RESUMEN
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this review is to highlight the most relevant studies since 1990 (to date) in the area of medicinal chemistry aspects to provide a panoramic view to the biologists/medicinal chemists working in this area and would assist them in their efforts to design, synthesize and extract (from natural source) coumarin-based anticonvulsant agents. Also, the structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies are also discussed for further rational design of this kind of derivatives. It is hoped that this review will be helpful for new thoughts in the quest for rational designs of more active and less toxic coumarin-based antiepileptic agents. METHODS: A literature review emphasizing the application of coumarin core as antiepileptic agents identify articles related to the topic; we performed a standardized search from 1990 to November 2021, using search engines like Scifinder, web of Science, Pubmed and Scopus. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: This review gives an overview of attempts to shed light and compile published reports on coumarin derivatives along with some opinions on different approaches to help the medicinal chemists in designing future generation potent yet safer anticonvulsant agents. The possible structure-activity relationships (SARs) will also be discussed to indicate the direction for the rational design of more effective candidates. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION: The findings from this review provide new indications or directions for the discovery of new and better drugs from synthetic and naturally occurring coumarins as antiepileptic agents. In our review, we have tried to depict the recent researches which made in the design and development of novel anticonvulsant compounds with coumarin nucleus. Also, SAR of expressed derivatives indicated that the choice of a fitting substitution containing electron-withdrawing/donating groups to coumarin or with some heterocyclic moieties joined to parent coumarin skeleton assumes an essential role in changing the anticonvulsant activity of synthesized derivatives. These findings encourage the scientific community towards the optimization of the pharmacological profile of this structural moiety as an important scaffold for the treatment of epilepsy.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos , Epilepsia , Anticonvulsivantes/farmacología , Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapéutico , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Química Farmacéutica/métodos , Cumarinas/química , Cumarinas/farmacología , Cumarinas/uso terapéutico , Epilepsia/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
Eventhough spiroheterocycles are considered as emerging drug candidates, synthesis of spiroaziridines has not been well explored so far. Herein, we disclose an efficient I2/TBHP mediated diastereoselective synthesis of N-alkyl spiroaziridines from primary amines and easily accessible α,ß-unsaturated ketones. The reaction is also compatible for the synthesis of 2-aroylaziridines.
RESUMEN
Among sulfur containing heterocycles, benzothiophene and its derivatives are at the focus as these candidates have structural similarities with active compounds to develop new potent lead molecules in drug design. Benzo[b]thiophene scaffold is one of the privileged structures in drug discovery as this core exhibits various biological activities allowing them to act as anti-microbial, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-tubercular, anti-diabetic, anti-convulsant agents and many more. Further, numerous benzothiophene-based compounds as clinical drugs have been extensively used to treat various types of diseases with high therapeutic potency, which has led to their extensive developments. Due to the wide range of biological activities of benzothiophene, their structure activity relationships (SAR) have generated interest among medicinal chemists, and this has culminated in the discovery of several lead molecules against numerous diseases. The present review is endeavoring to highlight the progress in the various pharmacological activities of benzo[b]thiophene derivatives. It is hoped that this review will be helpful for new thoughts in the quest for rational designs of more active and less toxic benzothiophene-based medicinal drugs, as well as more effective diagnostic agents and pathologic probes. Also, SAR studies that highlight the chemical groups responsible for evoking the potential activities of benzothiophene derivatives are studied and compared.
Asunto(s)
Tiofenos/farmacología , Animales , Química Farmacéutica , Enfermedad , Humanos , Estructura Molecular , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Tiofenos/síntesis química , Tiofenos/químicaRESUMEN
A new series of indole appended dihydronaphthalenone hybrid analogs (5a-t) have been synthesized through the Lewis acid catalyzed Michael addition of indoles to the arylidene/hetero arylidene ketones. All the synthesized derivatives are well characterized through the 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, HRMS spectroscopic techniques, compound 5r was further confirmed through single crystal X-ray analysis and screened for antibacterial and antitubercular activities. Among the synthesized compounds, the minimum inhibition concentration of 5l (against Escherichia coli) and 5o & 5p (against E. coli & Staphylococcus aureus) was found to be as low as 3.12 µg/ml as compared to the standard antibacterial drug ciprofloxacin 2.5 µg/ml. In antitubercular activity, compounds 5o and 5p with minimum inhibition concentration 6.25 µg/ml were found to be comparable with that of the drugs Pyrazinamide 5 µg/ml and Streptomycin 5 µg/ml. Compounds 5i, 5j, 5m, 5n, 5q, and 5r also showed promising activity against group of organisms tested.