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There is considerable interest in the use of essential oils for food preservation, but their effect on the aroma profile of a product is poorly understood. This study investigated the effect of thyme essential oil (EO) addition at increasing concentrations (0.005, 0.01, 0.02, and 0.03% v/w) on the volatile compound composition of vacuum-packed minced turkey meat after storage for 8 days at 1-2 °C. The aroma profile of the meat was determined using the HS-SPME/GCMS (headspace solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) method. The results were also analysed by PCA (principal component analysis). The addition of thyme EO had a modifying effect on the aroma profile of meat-derived components, e.g., the formation of benzeneacetaldehyde, benzyl alcohol, 4,7-dimethylbenzofuran, hexathiane, hexanal, and 1-hexanol was reduced and the appearance of 9-hexadecenoic acid was observed in the stored samples. The increase in EO concentration affected the levels of its individual components in the meat headspace in different ways. In terms of fat rancidity indices, even a 0.005% addition of this essential oil significantly reduced the peroxide value. Quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) showed that the addition of thyme EO reduced or masked the intensity of unpleasant odours associated with meat spoilage. In the aroma analysis, the turkey with 0.02% v/w EO scored highest, and pleasant citrus notes were found.

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BACKGROUND: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a group of conditions that affect the function of the masticatory muscles, temporomandibular joints and surrounding structures. OBJECTIVES: The objective of the preliminary investigation was to develop an initial questionnaire for emotional assessment, pre-designed for TMD patients, and provide guidance for further management through referral to psychological and/or psychiatric counseling. Additionally, we aimed to compare the results of tests carried out in TMD patients with those of healthy subjects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study involved 260 patients who reported for dental treatment. The TMD study group (Group 1, n = 130) consisted of patients diagnosed with TMD, and the control group (Group 2, n = 130) had TMD diagnostically excluded. The questionnaire included 30 questions about the emotional state of the patients in the past 4 weeks. RESULTS: The mean scores were 37.715 points for Group 1 (median (Me) = 35.5, standard deviation (SD) = 12.58 and 24.938 points for Group 2 (Me = 24, SD = 7.95) (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The research suggests that the developed questionnaire is useful for an initial assessment of the psycho-emotional state of TMD patients. Furthermore, the results emphasize a greater need for psychological counseling in TMD patients compared to their healthy counterparts.

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This study reports the use of front-face fluorescence spectroscopy with principal component analysis (PCA) as a tool for the characterisation of selected Polish herbhoneys (raspberry, lemon balm, rose, mint, black current, instant coffee, pine, hawthorn, and nettle). Fluorimetric spectra registered in the ranges ascribed to fluorescence of amino acids, polyphenols, vitamins, and products of Maillard's reaction enabled the comparison of herbhoney compositions. Obtained synchronous spectra combined with PCA were used to investigate potential differences between analysed samples and interactions between compounds present in them. The most substantial influence on the total variance had the intensities of polyphenols fluorescence. These intensities were the main factor differentiated by the analysed products.

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INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to check the safety and efficacy of transobturator tape (TOT) combined with various prolapse procedures. The results were compared with outcomes of sling performed as an alone surgery. Risk factors for TOT failure were also identified. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study comprised 219 patients with sling alone (Group SUI) and 221 after TOT combined with concomitant prolapse surgery (Group POP/SUI). Medical records were carefully reviewed to obtain demographic and clinical data, details of surgery, including intra-and postoperative complications. RESULTS: Subjective cure rate was slightly, but statistically significantly, higher in POP/SUI group (89.6% vs 82.6%; ch2 = 4.44; p = 0.035). There was no significant difference in sling efficacy dependant of type of POP surgery. Post-operative urine retention was more frequent in POP/SUI group compared to SUI group (18.6% vs 3.2%; ch2 = 34.36; p < 0.001). Logistic regression showed that age, BMI and prolonged pos-operative urine retention are independent factors affecting TOT outcome. Age ≥65years and BMI ≥30kg,m2 more than doubled the risk of failure: OR 2.348, CI 95% (1.330-4.147); p = 0.003 and 2.030, (95% CI 1.148-3.587); p = 0.015; respectively. Interestingly, post-operative urine retention appeared to be a positive prognostic factor OR 0.145, (95% CI 0.019-1.097); p < 0.05. CONCLUSIONS: Subjective efficacy of TOT used concomitantly with POP procedures is slightly higher than TOT alone. Better sling outcomes can be expected both for POP procedures involving both the anterior and posterior compartments. Age and obesity are independent factors of TOT failure, whereas prolonged post-operative urine retention is a positive predictive factor of TOT success.

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Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) encompass a diverse group of abnormalities in the functioning of the masticatory muscles, temporomandibular joints, and surrounding structures within the facial skull. One of the important etiological factors, contributing to the development of TMD are psychoemotional disorders, which include: depression, dysthymia, personality disorders, panic attacks as well as states and anxiety neuroses.The aim of the study was to carry out a retrospective evaluation of the occurrence of psychoemotional disorders reported in the application form of medical interview of patients treated at the Consulting Room of Temporomandibular Disorders in Dental Institute (University Dental Clinic) for TMD. The research material consisted of a subjective survey according to the protocol of the RDC/TMD questionnaire, axis II, of the 360 patients (224 women, 136 men), aged 19 to 43 who came to the University Dental Clinic in Krakow due to TMD management. Result: The results of the conducted studies indicate the common occurrence of emotional disorders in the group of patients treated for TMD, both in the group of muscular and joint form of dysfunctions. The most often the patients selected: loss of sexual interest or pleasure, crying easily, feeling lonely, indifference to every- thing and feeling of worthlessness. These aspects show a significant influence of emotional factors on TMD. Conclusion: The results of the conducted research indicate a significant frequencies of psychological and emotional disturbances reported in a survey among patients with TMD.

