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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor with extremely high mortality. The tumor microenvironment is the "soil" of its occurrence and development, and the inflammatory microenvironment is an important part of the "soil". Bile acid is closely related to the occurrence of HCC. Bile acid metabolism disorder is not only directly involved in the occurrence and development of HCC but also affects the inflammatory microenvironment of HCC. Yinchenhao decoction, a traditional Chinese medicine formula, can regulate bile acid metabolism and may affect the inflammatory microenvironment of HCC. To determine the effect of Yinchenhao decoction on bile acid metabolism in mice with HCC and to explore the possible mechanism by which Yinchenhao decoction improves the inflammatory microenvironment of HCC by regulating bile acid metabolism, we established mice model of orthotopic transplantation of hepatocellular carcinoma. These mice were treated with three doses of Yinchenhao decoction, then liver samples were collected and tested. Yinchenhao decoction can regulate the disorder of bile acid metabolism in liver cancer mice. Besides, it can improve inflammatory reactions, reduce hepatocyte degeneration and necrosis, and even reduce liver weight and the liver index. Taurochenodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, and taurohyodeoxycholic acid are important molecules in the regulation of the liver inflammatory microenvironment, laying a foundation for the regulation of the liver tumor inflammatory microenvironment based on bile acids. Yinchenhao decoction may improve the inflammatory microenvironment of mice with HCC by ameliorating hepatic bile acid metabolism.
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Ácidos y Sales Biliares , Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Microambiente Tumoral , Animales , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/uso terapéutico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/metabolismo , Ratones , Ácidos y Sales Biliares/metabolismo , Microambiente Tumoral/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Masculino , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/metabolismo , Hígado/patología , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Inflamación/metabolismoRESUMEN
Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining is the gold standard for tissue characterization in routine pathological diagnoses. However, these visible light dyes do not exclusively label the nuclei and cytoplasm, making clear-cut segmentation of staining signals challenging. Currently, fluorescent staining technology is much more common in clinical research for analyzing tissue morphology and protein distribution owing to its advantages of channel independence, multiplex labeling, and the possibility of enabling 3D tissue labeling. Although both H&E and fluorescent dyes can stain the nucleus and cytoplasm for representative tissue morphology, color variation between these two staining technologies makes cross-analysis difficult, especially with computer-assisted artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms. In this study, we applied color normalization and nucleus extraction methods to overcome the variation between staining technologies. We also developed an available workflow for using an H&E-stained segmentation AI model in the analysis of fluorescent nucleic acid staining images in breast cancer tumor recognition, resulting in 89.6% and 80.5% accuracy in recognizing specific tumor features in H&E- and fluorescent-stained pathological images, respectively. The results show that the cross-staining inference maintained the same precision level as the proposed workflow, providing an opportunity for an expansion of the application of current pathology AI models.
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A novel distal radical rearrangement of alkoxyphosphine is developed for the first time and applied to the regioselective radical fluoroalkylphosphorylation of unactivated olefins. By employing a one-pot two-step reaction of (bis)homoallylic alcohols, organophosphine chlorides, and fluoroalkyl iodides under CFL (compact fluorescence light) irradiation, a series of fluoroalkylphosphorylated alkyl iodides and alcohols are easily synthesized by regiospecific installing a phosphonyl onto the inner carbon of terminal olefins and further iodination/hydroxylation. Mechanism studies reveal that the migration undergoes a distinctive radical cyclization/ß-scission on the lone electron pair of phosphorus, resulting in C-P bond formation and C-O bond cleavage.
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A tunable photocatalytic method is reported for anti-Markovnikov hydro- and aminooxygenation of unactivated alkenes using readily accessible ketoxime carbonates as the diverse functionalization reagents. Mechanistic studies reveal that this reaction is initiated through an energy-transfer-promoted N-O bond homolysis of ketoxime carbonates leading to alkoxylcarbonyloxyl and iminyl radicals under visible-light photocatalysis, followed by the addition of alkoxylcarbonyloxyl radical to alkenes. By taking advantage of the different stability of the iminyl radicals, the generated carbon radical either abstracts a hydrogen atom from the media to form the anti-Markovnikov hydrooxygenation product, or it is trapped by the persistent iminyl radical to furnish the aminooxygenation product. Notably, this is the first example of direct hydrooxygenation of unactivated olefins with anti-Markovnikov regioselectivity involving an oxygen-centered radical.
