RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To present our results for repair of unilateral vesicoureteral reflux in 76 children using a modified technique of detrusorrhaphy. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed for 76 children who underwent repair of unilateral vesicoureteral reflux by a modified technique of detrusorrhaphy. Of the 76 refluxing ureters, 12 were associated with historically refluxing contralateral ureters. In addition, 72/76 were grades II to IV; 4/76 grade V; three had a paraureteral diverticulum; four completely duplicated collecting systems; and two had associated ureteroceles. The surgical technique was modified to preserve both the obliterated umbilical artery and superior vesical pedicle and to minimize trigonal distortion through dissection lateral to the trigone in a direct path to the bladder neck. RESULTS: Seventy-five of 76 ureters were successfully repaired (99%). The remaining ureter showed initial improvement to grade I reflux and spontaneous resolution by 1 year. Obstruction did not occur. Three episodes of "new onset" contralateral vesicoureteral reflux were noted postoperatively. This represents a substantial decrease in incidence (3.9%) when compared with previously reported series (18%). CONCLUSION: Detrusorrhaphy is a reasonable treatment of unilateral vesicoureteral reflux with utility in the full range of anatomic associations. This approach is also associated with a lower incidence of new onset, contralateral reflux when compared with intravesical surgery.
Asunto(s)
Vejiga Urinaria/cirugía , Reflujo Vesicoureteral/cirugía , Adolescente , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Métodos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Five years ago, the use of preoperative chemotherapy for Wilms' tumor was adopted at this institution. Thirty children ranging in age from 5 months to 9 years had histologically confirmed Wilms' tumor (needle biopsy, n = 26; open biopsy, n = 4). Stage was determined by chest and abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan. Bilateral tumors were present in 6 children. All children received actinomycin D and vincristine from 3 weeks to 6 months before surgery. Seven children with bilateral tumors or stage IV disease also received adriamycin. CT-measured tumor masses shrunk in most cases. Subsequently, nephrectomy was performed in 23 patients and partial nephrectomy in 4, 2 of whom had bilateral disease. In 2 patients, residual bilateral well-differentiated epithelial tumor was not surgically resected. One child died before surgery. Reevaluation at delayed total or partial nephrectomy resulted in a downstaging of disease in 12 (41%). Further chemotherapy and radiation was based on the surgical stage. Postoperative chemotherapy (4 months to 2 years) was administered to all patients. The chest and/or abdomen were radiated in 12. Four patients (13%) died, 1 of radiation pneumonitis and 3 of the disease progression (2 with unfavorable histology, 1 of whom had bilateral disease). Two of 4 with unfavorable histology and 4 of 6 with stage IV disease have survived. It is concluded that this preoperative chemotherapy protocol is as effective as the National Wilms' Tumor Study (NWTS) protocol. The treated tumor is smaller, less friable, and easier to remove. Furthermore, because of downstaging, less radiation is necessary for cure.