RESUMEN
Antioxidant supplementation has been suggested to prevent exercise-induced muscle injury, but the findings are inconsistent. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential protective role of vitamin E treatment against eccentric exercise-induced muscle injury by examining morphological and functional alterations in rat soleus muscle after downhill running as well as muscle injury markers in the blood. Sixty adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to vitamin E-treated or placebo-treated groups studied at rest, immediately post-exercise or 48 h post-exercise (n = 10 per group). Vitamin E was administered by daily intraperitoneal injections of 100 mg/kg body mass of DL: -α-tocopheryl acetate for five consecutive days prior to exercise, resulting in the doubling of its plasma concentration. Downhill running resulted in significant (P < 0.05) changes in all injury markers for the placebo-treated rats at 0 and 48 h post-exercise. However, significantly smaller soleus muscle single-twitch tension (P (t)) and unfused (40 Hz) tetanic force, and greater plasma creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LD) activities compared with the control were found only immediately post-exercise for the vitamin E-treated rats (P < 0.05). Maximal tetanic force (P (o)) did not decline significantly compared to sedentary controls at neither time points measured. The vitamin E-treated rats had significantly (P < 0.05) higher soleus muscle P (t) immediately post-exercise than the placebo-treated rats as well as lower plasma CK and LD activity 48 h post-exercise. However, there was no difference in P (o) decline between groups at either time points measured. Vitamin E-treated rats had less pronounced morphological alterations in muscle in the immediate and 48-h post-exercise period. In conclusion, the effect of short-term vitamin E supplementation against eccentric exercise-induced muscle injury did not appear to be physiologically significant, because vitamin E failed to prevent the decline in the functional measure of P (o) compared to the placebo conditions.
Asunto(s)
Suplementos Dietéticos , Músculo Esquelético/efectos de los fármacos , Músculo Esquelético/lesiones , Carrera/lesiones , Vitamina E/farmacología , Animales , Antioxidantes/administración & dosificación , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Esquema de Medicación , Masculino , Enfermedades Musculares/dietoterapia , Enfermedades Musculares/etiología , Postura/fisiología , Distribución Aleatoria , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Carrera/fisiología , Factores de Tiempo , Vitamina E/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is an uncommon mesenchymal neoplasm showing nerve sheath differentiation, usually arising in large nerves of the trunk and extremities. Primary location in the parotid gland is rare. We describe fine needle aspiration (FNA) findings in a case of MPNST in the parotid gland. Differential diagnostic problems encountered in interpretation are discussed. CASE: A 39-year-old man underwent FNA of a well-circumscribed, painless, mobile mass of the parotid gland. Smears were cellular, with clusters of tightly packed spindle or oval cells arranged in a storiform or whorled pattern, showing clearly malignant features. Elongated nuclei with tapered ends and many angulated nuclei were encountered. The background contained abundant necrotic material with dispersed malignant nuclei. Neoplastic cells were positive for vimentin and weakly positive for S-100 and negative for cytokeratins 8 and 18 and HMB-45. Cytologic diagnosis was positive for malignant cells consistent with a spindle cell sarcoma, with morphologic features compatible to neural differentiation, confirmed by histologic examination. CONCLUSION: This case illustrates that attention to moiphologic criteria suggestive of nerve sheath phenotype supported by immunocytochemical data is extremely helpful and reliable in the diagnostic approach to MPNSTs, even in rare locations.
Asunto(s)
Biopsia con Aguja Fina , Neoplasias de la Vaina del Nervio/patología , Neoplasias de la Parótida/patología , Adulto , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of allopurinol, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, on oxidative stress and physical performance after swimming until exhaustion in rats. Blood and gastrocnemius muscle samples were collected before, immediately after, and 5 h after exercise and the respective timepoints after allopurinol administration. Xanthine oxidase and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were determined in plasma and muscle, whereas catalase activity and reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione were measured in erythrocytes and muscle. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and protein carbonyls (PC) were determined in plasma, erythrocytes, and muscle. As expected, allopurinol inhibited xanthine oxidase activity. Compared with their nonallopurinol-treated counterparts, rats treated with allopurinol showed a 35% decrease in physical performance, as indicated by the shorter swimming time to exhaustion. Exercise alone increased PC and TBARS concentration in plasma, erythrocytes, and gastrocnemius muscle. Similarly, allopurinol alone increased PC and TBARS concentration in erythrocytes and gastrocnemius muscle, decreased TAC in plasma and gastrocnemius muscle, and decreased the GSH:GSSG ratio in erythrocytes. Our data illustrate that, in general, exercise and allopurinol alone increased the levels of most of the oxidative stress markers measured in plasma, erythrocytes, and gastrocnemius muscle. Xanthine oxidase inhibition provoked a marked reduction in physical performance.
Asunto(s)
Alopurinol/administración & dosificación , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/administración & dosificación , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Resistencia Física/fisiología , Natación/fisiología , Xantina Oxidasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Análisis de Varianza , Animales , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Biomarcadores/sangre , Eritrocitos/metabolismo , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Carbonilación Proteica/fisiología , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Sustancias Reactivas al Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismo , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Intracranial chondromas are benign tumors that represent approximately 0.5% of all intracranial tumors. They usually occur at the base of the skull but on rare occasions might present as intra-parenchymal or intra-ventricular space-occupying lesions, most likely originating from heterotopic chondrocytes or metaplastic fibroblasts of the falx, the convexity dura, or the ventricular ependyma. Chondromas are slow-growing tumors, which remain clinically silent for a prolonged period of time in the majority of cases. Their clinical presentation is non-specific and their radiographic appearance usually does not differentiate them from their more common counterparts, such as meningiomas and glial tumors. As a result, their diagnosis has remained a histopathologic one. In our current study, we present a case of a falcine intracranial chondroma. This case provided the opportunity to extensively review the pertinent literature.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Encefálicas/patología , Condroma/patología , Adulto , Neoplasias Encefálicas/cirugía , Condroma/cirugía , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
Ectopic pancreas is defined as pancreatic tissue found outside the usual anatomic location of the pancreas. It is often an incidental finding and can be found at different sites in the gastrointestinal tract. It may become clinically evident when complicated by pathologic changes such as inflammation, bleeding, obstruction, and malignant transformation. In this report, a 40 years old woman with epigastric pain due to ectopic pancreatic tissue in the stomach is described. The difficulty of making an accurate diagnosis is highlighted. The patient has remained free of symptoms since she underwent wedge resection of the lesion three years ago. Frozen sections may help in deciding the extent of resection intraoperatively. Although ectopic pancreas is rare, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a submucosal gastric tumour.
