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Morphometrical analysis of microtubules (MT) and coated vesicles (CV) was done on electron micrographs of the murine mammary gland sections at the final stages of functional maturation of secretory cells (SC), as well as at different stages of the cell secretory cycle (CSC). The results obtained allow to make the following conclusions: 1) dynamics of changes in the MT count in different subplasmalemmal cell compartments is similar, being directly associated with heterochronical character of CSC processes; 2) the maximum MT count in SC was seen during formation of the secretion product, this increase occurring at the expense of short MT, which are disassembled before and during exocytosis of secretory vesicle (SV) contents; 3) changes in the number of MT and CV are of similar character, which was revealed by morphometrical analysis of SC in the course of maturation. The number of MT and CV in SC increased rapidly and significantly on the 1st and 2nd days after parturition, compared to that observed 1-2 days before parturition. However, the number of MT and CV decreased by the 10th day of lactation, when the mammary secretory activity reached its maximum. Both correlation and regression statistical analyses made during the CSC development point to a linear relation between MT (x) and CV (y) numbers. Regression of y on x is: y = -0.89 + 12.43x. A hypothesis about the possibility of MT participation in CV and SV transport and in the formation of a barrier on the path leading to exocytosis of SV contents is suggested.

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Histological studies revealed that the mammary gland nipple have smooth muscle fibres along the nipple channel. These fibres infiltrate the connective tissue parallel to the skin. The ring muscles are not obvious. Delays in the milk excretion in mice may be due to specifics of allocation and functioning of the nipple smooth muscles. To obtain milk, a mechanical action upon the nipple and a synchronised release of oxitocin into the blood are necessary.

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Spontaneous and evoked biopotentials were recorded on the mammary gland surface in goats. The biopotentials appear in the course of secretion during milk ejection as well as under electrical, mechanical and hormonal actions. They might be considered as adequate indices of secretion and ejection processes in the mammary gland.

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By means of staining with base brown and toluidin blue mast cells were revealed in paraffine sections of the lactating albino mouse mammalian gland. The character of mast cells distribution in the gland tissue was studied, the distribution density was assessed and the complex morphometric analysis of the mast cells population in normal and 20 min, after administration of oxytocin, stimulating the milk elimination from the alveoli and the following secrete forming in the gland cells was performed. Under initial conditions of the experiment at the inhibition of the secretory process the mast cells degranulation index made 30% while after the administration of oxytocin in increased up to 52%. Correlation between the mast cells groups with the diverse extent of granule content in cytoplasm was changing. Thus, oxytocine effect appears to be the factor, influencing the mast cells population functional activity.

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The data on distribution of cholinesterase activity in smooth myocytes of the mammary ducts and in the tissue of normal and pathologically altered myometrium are presented. In the myometrium tumorous tissue, as demonstrate hystochemical investigation results, terminals of the nervous fibers are practically absent, while in the norm they are present in the intermuscular plexuses and accompany blood vessels. At the myomic alteration of the uterine smooth musculature, in myocytes a high enzymatic activity of the acetylcholine hydrolysis enzymes is revealed. An essentially activity of cholinesterases is found in the smooth myocytes of the mammary ducts. Participation of the acetylcholine hydrolysis and synthesis mechanisms in organization of rhythmic contractile activity is discussed.

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The light optic investigation has been performed on the 10th--15th days of lactation. The enzymatic activity has been determined by Burt method (1971). The product of histochemical reaction is revealed in the secretory cell and in the basal parts of the alveoli, that corresponds to location of myoepithelial cells. Localization of the reaction product in the secretory cells of the neighbouring alveoli is heterogeneous. The enzyme of acetylcholine synthesis is revealed along the course of single neural fibers included into the composition of the ileo-hypogastric nerve of the mammary gland. The results obtained, together with the data of certain physiological investigations make it possible to substantiate participation of the cholinergic mechanism in the alveolar cells activity and consider participation of the cholinergic process in intercellular interactions, that ensure functional conjugation of myoepithelial and secretory cells.

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A light optic investigation on localization of alkaline phosphatase activity in the cellular elements of the mammary gland alveoli has been performed in white mice on the 10th-15th days of lactation. The enzymatic activity is revealed by means of Padicula--German calcium--cobalt method. The density of the histochemical reaction product in sections is estimated spectrophotometrically (plug-method), the index of the cellular height (the height of the cell to its width ratio) is appreciated as the index demonstrating the functional state of the secretory epithelium. In secretory and myoepithelial cells of the alveoli the reaction product is noted to deposit with various intensity. An increasing enzymatic activity in the secretory cells is observed at initial stages of the secretory cycle.

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Cholinesterase (ChE) localization in the alveolar compartment of the mammary gland has been studied by light microscopy and ultrahistochemical methods. The product of reaction to ChE is associated with micropinocytotic vesicles of the capillar endothelium and myoepithelial cells, separate nerve terminals in interalveolar connective tissue and perivascular nerve terminals. In secretory cells, the ChE activity is revealed in the sites of fat droplet and on the membranes of endoplasmatic reticulum.

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