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BACKGROUND: Constipation is one of the most important nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, and constipation of different severities is closely related to the pathogenesis of PD. PD with constipation (PDC) is considered a unique type of constipation, but its mechanism of formation and factors affecting its severity have been less reported. Understanding the gastrointestinal motility characteristics and constipation classification of PDC patients is essential to guide the treatment of PDC. In this study, the colonic transit test and high-resolution anorectal manometry were used to identify the intestinal motility of PDC to provide a basis for the treatment of PDC. AIM: To investigate the clinical classification of PDC, to clarify its characteristics of colonic motility and rectal anal canal pressure, and to provide a basis for further research on the pathogenesis of PDC. METHODS: Twenty PDC patients and 20 patients with functional constipation (FC) who were treated at Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University from August 6, 2018 to December 2, 2019 were included. A colonic transit test and high-resolution anorectal manometry were performed to compare the differences in colonic transit time, rectal anal canal pressure, and constipation classification between the two groups. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in sex, age, body mass index, or duration of constipation between the two groups. It was found that more patients in the PDC group exhibited difficulty in defecating than in the FC group, and the difference was statistically significant. The rectal resting pressure, anal sphincter resting pressure, intrarectal pressure, and anal relaxation rate in the PDC group were significantly lower than those in the FC group. The proportion of paradoxical contractions in the PDC group was significantly higher than that in the FC group. There was a statistically significant difference in the type composition ratio of defecatory disorders between the two groups (P < 0.05). The left colonic transit time, rectosigmoid colonic transit time (RSCTT), and total colonic transit time were prolonged in PDC and FC patients compared to normal values. The patients with FC had a significantly longer right colonic transit time and a significantly shorter RSCTT than patients with PDC (P < 0.05). Mixed constipation predominated in PDC patients and FC patients, and no significant difference was observed. CONCLUSION: Patients with PDC and FC have severe functional dysmotility of the colon and rectum, but there are certain differences in segmental colonic transit time and rectal anal canal pressure between the two groups.
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Enfermedad de Parkinson , Canal Anal , Colon , Estreñimiento/etiología , Motilidad Gastrointestinal , Tránsito Gastrointestinal , Humanos , Manometría , Enfermedad de Parkinson/complicaciones , RectoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Moderately severe acute pancreatitis (MSAP) and severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) are associated with organ failure (OF), which can be lethal. AIMS: This study determined the factors that predict the severity of AP at admission in elderly patients. METHODS: In this retrospective study, the data from elderly patients (> 60 years of age) admitted within 72 h of onset of symptoms without OF were collected. These data at admission were analyzed and correlated with the severity of AP. To identify the factors associated with more serious AP (i.e. MSAP and SAP), patients were divided into mild acute pancreatitis (MAP) and MSAP + SAP groups. RESULTS: A total of 198 patients [MAP group (n = 135) and MSAP + SAP group (n = 63)] were included. Biliary disease was the most common etiology. Respiratory failure was the most common OF. Logistic regression analyses indicated that idiopathic etiology (odds ratio [OR]: 3.029, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.017-9.022, p = 0.047), pre-existing pulmonary disease (OR: 7.104, CI 1.750-28.84, p = 0.006), increased hematocrit level (OR: 3.717, 95%CI 1.372-10.070, p = 0.010), serum calcium (OR: 0.023, 95%CI 0.001-0.371, p = 0.008), serum glucose (OR: 1.157, 95%CI 1.031-1.299, p = 0.013), arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) (OR: 0.914, 95%CI 0.874-0.956, p < 0.001), and pleural effusion (OR: 4.979, 95%CI 1.863-13.303, p = 0.001) were independent predictors of more serious AP. CONCLUSION: This study found that idiopathic etiology, pre-existing pulmonary diseases, increased hematocrit level or pleural effusion, higher serum glucose, and lower serum calcium or PaO2 at the time of admission independently correlated with more serious AP in the elderly patients.