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Objectives: Post-traumatic growth (PTG) and post-traumatic depreciation (PTD) can be defined, respectively, as positive and negative changes in the aftermath of trauma. These changes can be assigned to the following domains: personal strength, relating to others, new possibilities, appreciation of life, spiritual and existential change. The aim of this study was to explore the possibility that positive and negative effects of trauma can coexist and explore the categories of effect. Methods: 72 participants were asked to recount their experience of trauma and answer questions about how it had affected their thinking about themselves and the world. Participants' narratives were analyzed by competent judges and using Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count. Results: The domains in which positive changes were most frequently observed were Personal Strength (26.09%), Relating to Others (24.22%), and Appreciation of Life (21.12%). Negative changes mainly affected Relating to Others (33.33%) and Personal Strength (23.33%). The results were confirmed by quantitative analysis of narratives: participants' narratives of trauma and its consequences contained more words which expressing positive emotions (1.67%) than negative emotions (0.90%), paired-sample t(60) = 9.70, p < 0.001. There were correlations between the frequency of words referring to positive emotions and PTG, r(62) = 0.39, p < 0.01, and between the frequency of words referring to negative emotions and PTG, r(62) = 0.23, p < 0.05. Conclusion: PTG and PTD can coexist and they can be regarded as outcomes of two separate processes. The study results also suggest that although PTG and PTD can coexist, they may be considered different domains of psychological functioning.

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OBJECTIVES: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) can serve as a multidimensional means of evaluating the relationship between the presence of wind turbines in residential areas and their consequence for health. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a relationship exists between the presence of wind farms at different stages of development and the HRQoL of people living in their vicinity in Poland. METHOD: The instruments employed in this study were the SF-36v2, a questionnaire measuring self-reported health problems, and a sociodemographic questionnaire. The study involved 1277 people who lived within 2 km from a wind turbine. RESULTS: The highest overall QoL scores were obtained by respondents living the closest to wind turbines. The mental health, role emotional, and social functioning scores were significantly higher among respondents living near wind farms and wind-farm construction sites than among those living close to locations where wind farms were planned but where construction had not yet begun. Positive correlations were found between physical and mental component scores and reactions to the news of plans to construct a wind farm. Significant differences in physical and mental component scores were observed between residents who reacted calmly and those who responded with apprehension. Residents who expected the improvement of their financial standing as a result of the wind farm assessed their general health higher than those who did not expect to receive any economic benefits. The lowest QoL scores corresponded to frequent headaches, stomach aches, and back pain over the previous three months, as well as recurrent problems with falling asleep, anxiety, and a lack of acceptance of the project. CONCLUSION: The lowest overall QoL and general health scores were noted among residents of places where wind-farm developments were either at the stage of planning or under construction. In order to find ways of reducing environmental stress and its adverse effects on health, it is necessary to conduct research on residents of places where a wind farm is either planned or under construction, or has just been completed.

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INTRODUCTION: Kinesiology Taping is a method that assists healing processes and improves the physical efficiency. THE AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of the study was to assess the influence of Kinesiology Taping on the lymphoedema reduction among women after mastectomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The subject of the research included 44 women underwent single mastectomy along with the removal of lymph nodes. The examination was carried out from the 4(th) of January to the 4(th) of February, 2013. The traditional taping method was implemented among 22 women, whereas the own taping method was used among the other 22 women. The therapy took 21 days, during which the tapes were applied three times every 7 days. The measurements were made before every application and at the end of the therapy. In the study, a questionnaire was used and it included questions concerning basic demographic, epidemiological data as well as the evaluation of the therapy effectiveness. The linear measurements of the upper limbs, the measurements of the range of joints' motion in the upper limb were taken as well as grip strength was made. RESULTS: The reduction of the volume of lymphoedema of 55% was reported in the study group, whereas the oedema reduced by 27% in the clinical control one. CONCLUSIONS: In the reduction of lymphoedema, the greater effectiveness of the own taping method in comparison to the traditional one was reported. Kinesiology Taping exerted an influence on the improvement of the upper limb's joints movability and the grip strength.

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This study examined the effect of adding essential oils of hyssop and coriander at the highest concentration (0.02% v/w) sensorially acceptable to a panel of assessors on the microbiological and biochemical characteristics of stored ground beef. Vacuum-packed meat was stored at 0.5±0.5°C and 6±1°C for 15days. The greatest beneficial effect of both additives was in inhibiting the development of undesirable sensory changes (extending acceptability by up to 3days) and the growth of Enterobacteriaceae (by up to approximately 1-2 log cycles compared with the controls). The effect on lactic acid bacteria, total viable bacterial count and other groups of microorganisms investigated was minor (up to 1 log cycle) and similar for both oils. Neither did these additives significantly affect amino nitrogen levels, protease activity, the proportions of meat pigments, protein electropherograms and pH levels. This indicates the limited effect of these essential oils in the concentrations applied on preserving vacuum-packed minced beef.

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