RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: The prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), cigarette smoking and alcohol abuse was compared between two histological subgroups of head and neck cancer. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review. METHODS: Paraffin-embedded, histologically confirmed surgical specimens from the oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx, comprising 67 conventional squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and 10 basaloid squamous cell carcinomas (BSCC), were analyzed for the presence of HPV and HSV DNA using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. The PCR products were verified by direct sequencing. Patient charts were reviewed for clinical data and risk factors. RESULTS: Given an overall HPV DNA detection rate of 32.5%, a basaloid morphology of the carcinomas correlated significantly with occurrence of HPV DNA (P =.0001). An association could also be demonstrated between basaloid appearance and evidence of HSV DNA (single and combined with HPV DNA; P =.014 and 0.0429, respectively), even if this result based on a low overall HSV DNA detection rate (6.5%). Demonstration of viral DNA in the BSCC specimens was not related to tobacco or alcohol consumption. In contrast, cigarette smoking proved as significant characteristic of SCC (P =.0087). Alcohol abuse occurred also predominately in patients with SCC, but without statistical significance. CONCLUSION: These results hint at differences in the etiology of two distinct histological entities of head and neck cancer. Further research in this field could complete these preliminary data and provide the background for specific preventive strategies.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma Basocelular/inducido químicamente , Carcinoma Basocelular/virología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/inducido químicamente , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/virología , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/inducido químicamente , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/virología , Adulto , Anciano , Alcoholismo/complicaciones , ADN Viral/análisis , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Papillomaviridae/aislamiento & purificación , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Simplexvirus/aislamiento & purificación , Fumar/efectos adversosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: At present, the differences between head and neck basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) and nonbasaloid squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are mostly on the basis of histologic and immunohistologic findings. METHODS: In this study, we investigated 8 BSCCs and 59 SCCs for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at chromosomes 5q, 9p, 9q, 10q, 11q, 13p, 17p, and 18q. In addition, we analyzed p16, PTEN, and CCND1 (cyclin D1) and investigated the HPV status. Immunohistochemically, the expression of MIB-1, p16, p53, and cyclin D1 was determined. RESULTS: Aberrations in the BSCCs were especially frequent at 9p and in the CCND1 gene. In contrast, alterations at 10q occurred almost exclusively in conventional SCCs. Obvious differences could be determined concerning the HPV status: HPV-DNA was detected in all BSCCs but only in 17% of conventional SCCs. CONCLUSIONS: Although the number of investigated BSCCs is rather low and did not allow statistical conclusions, our results focus on certain differences between the molecular pathogenesis of BSCCs and SCCs.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Ciclina D1/metabolismo , Genes cdc/fisiología , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/genética , Pérdida de Heterocigocidad , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/virología , Inhibidor p16 de la Quinasa Dependiente de Ciclina/metabolismo , ADN Viral/análisis , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/virología , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Neoplasias Laríngeas/genética , Repeticiones de Microsatélite , Fosfohidrolasa PTEN , Papillomaviridae/genética , Monoéster Fosfórico Hidrolasas/metabolismo , Proteínas Supresoras de Tumor/metabolismoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: MIB-1 and p53 protein expression, loss of heterozygosity (LOH), microsatellite instability (MSI) of di- and mononucleotide repeats, and HPV status were tested for their potential to characterize different stages of epithelial hyperplastic laryngeal lesions (EHLL). METHODS: Thirty-two EHLL were reclassified according to the Ljubljana classification into simple (SH), abnormal (AbH), atypical hyperplasia (AtH) and carcinoma in situ, and investigated by immunohistochemical methods, PCR and direct sequencing analysis. RESULTS: MIB-1 increased with progressive grades of EHLL, whereas p53 protein expression was distinctive only between SH and AbH. LOH showed increasing frequency with grades of the lesions, but the distribution of altered loci (9p, 9q, 10q, 11q, 17p) was not qualified to differentiate between the stages. MSI was detected in SH, AbH and AtH without clear correlation to histopathological grading. HPV infection occurred mostly in SH and AbH (both: 66.7%). CONCLUSION: MIB-1 labeling and allelic loss could assist histopathological diagnosis in the entire spectrum of EHLL, whereas the MSI results point to a genetic instability of the laryngeal mucosa in general and are therefore not helpful in the distinction of different stages of EHLL. However, future molecular genetic analyses should consider more late events of laryngeal carcinogenesis to improve their diagnostic potential. Furthermore, our results indicate that nonrisky and risky EHLL could probably be caused by different exogenous factors.