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Pancreatitis , Enfermedad Aguda , Anciano , Hospitalización , Humanos , Oportunidad Relativa , Pancreatitis/complicaciones , Pancreatitis/diagnóstico , Pronóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Índice de Severidad de la EnfermedadRESUMEN
This work represents the first [4+2] annulation of hydroxamic acids with olefins for the synthesis of benzo[c][1,2]oxazines scaffold via anode-selective electrochemical oxidation. This protocol features mild conditions, is oxidant free, shows high regioselectivity and stereoselectivity, broad substrate scope of both alkenes and hydroxamic acids, and is compatible with terpenes, peptides, and steroids. Significantly, the dioxygenation of olefins employing hydroxamic acid is also successfully achieved by switching the anode material under the same reaction conditions. The study not only reveals a new reactivity of hydroxamic acids and its first application in electrosynthesis but also provides a successful example of anode material-tuned product selectivity.
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BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has brought great challenges to public health. Aggravation of COVID-19 is closely related to the secondary systemic inflammatory response. Glucocorticoids are used to control severe diseases caused by the cytokine storm, owing to their anti-inflammatory effects. However, glucocorticoids are a double-edged sword, as the use of large doses has the potential risk of secondary infection and long-term serious complications, and may prolong virus clearance time. Nonetheless, the risks and benefits of glucocorticoid adjuvant therapy for COVID-19 are inconclusive. AIM: To determine the effect of methylprednisolone in severe and critically ill patients with COVID-19. METHODS: This single-center retrospective study included 102 adult COVID-19 patients admitted to a ward of a designated hospital in Wuhan, Hubei Province from January to March 2020. All patients received general symptomatic treatment and organ function support, and were given different respiratory support measures according to their conditions. In case of deterioration, considering the hyperinflammatory state of the patients, methylprednisolone was intravenously administered at 0.75-1.5 mg/kg/d, usually for less than 14 d. Patient vital signs and oxygenation were closely monitored, in combination with imaging and routine blood tests such as C-reactive protein, biochemical indicators (liver and kidney function, myocardial enzymes, electrolytes, etc.), and coagulation function. Patient clinical outcomes were discharge or death. RESULTS: A total of 102 severe and critically ill COVID-19 patients were included in this study. They were divided into treatment (69, 67.6%) and control groups (33, 32.4%) according to methylprednisolone use. Comparison of baseline data between the two groups showed that the treatment group patients had higher aspartic acid aminotransferase, globulin, hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, and lactate dehydrogenase. There was no significant difference in other baseline data between the two groups. With regard to prognosis, 29 (78.4%) patients in the treatment group died as opposed to 40 (61.5%) in the control group. The mortality was higher in the treatment group than in the control group; however, according to the log-rank test and the Kaplan-Meier survival curve, the difference in mortality between both groups was insignificant (P = 0.655). The COX regression equation was used to correct the variables with differences, and the results showed that methylprednisolone treatment did not improve prognosis. CONCLUSION: Methylprednisolone treatment does not improve prognosis in severe and critical COVID-19 patients.
