RESUMEN

To provide a cost-efficient parentage testing kit for red deer (Cervus elaphus), a 63 SNP set has been developed from a high-density Illumina BovineHD BeadChip containing 777 962 SNPs after filtering of genotypes of 50 stags. The successful genotyping rate was 38.6 % on the chip. The ratio of polymorphic loci among effectively genotyped loci was 6.5 %. The selected 63 SNPs have been applied to 960 animals to perform parentage control. Thirty SNPs out of the 63 had worked on the OpenArray platform. Their combined value of the probability of identity and exclusion probability was 4.9 × 10 - 11 and 0.99803, respectively. A search for loci linked with antler quality was also performed on the genotypes of the above-mentioned stags. Association studies revealed 14 SNPs associated with antler quality, where low-quality antlers with short and thin main beam antlers had values from 1 to 2, while high-quality antlers with long and strong main beams had values between 4 and 5. The chance for a stag to be correctly identified as having high-value antlers is expected to be over 88 %.

RESUMEN

Milk protein gene expression varies during the pregnancy/lactation cycle under the influence of lactogenic hormones which induce the activation of several transcription factors. Beyond this activation modifying the binding properties of these factors to their consensus sequences, their interactions with DNA is regulated by variations of the chromatin structure. In the nuclei of the mammary epithelial cell, the three dimensional organisation of the chromatin loops, located between matrix attachment regions, is now being studied. The main milk components are organised in supramolecular structures. Milk fat globules are made of a triglyceride core enwrapped by a tripartite membrane originating from various intracellular compartments. The caseins, the main milk proteins, form aggregates: the casein micelles. Their gradual aggregation in the secretory pathway is initiated as soon as from the endoplasmic reticulum. The mesostructures of the milk fat globule and of the casein micelle remain to be elucidated. Our goal is to make some progress into the understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the formation of these milk products.

Asunto(s)

Núcleo Celular/fisiología , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/fisiología , Lactancia/fisiología , Glándulas Mamarias Animales/metabolismo , Proteínas de la Leche/genética , Animales , Mama/citología , Mama/metabolismo , Caseínas/biosíntesis , Caseínas/química , Caseínas/genética , Bovinos , Núcleo Celular/ultraestructura , Cromatina/genética , Cromatina/ultraestructura , Cistina/fisiología , Células Epiteliales/metabolismo , Femenino , Genes Reguladores , Glucolípidos/metabolismo , Glicoproteínas/metabolismo , Glicoproteínas/ultraestructura , Hormonas/fisiología , Humanos , Membranas Intracelulares/fisiología , Membranas Intracelulares/ultraestructura , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular/genética , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular/fisiología , Lactancia/genética , Gotas Lipídicas , Glándulas Mamarias Animales/citología , Proteínas de la Membrana/genética , Proteínas de la Membrana/fisiología , Ratones , Micelas , Proteínas de la Leche/biosíntesis , Matriz Nuclear/fisiología , Matriz Nuclear/ultraestructura , Conejos , Proteínas Modificadoras de la Actividad de Receptores , Factores de Transcripción/fisiología , Triglicéridos/metabolismo