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Successful management of a patient with endometrioid type, grade 2 endometrial carcinoma with bilateral multiple pulmonary and extrapelvic abdominal metastases has been reported. A 61-year-old woman with the preoperative diagnosis of stage IVB endometrial carcinoma underwent surgery followed by six cycles of chemotherapy consisting of paclitaxel (175 mg/m2) and carboplatin (area under curve 5). After the sixth course, there were no abnormal findings on chest and abdominal computed tomography. She has no evidence of disease recurrence 24 months after the induction of chemotherapy. Tumor markers are within normal limits. Endometrial carcinoma with pulmonary metastases, especially those with bilateral multiple pulmonary metastases associated with additional extrapulmonary spread can be successfully treated by extensive surgery followed by chemotherapy consisting of paclitaxel and carboplatin.

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We present a patient with surgical stage I endometrial cancer who experienced laparotomy wound recurrence 4 years after primary treatment. She was treated successfully by complete surgical resection of recurrent tumors and chemotherapy. A 62-year-old white female with laparotomy wound recurrence of endometrial carcinoma with small-bowel involvement and concomitant subcutaneous metastasis in the abdominal wall underwent complete surgical resection of metastatic tumors followed by six cycles of chemotherapy consisting of paclitaxel (175 mg/m2) and carboplatin (area under the curve 5). Since 24 months after resection of recurrence, she has no evidence of disease recurrence. Endometrial carcinoma with laparotomy wound recurrences, especially those with concomitant metastases, can be successfully treated by complete surgical resection followed by chemotherapy consisting of paclitaxel and carboplatin.

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OBJECTIVE(S): This experimental study investigates the dose-related effects of cyclophosphamide (Cy) on primordial follicular reserve in young mice, and examines whether the concomitant administration of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) may protect gonadal reserve, even at different doses of Cy. METHODS: Forty sexually mature virginal Balb/c mice aged five to six weeks were administered different doses (0, 50, 75,100 mg/kg) of Cy. Another 40 animals were treated with increasing doses (0, 50, 75, 100 mg/kg) of Cy in combination with GnRHa. GnRHa treatment was initiated one week prior to chemotherapy and also continued after chemotherapy for one week. The ovaries were removed seven days after Cy administration and the total number of primordial follicles in both ovaries was counted. RESULTS: Primordial follicular destruction occurred at all levels of Cy exposure. There was a positive correlation between increasing doses of Cy and higher proportion of follicular loss (p < 0.0001). GnRHa was not able to protect against the chemotherapy-induced negative effect on primordial follicular count at low doses (50 mg/kg and 75 mg/kg). Mean +/- SD primordial follicle count in the 100 mg/kg Cy-treated group was significantly lower than in the 100 mg/kg Cy + GnRHa treatment group (73.9 +/- 33.1 vs 89 +/- 17.9, p = 0.047). CONCLUSION: Our data suggest a possible ovarian protective effect of GnRHa cotreatment only at high doses of Cy treatment. However, in spite of co-administration of GnRHa, loss of primordial follicular reserve occurred at all doses of Cy in mice.

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We report the successful treatment of an unruptured ectopic pregnancy in a patient with extremely high beta-human chorionic gonadotropin concentrations. A 33-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 0, abortus 1, presented to our department due to menstrual delay. On transvaginal ultrasonography, she had an unruptured ectopic pregnancy (3.5 x 4.5 cm). Her initial beta-HCG concentration was 38,270 mIU/ml. The administration of methotrexate (50 mg/m2) was performed intramuscularly. Serum beta-HCG levels decreased > 15% between post-therapy days 4 (31,324 mIU/ml) and 7 (13,108 mIU/ml), and did not rise during the subsequent weekly controls. In selected cases with unruptured ectopic pregnancy and extremely high initial beta-HCG levels, medical management with a single-dose methotrexate regimen may be successful.

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Recent studies have addressed the prevalence and prognostic impact of thrombocytosis in various gynecologic and non-gynecologic malignancies. Thrombocytosis appears to be of prognostic value in certain patients with gynecologic malignancies. In this survey we review the published data and attempt to analyze the prognostic implications of thrombocytosis in patients with gynecologic malignancies.