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BACKGROUND: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly evolved into a global pandemic. COVID-19 is clinically categorized into mild, moderate, severe, and critical illness. Acute kidney injury is an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in patients with. Serum cystatin C (sCys C) is considered a more sensitive biomarker for early renal insufficiency than conventional indicators of renal function. Early detection of risk factors that affect the prognosis of severe and critically ill patients while using active and effective treatment measures is very important and can effectively reduce the potential mortality rate. AIM: To determine the predictive value of sCys C for the prognosis of patients with COVID-19. METHODS: The clinical data of 101 severe and critically ill patients with COVID-19 at a designated hospital in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China were analyzed retrospectively. According to the clinical outcome, the patients were divided into a discharge group (64 cases) and a death group (37 cases). The general information, underlying diseases, and laboratory examination indexes of the two groups were compared. Multivariate Cox regression was used to explore the relationship between sCys C and prognosis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to demonstrate the sensitivity and specificity of sCys C and its optimal cut-off value for predicting death. RESULTS: There were significant differences in age, sCys C, creatinine, C-reactive protein, serum albumin, creatine kinase-MB, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, neutrophil count, and lymphocyte count between the two groups (P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that sCys C was an independent risk factor for death in patients with COVID-19 (Odds ratio = 1.812, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.300-2.527, P < 0.001). The area under the ROC curve was 0.755 (95%CI: 1.300-2.527), the cut-off value was 0.80, the specificity was 0.562, and the sensitivity was 0.865. CONCLUSION: sCys C is an independent risk factor for death in patients with COVID-19. Patients with a sCys C level of 0.80 mg/L or greater are at a high risk of death.
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Aim: Thyroid cancer (TC) is one of the most common types of endocrine malignancy and poses a significant challenge to human health. The long noncoding RNA 389641 (LOC389641) has been found to be associated with many types of cancer. However, the function of LOC389641 in papillary TC (PTC) remains unknown. Our aim is to explore LOC389641 expression and its role in TC. Materials & methods: The function of LOC389641 was determined by colony formation, migration and invasion assays in PTC. Western blot assays were performed to determine the biomarker of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Results: In this study, we show that LOC389641 is involved in PTC, which suggests that it may be a target for TC therapies.
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Progresión de la Enfermedad , Transición Epitelial-Mesenquimal/genética , ARN Largo no Codificante/genética , Cáncer Papilar Tiroideo/genética , Cáncer Papilar Tiroideo/patología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/genética , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , HumanosRESUMEN
Recently, the incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing worldwide. Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common histological type of thyroid cancer. Whole-transcriptome sequence analysis was performed to further understand the primary molecular mechanisms of the occurrence and progression of PTC. Results showed that Eva-1 homolog A (EVA1A) may be a potential gene for the PTC-associated gene in thyroid cancer. In this work, the role of EVA1A expression in thyroid cancer was investigated. Real-time PCR was performed to detect the expression level of EVA1A in 43 pairs of PTC and four thyroid cancer cell lines. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was used to evaluate the relationship between the expression level of EVA1A and the pathological feature of PTC. The logistic regression analysis of the TCGA data set indicated that the expression of EVA1A was an independent risk factor for tumour, nde and metastasis (TNM) in PTC. This study shows the down-regulation of EVA1A inhibited the colony formation, proliferation, migration and invasion of PTC cell lines. In the protein level, knockdown of EVA1A can regulate the expression of N-cadherin, vimentin, Bcl-xL, Bax, YAP and TAZ. This study indicated that EVA1A was an oncogene associated with PTC.
