated the effects of aerobic and resistance exercise training on ventricular morphometry and function, physical capacity, autonomic function, as well as on ventricular inflammatory status in trained rats prior to myocardial infarction. Male Wistar rats were divided into the following groups: sedentary+Sham, sedentary+myocardial infarction, aerobic trained+myocardial infarction, and resistance trained+myocardial infarction. Sham and myocardial infarction were performed after training periods. In the days following the surgeries, evaluations were performed. Aerobic training prevents aerobic (to a greater extent) and resistance capacity impairments, ventricular dysfunction, baroreflex sensitivity and autonomic disorders (vagal tonus decrease and sympathetic tonus increase) triggered by myocardial infarction. Resistance training was able to prevent negative changes to aerobic and resistance capacity (to a greater extent) but not to ventricular dysfunction, and it prevented cardiovascular sympathetic increments. Additionally, both types of training reduced left ventricle inflammatory cytokine concentration. Our results suggest that aerobic and, for the first time, dynamic resistance training were able to reduce sympathetic tonus to the heart and vessels, as well as preventing the increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations in the left ventricle of trained groups. These data emphasizes the positive effects of aerobic and dynamic resistance training on the prevention of the negative changes triggered by myocardial infarction.
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Terapia por Ejercicio/métodos , Infarto del Miocardio/terapia , Condicionamiento Físico Animal/métodos , Entrenamiento de Fuerza , Animales , Barorreflejo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Corazón/fisiopatología , Ventrículos Cardíacos/fisiopatología , Hemodinámica , Masculino , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
CdSnO(3) ilmenite and perovskite crystals were investigated using both the local density and generalized gradient approximations, LDA and GGA, respectively, of the density functional theory (DFT). The electronic band structures, densities of states, dielectric functions, optical absorption and reflectivity spectra related to electronic transitions were obtained, as well as the infrared absorption spectra after computing the vibrational modes of the crystals at q = 0. Dielectric optical permittivities and polarizabilities at ω = 0 and ∞ were also calculated. The results show that GGA-optimized geometries are more accurate than LDA ones, and the Kohn-Sham band structures obtained for the CdSnO(3) polymorphs confirm that ilmenite has an indirect band gap, while perovskite has a direct band gap, both being semiconductors. Effective masses for both crystals are obtained for the first time, being highly isotropic for electrons and anisotropic for holes. The optical properties reveal a very small degree of anisotropy of both crystals with respect to different polarization planes of incident light. The phonon calculation at q = 0 for perovskite CdSnO(3) does not show any imaginary frequencies, in contrast to a previous report suggesting the existence of a more stable crystal of perovskite CdSnO(3) with ferroelectric properties.
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Compuestos de Cadmio/química , Compuestos de Calcio/química , Electrones , Hierro/química , Fenómenos Ópticos , Óxidos/química , Teoría Cuántica , Compuestos de Estaño/química , Titanio/química , Absorción , Impedancia Eléctrica , Modelos Moleculares , Conformación Molecular , Espectrofotometría InfrarrojaRESUMEN
Two hundred tons of the plankton feeding sardine Cetengraulis edentulus died in March 1982, in Carenero (10 degrees 10' N, 66 degrees 05' W), Venezuela. A fraction was extracted from this fish that was toxic to mice by i.p. injection. The animals died in less than 4 min and showed generalized flaccid paralysis. Gel filtration on Sephadex G15 and Bio Gel P2 showed that the toxicity is related to a fraction that blocks the release of acetylcholine in frog (Rana pipiens) neuromuscular junctions. This toxin is similar in chemical properties and presynaptic effect to fraction beta isolated from the sponge T. ignis by Sevcik and Barboza. Fractions of the same biological action and chemical properties were isolated from plankton samples collected in the area of the ichthyotoxism. The correlation analysis between the presence of toxin and a plankton species in a sample, was carried out with a feasibility index (as %) defined by Sevcik and Mijares. Random samples of plankton (29) were collected in 3 locations (11 degrees 50' N, 68 degrees 15' W; 10 degrees 36' 24'' N, 67 degrees 14'7'' W and 10 degrees 21' N, 64 degrees 21' W). The correlation carried out over 167 species of phytoplankton present in the samples indicates that the species most likely to be responsible for the production of the fraction beta, in order of feasibility index (in parentheses) are: Ceratium furca (54%), Protoperidinium sp. (1.7%) and Protoperidinium pallidum (1.6%). In some samples a fraction similar to fraction alpha from T. ignis was also found. The identification of the phytoplankton responsible for this fraction is, however, less conclusive. The feasibility indexes are: Protoperidinium sp. (58%), Ceratium inflatum (30%), Podolampas sp. (23%), Ornithocercus steini (21%). The genus Ceratium was the second most abundant in Carenero at the time of the fish death. These results suggest that the toxins isolated from C. edentulus and T. ignis have a planktonic origin.
Asunto(s)
Dinoflagelados/metabolismo , Enfermedades de los Peces/inducido químicamente , Toxinas Marinas/envenenamiento , Parálisis/inducido químicamente , Poríferos/metabolismo , Animales , Cromatografía por Intercambio Iónico , Enfermedades de los Peces/fisiopatología , Toxinas Marinas/análisis , Toxinas Marinas/toxicidad , Potenciales de la Membrana/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Microelectrodos , Peso Molecular , Contracción Muscular/efectos de los fármacos , Unión Neuromuscular/efectos de los fármacos , Zooplancton/metabolismoRESUMEN
Two fractions from the sponge Tedania ignis which have presynaptic effects were isolated. In neuromuscular junctions of Rana pipiens, the crude fraction decreases the amplitude of the evoked endplate potential and increases the frequency of miniature endplate potentials (MEPP), without effects on their amplitude or shape. Elution with 1 M acetic acid through Sephadex G15 produces three peaks, only one of which contains the biological activity. The compounds in this peak possess a molecular weight close to 900. Elution with 1M acetic acid through BioGel P2 produces 9 peaks, only 2 of which are biologically active. One of these fractions (f alpha) increases the frequency of MEPP and another fraction (f beta) inhibits the evoked release of neurotransmitter. None of the fractions change the amplitude or shape of MEPP, nor do they modify the resting membrane or action potentials in frog muscle. The action of f alpha occurs in low (15 microM) Ca2+, while the effect of f beta is antagonized by raising the extracellular Ca2+ concentration above 1.8 MM. Fraction beta antagonizes the increase of acetylcholine release produced by the venom of the black widow spider Latrodectus mactans mactans. This antagonistic action of f beta is reversible and the effect of the spider venom reappears if the sponge toxin is washed out with normal Ringer's solution.