Asunto(s)
Coristoma/diagnóstico , Páncreas , Gastropatías/diagnóstico , Adulto , Femenino , HumanosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: In view of the possible implication of various environmental factors in the pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), the role of appendectomy in patients with PBC and other chronic liver diseases from Central Greece was investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The medical files of 68 patients with PBC and gender- and age-matched controls with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (n=65) and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (n=67) were reviewed for the history and time of appendectomy. RESULTS: Nineteen of 68 (27.9%) PBC patients, 32 of 65 (49.2%) patients with chronic HCV infection and 22 of 67 (32.8%) patients with chronic HBV infection had a history of appendectomy. There was a significant higher frequency of appendectomy in patients with chronic hepatitis C (p = 0.012, chi(2) test) compared to patients with PBC. There were no significant differences in the clinical and histological characteristics of PBC patients with or without a history of appendectomy. CONCLUSION: In this case-control study we were unable to provide evidence of an association between primary biliary cirrhosis and the occurrence of appendectomy.
Asunto(s)
Apendicectomía/efectos adversos , Cirrosis Hepática Biliar/epidemiología , Anciano , Femenino , Grecia/epidemiología , Humanos , Cirrosis Hepática Biliar/patología , Hepatopatías/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
Accumulating data about the impact of hTERT in astrocytic tumor carcinogenesis and recent evidence about its association with disease outcome prompt the evaluation of this molecule with methods applicable in routine pathology practice. In this study, we investigated hTERT protein expression with immunohistochemistry (IHC) and the NCL-hTERT antibody in 49 astrocytic tumors. Results were validated with the assessment of hTERT mRNA (relative quantification, identification of splice variants, in situ hybridization). Specific nuclear hTERT immunostaining patterns (IPs) were characterized as patterns As (single large dot) and Am (multiple dots) without nucleoplasm staining and pattern B (nucleoplasm staining with or without dots), corresponding to low and high relative hTERT expression values (P<0.0001). Low- and high-grade astrocytic tumors were found positive for hTERT in 74 and 85% of cases, respectively. Heterogeneity in the distribution of hTERT-positive cells was observed in all tumors. The prevailing nuclear IPs differed significantly between pilocytic astrocytomas (pattern As) and the rest of histologic types up to glioblastoma (patterns Am and B) (P<0.0001). The described nuclear IPs were also observed in non-neoplastic cells. Positive endothelial cells were found in astrocytic tumors of all grades, even when tumor cells showed no hTERT immunoreactivity. A subset of mature normal neurons was positive for hTERT (pattern As), suggesting a role for this molecule in neuronal maintenance in the adult brain. The nuclear hTERT IPs described here may reflect the functional status of non-neoplastic brain and neoplastic astrocytic cells and support the model of a continuum in the development of glioblastomas from diffuse fibrillary astrocytomas.
Asunto(s)
Astrocitos/metabolismo , Astrocitoma/metabolismo , Química Encefálica/fisiología , Neoplasias Encefálicas/metabolismo , Telomerasa/genética , Telomerasa/metabolismo , Adulto , Anciano , Astrocitos/patología , Astrocitoma/patología , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patología , Niño , Células Endoteliales/patología , Femenino , Fijadores , Formaldehído , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Hibridación in Situ , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adhesión en Parafina , ARN Mensajero/biosíntesis , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Neoplásico/biosíntesis , ARN Neoplásico/genética , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa InversaRESUMEN
We investigated mismatch repair (MMR) gene expression in 31 lymphoid tissue specimens and bone marrow aspirates with malignant lymphoproliferative disorders of B-cell origin (25 cases of lymphoma and six cases of plasma cell myeloma). A multiplex RT-PCR assay was employed to assess the relative expression of the hMSH2, hMLH1 and hPMS1 genes, as compared to beta-actin, which was used as an internal control of gene expression. MSH2 was further evaluated at the protein level by immunohistochemistry. The findings were compared to those of a control group of lymphoid tissue specimens without evidence of malignancy (n = 6). Changes in MMR gene expression were observed in 10 out of 31 cases of the study group (32%). All three MMR gene transcripts were low in two out of six plasma cell myelomas, which had extensive bone marrow infiltration by neoplastic cells. The hMSH2 transcript was present in all cases of lymphoma, while the expression of hMLH1 and hPMS1 was significantly low in some large B-cell lymphomas (four and five out of 14 cases, respectively) and in mantle cell lymphomas of the blastoid type (two out of two cases). No MMR gene aberrations were found in seven cases of B-cell lymphocytic leukemia and two cases of mantle cell lymphoma of centrocyte-like type. These findings demonstrate that the expression rates of the hMSH2, hMLH1 and hPMS1 genes differ among various types of B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders, and suggest that MMR gene expression may be related to the natural history of these neoplasms. This study identified a higher incidence of MMR gene aberrations in lymphoma types characterized by aggressive biologic behavior, as compared to neoplasms with a more indolent course.