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Proteínas de la Membrana/metabolismo , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas , Transducción de Señal , Cáncer Papilar Tiroideo/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/metabolismo , Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales/metabolismo , Adulto , Anciano , Antígenos CD/metabolismo , Apoptosis , Cadherinas/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Movimiento Celular , Proliferación Celular , Transición Epitelial-Mesenquimal/genética , Femenino , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Vía de Señalización Hippo , Humanos , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular/metabolismo , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Invasividad Neoplásica , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/metabolismo , Factores de Riesgo , Programas Informáticos , Cáncer Papilar Tiroideo/patología , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/patología , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Proteínas Coactivadoras Transcripcionales con Motivo de Unión a PDZ , Vimentina/metabolismo , Proteínas Señalizadoras YAP , Proteína X Asociada a bcl-2/metabolismo , Proteína bcl-X/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection rate in China is approximately 50%. H. pylori is a pathogenic factor of peptic ulcer and chronic gastritis. In addition, H. pylori infection may also be associated with a variety of cardiovascular diseases in elderly people, such as arteriosclerosis, coronary heart disease, and cerebral infarction, having deleterious effect on their health. With the aging of the population, the disease characteristics of the elderly population have been increasingly valued by the whole society. We conducted an epidemiological survey of H. pylori infection among elderly people in Beijing to provide a basis for health management of H. pylori infection. AIM: To understand the epidemiological characteristics of H. pylori infection in elderly people in Beijing. METHODS: A total of 1090 elderly people aged more than 60 years from different parts of Beijing (urban and rural areas) were selected using the random cluster sampling method. Structured questionnaires were completed during home visits and the 13C-urea breath test was conducted for H. pylori detection. RESULTS: The prevalence of H. pylori infection was 46.5% (507/1090). The infection rate in men was 51.8%, which was significantly higher than that in women (42.5%; P < 0.05). The H. pylori infection rate in illiterate people was significantly higher than that in literate persons (53.5% vs 44.8%, P < 0.05). The total infection rate of H. pylori gradually increased with age and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01). The H. pylori infection rate in smokers was significantly higher than that in non-smokers and those who had quit smoking (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of H. pylori infection among elderly people is 46.5% and the infection rate gradually increases with age. Sex, education level, age, and smoking were determined to be H. pylori infection risk factors. The relationship of H. pylori infection with region, occupation, drinking, and diet structure needs to be further studied.
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Thyroid cancer is maintaining at a high incidence level and its carcinogenesis is mainly affected by a complex gene interaction. By analysis of the next-generation resequencing of paired papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and adjacent thyroid tissues, we found that Growth Associated Protein 43 (GAP43), a phosphoprotein activated by protein kinase C, might be novel markers associated with PTC. However, its function in thyroid carcinoma has been poorly understood. We discovered that GAP43 was significantly overexpressed in thyroid carcinoma and these results were consistent with that in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort. In addition, some clinicopathological features of GAP43 in TCGA database showed that up-regulated GAP43 is significantly connected to lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001) and tumour size (P = 0.038). In vitro experiments, loss of function experiments was performed to investigate GAP43 in PTC cell lines (TPC-1 and BCPAP). The results proved that GAP43 knockdown in PTC cell significantly decreased the function of cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion and induced cell apoptosis. Furthermore, we also indicated that GAP43 could modulate the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related proteins, which could influence invasion and migration. Put those results together, GAP43 is a gene which was associated with PTC and might be a potential therapeutic target.
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Proliferación Celular/genética , Transición Epitelial-Mesenquimal/genética , Proteína GAP-43/metabolismo , Metástasis Linfática , Cáncer Papilar Tiroideo/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/metabolismo , Adulto , Apoptosis/genética , Línea Celular Tumoral , Movimiento Celular/genética , Estudios de Cohortes , Bases de Datos Genéticas , Femenino , Proteína GAP-43/genética , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica/genética , Técnicas de Silenciamiento del Gen , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Invasividad Neoplásica/genética , Estadificación de Neoplasias , ARN Interferente Pequeño , Factores de Riesgo , Cáncer Papilar Tiroideo/genética , Cáncer Papilar Tiroideo/patología , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/genética , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/patología , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/secundarioRESUMEN
A copper-catalyzed aminoacyloxylation of unactivated alkenes of unsaturated hydrazones is achieved by using various commercially available carboxylic acids as the acyloxylating reagents and di- tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) as the oxidant. By using this method, a sequence of structurally diversiform acyloxyl-substituted pyrazolines are efficiently synthesized. Significantly, many carboxyl-containing drugs and bioactive molecules with unprotected functional groups are compatible in this reaction.
