RESUMEN
Rotaviruses are members of the family Reoviridae and are a common cause of acute diarrhea in many mammalian and avian species. They are non-enveloped icosahedral particles and their genome comprises 11 segments of double-stranded RNA, which encodes six structural proteins (VP1-4, VP6-7) and six nonstructural proteins (NSP1-6). Genotypes are defined based upon the diversity found in these genes and viral characterization plays a central role on epidemiological studies and prevention. Here we investigate the distribution of Brazilian RVAs genotypes in 8 chicken samples collected between 2008 and 2015 from different regions by RT-PCR, partial (Sanger) nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis from all rotavirus genes. Although the identified genotypes were typical from avian host species, when analyzed together, they form novel genetic constellations: G19-P[31]-I11-R6-C6-M7-A16-N6-T8-E10-H8 and G19-P[31]-I4-R4-C4-M4-A16-N4-T4-E4-H4. This study highlights that avian rotaviruses are widespread among commercial farms in Brazil, and the co-circulation of at least two different genomic constellations indicates that may present a way bigger genetic variability, that can be increased by the possible transmission events from other birds, lack of specific preventive measures, as well as the different viral evolution mechanisms.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de las Aves/virología , Genoma Viral , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/virología , Infecciones por Rotavirus/veterinaria , Rotavirus/genética , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Brasil , Pollos , Variación Genética , Genotipo , Filogenia , ARN Viral/genética , Rotavirus/clasificación , Rotavirus/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Rotavirus/virologíaRESUMEN
Coronaviruses are single-stranded positive-sense RNA viruses associated with important avian diseases. Their relatively high rates of mutation and recombination frequencies allow them to adapt to new hosts and ecological niches. Although Brazil has 18% of global avian species diversity, studies regarding the presence of avian viral diseases in wild birds in South America are scarce. In this study, we performed a retrospective analysis of the presence of CoVs in 746 wild birds. Oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs were obtained and placed together in vials containing VTM transport medium collected in different regions of Brazil between 2006 and 2013. Screening for viral nucleic acid was performed using conventional RT-PCR and pancoronavirus nested PCR. Positive samples were characterized by partial sequencing of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene, and ensuing phylogenetic analysis was performed to investigate the association between virus epidemiology and bird migration routes. Coronavirus RNA were detected and sequenced from six samples, in which three were related to gammacoronaviruses group and the other three to deltacoronavirus group. Our study documents the presence of CoVs related to avian gamma- and deltacoronaviruses circulating in both urban- and poultry-farm regions of Brazil, implicating wild birds as potential carriers of CoVs which may represent a risk to poultry farms and public health in Brazil.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de las Aves/epidemiología , Aves/virología , Infecciones por Coronavirus/epidemiología , Coronavirus/aislamiento & purificación , Reservorios de Enfermedades/virología , Gammacoronavirus/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Animales Salvajes/virología , Secuencia de Bases , Enfermedades de las Aves/virología , Brasil/epidemiología , Coronavirus/genética , Gammacoronavirus/genética , Filogenia , ARN Viral/genética , ARN Polimerasa Dependiente del ARN/genética , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
Yellow fever virus RNA is usually detected in blood of infected humans. We detected virus RNA in urine and semen samples from a convalescent patient. A complete virus genome was sequenced for an isolate from a urine sample. This virus had a South American I genotype and unique synapomorphic changes
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Semen , Virus de la Fiebre Amarilla , Brasil , ARN/orinaRESUMEN
Yellow fever virus RNA is usually detected in blood of infected humans. We detected virus RNA in urine and semen samples from a convalescent patient. A complete virus genome was sequenced for an isolate from a urine sample. This virus had a South American I genotype and unique synapomorphic changes.
Asunto(s)
Semen/virología , Fiebre Amarilla/epidemiología , Virus de la Fiebre Amarilla , Anciano , Brasil/epidemiología , Humanos , Masculino , ARN Viral/análisis , ARN Viral/orina , Semen/química , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Fiebre Amarilla/orina , Virus de la Fiebre Amarilla/genéticaRESUMEN
Yellow fever virus RNA is usually detected in blood of infected humans. We detected virus RNA in urine and semen samples from a convalescent patient. A complete virus genome was sequenced for an isolate from a urine sample. This virus had a South American I genotype and unique synapomorphic changes.