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The aim of this study was to investigate carbohydrate and lipid profiles in women with polycystic appearing ovaries (PCO) on ultrasound examination who did not fulfill the criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We sonographically evaluated and biochemically diagnosed 35 patients with PCO, 31 women with PCOS and 23 healthy controls. We performed oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) and calculated the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) and the homeostatic model assessment (HOMAIR) scores. Serum fasting insulin levels, 1-h insulin response, HOMAIR and QUICKI scores were significantly higher in the PCO and PCOS groups than in the controls. However, serum fasting glucose levels, fasting insulin levels, HOMAIR and QUICKI scores were similar in women with PCO and PCOS. In women with PCO, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were higher, and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and triglyceride levels were lower compared with women with PCOS. Furthermore, insulin responses to OGTT, HOMAIR and QUICKI scores and lipid values correlated with serum androgen levels and body mass index (BMI) in PCO patients. In conclusion, women with PCO who do not fulfill the criteria for PCOS have abnormal insulin sensitivity and insulin resistance. The finding of similar insulin abnormalities in women with PCO to those in women with PCOS confirms that women with PCO have similar metabolic characteristics to those with PCOS.

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OBJECTIVE: We evaluated tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor levels in patients with threatened abortion and compared the levels with normal and pathologic pregnancies. DESIGN: A prospective, nonrandomized, case-control study. SETTING: Academic research setting. PATIENT(S): Twenty-two patients with threatened abortion, 18 patients with pathologic pregnancies, 20 healthy pregnant women, and 20 nonpregnant women. INTERVENTION(S): Maternal serum TNF-alpha and IL-2 receptor levels were measured with a solid-phase, two-site chemiluminescent enzyme immunometric assay method. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): TNF-alpha and IL-2 receptor levels. RESULT(S): The mean +/- SEM maternal serum IL-2 receptor level for patients with threatened abortion was 481.3 +/- 35.7 U/mL, compared with 426.5 +/- 22.4 U/mL in the normal pregnant group. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean +/- SEM serum TNF-alpha level between the patients with threatened abortion and those with normal pregnancies (16.1 +/- 2.7 pg/mL vs. 10.9 +/- 0.8 pg/mL). The mean +/- SEM maternal serum IL-2 receptor level was significantly higher in patients with pathologic pregnancies than in those with normal pregnancies (506.2 +/- 27.6 U/mL vs. 426.5 +/- 22.4 U/mL). The mean +/- SEM maternal serum TNF-alpha level was significantly higher in patients with pathologic pregnancies than in those with threatened abortion (39.2 +/- 9.5 pg/mL vs. 16.1 +/- 2.7 pg/mL) and normal pregnancies (39.2 +/- 9.5 pg/mL vs. 10.9 +/- 0.8 pg/mL). CONCLUSION(S): In comparison with normal pregnancies, maternal serum IL-2 receptor and TNF-alpha levels were not significantly increased in patients with threatened abortion with good outcome.

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate maternal serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) levels in patients with preterm labor without clinical signs of chorioamnionitis and to compare these with levels in nonlaboring controls. STUDY DESIGN: The study group consisted of 44 patients with a singleton pregnancy admitted to our department with the diagnosis of preterm labor between 26 and 36 weeks' gestation. The control group consisted of 25 healthy consecutive patients with a singleton pregnancy without preterm contractions who were seen for routine antenatal visits. Maternal serum TNF alpha was measured using a solid-phase, two-site chemiluminescent enzyme immunometric assay method, and levels were compared in patients with preterm labor and nonlaboring controls. RESULTS: The median maternal serum TNF alpha level for patients with preterm labor was 29.4 pg/mL (range, 12.3-173) as compared with 23 pg/mL (range, 11.9-62.7) in the control group (P = .031). Among 44 patients with preterm labor, 14 (32%) delivered within one week of admission. The median maternal serum TNF alpha level was significantly higher in patients who delivered within one week than in those who delivered after one week and controls (71.3 pg/mL [range, 28-173]) versus 22 pg/mL (range, 12.3-86) versus 23 pg/mL (range, 11.9-62.7) (P < .0001). CONCLUSION: TNF alpha was elevated in patients with preterm labor, suggesting a role for maternal serum TNF alpha in its initiation.

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