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AIM: To elucidate the effects of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) on the severity and complications of acute pancreatitis (AP). METHODS: In total, 208 patients with AP as defined by the revised Atlanta classification were admitted to Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University from 2013 to 2016. All patients were admitted within 72 h of AP onset. The hydrogen breath test was performed 7 d after AP onset to detect hydrogen production and evaluate the development of SIBO. The incidence of SIBO was analyzed in patients with AP of three different severity grades. The association between SIBO and complications of AP was also assessed. RESULTS: Of the 27 patients with severe AP (SAP), seven (25.92%) developed SIBO. Of the 86 patients with moderately severe AP (MSAP), 22 (25.58%) developed SIBO. Of the 95 patients with mild AP (MAP), eight (8.42%) developed SIBO. There were significant differences in the rates of SIBO among patients with AP of different severities. Additionally, more severe AP was associated with higher rates of SIBO positivity (P < 0.05). SIBO in patients with AP mainly occurred within 72 h of the onset of AP. The incidence of organ failure was significantly higher in patients with SIBO than in those without (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: SIBO occurs more frequently in patients with MSAP or SAP than in those with MAP, usually ≤ 72 h after AP onset. Additionally, SIBO is associated with organ failure.
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Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones Bacterianas/diagnóstico , Intestino Delgado/microbiología , Pancreatitis/microbiología , Adulto , Anciano , Bacterias/metabolismo , Infecciones Bacterianas/epidemiología , Pruebas Respiratorias , Femenino , Humanos , Hidrógeno/análisis , Incidencia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Índice de Severidad de la EnfermedadRESUMEN
AIM: To investigate correlations between diet and prevalence of constipation among elderly people in Beijing. METHODS: A total of 2776 (≥ 60 years) were selected in Beijing region for investigation. Data regarding constipation and diet habits was collected via hierarchical status, segmentation and random cluster sampling. Investigation included constipation-related demographic indicators and diet habits. Door-to-door questionnaires and surveys included daily staple food intakes, frequency of fish, egg, fruits and vegetables consumption. Constipation was defined according to the China Chronic Constipation Diagnosis and Treatment Guideline (2013), with the following constipation judgment indicators: decreased defecation frequency, dry and hard stool, and difficulty in defecation. RESULTS: The prevalence of constipation among elderly people in Beijing region was 13%. There was a positive correlation between prevalence of constipation and age, but negative correlations between prevalence of constipation and staple food, fish and dietary fibres (fruits and vegetables) intakes. These differences were all statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of elderly constipation in Beijing region is closely related to diet habits, and is significantly decreased by high staple foods intake, fish eating and high dietary fibres (fruits and vegetables) consumption.
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Estreñimiento/diagnóstico , Estreñimiento/epidemiología , Dieta , Anciano , Beijing , China , Demografía , Fibras de la Dieta , Estudios Epidemiológicos , Femenino , Productos Pesqueros , Frutas , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Óvulo , Prevalencia , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , VerdurasRESUMEN
AIM: To investigate the present situation of elderly constipation in urban and rural areas of the Beijing region. METHODS: A total of 1942 cases (≥ 60 years) were selected in the Beijing region for investigation. Constipation-related data collection was carried out via hierarchical status, segmentation, and random cluster sampling. Patient data concerning constipation-related demographic indicators, education level, occupation, economic status, and history of gastrointestinal disease was obtained via questionnaires and surveys. Constipation was defined according to the Rome III criteria, with the following constipation judgment indicators: defecation less than 3 times per week, stool weight less than 35 g/d, dry and hard stool, and difficulty in defecating during more than 25% of evacuation attempts. RESULTS: Of the 1942 cases, 634 were diagnosed with constipation, and the total prevalence rate was 32.6%, which increased with age. There was a statistically insignificantly higher prevalence of constipation in females (compared to males) and urban areas (compared to rural areas). There was a statistically insignificantly higher prevalence in the illiterate group compared to the literacy group. Those engaged in mental work suffered from statistically significantly higher constipation prevalence than those engaged in physical labor. A total of 1847 cases did not suffer from gastritis, of which 595 cases were constipated; although the prevalence rate was 32.2%, showing a higher incidence of constipation in patients with gastritis, no significant statistical difference between the two groups was found. A total of 59 cases with a past history of biliary tract disease were found, of which 26 had constipation; constipation prevalence was 44.1% (far higher than other groups), which was a statistically significant difference. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of elderly constipation in the Beijing region closely resembles Western countries, and is significantly affected by region, age, and past history of other related illnesses.
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Envejecimiento , Estreñimiento/epidemiología , Enfermedad Aguda , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , China/epidemiología , Enfermedad Crónica , Comorbilidad , Estreñimiento/diagnóstico , Estreñimiento/fisiopatología , Defecación , Femenino , Encuestas Epidemiológicas , Humanos , Incidencia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Salud Rural , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Factores Sexuales , Factores Socioeconómicos , Salud UrbanaRESUMEN
In the title complex, {[Pr(C(2)O(4))(1.5)(H(2)O)(2)]·H(2)O}(n), the Pr(III) ion, which lies on a crystallographic inversion centre, is coordinated by seven O atoms from four oxalate ligands and two O atoms from two water ligands; further Pr-O coordination from tetra-dentate oxalate ligands forms a three-dimensional structure. The compound crystallized as a monohydrate, the water mol-ecule occupying space in small voids and being secured by O-Hâ¯O hydrogen bonding as an acceptor from ligand water H atoms and as a donor to oxalate O-acceptor sites.
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Hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance and elevated insulin levels frequently occur in burned patients; however, the mechanism(s) for this insulin resistance has not been fully elucidated. One possible mechanism could involve alterations in the phosphorylation of serine 307 of the insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) via activation of stress kinase enzymes, including SAPK/JNK. In the present study we examined the time course of the effect of burn injury to mice on: levels of IRS-1 protein, phosphorylation of serine 307 of IRS-1, SAPK/JNK kinase levels and activity and Akt kinase activity in hind limb skeletal muscle. Burn injury produced a reduction in hind limb muscle mass 24 h after injury, and, which persisted for 168 h. At 24 h after injury, there was a dramatic ( approximately 9-fold) increase in phosphorylation of IRS-1 serine 307 followed by a more moderate elevation thereafter. Total IRS-1 protein was slightly elevated at 24 h after injury and decreased to levels below sham treated animals at the later times. Burn injury did not appear to change total SAPK/JNK protein content, however, enzyme activity was increased for 7 days after injury. Akt kinase activity was decreased in skeletal muscle following burn injury; providing a biochemical basis for burn-induced insulin resistance. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that burn-induced insulin resistance may be related, at least in part, to alterations in the phosphorylation of key proteins in the insulin signaling cascade, including IRS-1, and that changes in stress kinases, such as SAPK/JNK produced by burn injury, may be responsible for these changes in phosphorylation.
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Quemaduras/complicaciones , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Activación Enzimática , Resistencia a la Insulina , Fosfoproteínas/metabolismo , Animales , Quemaduras/metabolismo , Miembro Posterior/citología , Miembro Posterior/lesiones , Miembro Posterior/metabolismo , Proteínas Sustrato del Receptor de Insulina , Proteínas Quinasas JNK Activadas por Mitógenos/metabolismo , MAP Quinasa Quinasa 4 , Masculino , Ratones , Quinasas de Proteína Quinasa Activadas por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/citología , Músculo Esquelético/lesiones , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Fosforilación , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt , Receptor de Insulina/metabolismo , Transducción de SeñalRESUMEN
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>In order to explore the existence of SARS coronavirus (Co-V) and/or its RNA in sewage of hospitals administered SARS patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A novel electropositive filter was used to concentrate the SARS-CoV from the sewage of two hospitals administered SARS patients in Beijing, including twelve 2,500 ml sewage samples from the hospitals before disinfection, and ten 25,000 ml samples after disinfection; as well as cell culture, RT-PCR and sequencing of gene to detect and identify the viruses from sewage.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was no live SARS-CoV detected in the sewage in this study. The nucleic acid of SARS-CoV had been found in the 12 sewage samples before disinfection from both hospitals by semi-nested PCR. After disinfection, SARS-CoV RNA could only be detected from the samples from the 309th Hospital, and the others were negative.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It provides evidence that there is no live SARS-Cov in the sewage from hospitals with SARS patients though SARS-CoV RNA can be detected.</p>