RESUMEN
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most frequent neurodegenerative disease within dementias, affects the CNS, leading to gradual memory issues and cognitive dysfunction. Oxidative stress in AD contributes to ongoing neuronal loss and hastens disease progression. Notably, the potent antioxidant compounds morin and hesperidin have demonstrated significant effectiveness in addressing oxidative stress. This study explores the impact of morin and hesperidin on behavior and oxidative stress in the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced AD rat model. The experiment involved five groups: control, STZ, STZ+morin, STZ+hesperidin, and STZ+morin+hesperidin. The rat model of AD was created by injecting STZ with the stereotaxic surgery. Morin and hesperidin were applied to the groups for 7-days. After the applications, the Morris water maze (MWM) and novel object recognition (NOR) tests were used and the rats were sacrificed. Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NOx), and protein carbonyl (PC) levels were measured. In the STZ group, the levels of NOx and PC exhibited a noteworthy increase compared to the control. Conversely, the application of morin and/or hesperidin treatments reduced NOx and PC levels compared to the STZ group. The co-administration of morin and hesperidin improved the antioxidant status and decreased lipid peroxidation in STZ-induced rats. In the STZ group, serum advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) levels were statistically elevated compared to the control. However, in the treatment groups, morin and/or hesperidin successfully decreased AOPP levels to those observed in the control. The combined use of these flavonoids may have a neuroprotective effect regarding memory problems and decreasing oxidative/nitrosative stress.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de Alzheimer , Antioxidantes , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Flavonoides , Hesperidina , Estrés Nitrosativo , Estrés Oxidativo , Estreptozocina , Animales , Hesperidina/farmacología , Hesperidina/administración & dosificación , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/tratamiento farmacológico , Flavonoides/farmacología , Flavonoides/administración & dosificación , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Estreptozocina/farmacología , Masculino , Ratas , Estrés Nitrosativo/efectos de los fármacos , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/administración & dosificación , Ratas Wistar , Glutatión/metabolismo , Malondialdehído/metabolismo , Memoria/efectos de los fármacos , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Reconocimiento en Psicología/efectos de los fármacos , Aprendizaje por Laberinto/efectos de los fármacos , Trastornos de la Memoria/tratamiento farmacológico , Trastornos de la Memoria/metabolismo , FlavonasRESUMEN
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia that occurs in the brain. This is a chronic neurodegenerative disease which is valid in 60-70% of all dementia patients. Boron, regarded as a potential antioxidant, has the effect of reducing oxidative stress. Taurine, as one of the thiol-containing amino acids, exists at different concentrations in both the neurons and glial cells of the central nervous system. It plays an important role in the protective and adjuvant therapies as an antioxidant due to its characteristics of maintaining the oxidant-antioxidant balance of the body as well as cell integrity and increasing body resistance. Based on this information, our objective was to reveal the effect of boron alone, taurine alone plus co-administration of taurine and boron application on brain tissue protein carbonyls (PC) and serum advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) levels in the experimental Alzheimer's model. For this purpose, 5 groups were formed in our study which consisted of 30 Wistar albino male rats. The rats were given a single dose of STZ stereotaxically. At the end of this period, the rats were decapitated, plus their brain tissues and blood were removed. Our findings suggested that taurine alone and co-administration of boron and taurine had a decreasing effect on AOPP and PC levels of the experimental Alzheimer model of the rats.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de Alzheimer , Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas , Ratas , Animales , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Taurina/farmacología , Productos Avanzados de Oxidación de Proteínas/metabolismo , Productos Avanzados de Oxidación de Proteínas/farmacología , Ratas Wistar , Boro/farmacología , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Carbonilación Proteica , Estrés OxidativoRESUMEN
Although 2,4-DNP is claimed to promote fast weight reduction, it is also related with an intolerable high risk of serious side effects to various tissues. On the other hand, it is known to have neuroprotective effects. These different effects of 2,4-DNP may be due to the administration conditions. For this reason, in this study, it was aimed for the first time to clarify the oxidative changes that occur in the brain during the use of 2,4-DNP, depending on the dose, time and gender. For this purpose, 60 Wistar rats (30 male, 30 female) were divided into ten groups: control groups, short-term/long-term groups and low dose/high dose groups. Except for the control groups, 2,4-DNP was administered to the other groups by oral gavage. End of the experiment, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARs), glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NOx) and ascorbic acid (AA) levels were measured in the brain tissues of sacrificed animals. 2,4-DNP administration showed attenuation impact on oxidative stress depending on both dose, time and gender. It can be said that it is more beneficial in terms of neuroprotection, especially in the short-term and male groups. In conclusion, our findings suggest that, depending on the dose, time, and gender, 2,4-DNP may be beneficial in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
Asunto(s)
2,4-Dinitrofenol , Estrés Oxidativo , Ratas , Animales , Masculino , Femenino , 2,4-Dinitrofenol/farmacología , Ratas Wistar , Factores Sexuales , Glutatión/metabolismo , Sustancias Reactivas al Ácido TiobarbitúricoRESUMEN
As stated in many ethnobotany studies, Potentilla genus is traditionally used in the treatment of wound healing. In this study, we aimed to investigate to time-course effects of the methanolic extract of Potentilla erecta (P. erecta) (MEPE) on diabetic wounds. The subject of the experiments was 36 Wistar rats, divided into three main groups: non-diabetic control (NDM), diabetic control (STZ-DM), and P. erecta-treated (MEPE). Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (STZ). Full-thickness excisional skin wounds were opened in rats. The wounds were treated with P. erecta root extract in the MEPE groups. The wound area, wound contraction rate, collagen, thiobarbituric-acid reactive substances (TBARs), nitric oxide (NOx), and glutathione (GSH) levels in wound tissue were determined for the evaluation of the wound healing on days 0, 3 and 7. Phenolic compounds of MEPE were determined by RP-HPLC-UV. The antioxidant properties were spectrophotometrically determined and the antibacterial properties were tested using the microwell-dilution method. Our results demonstrated that MEPE significantly increased wound contraction rate compared to the STZ-DM group on days 3 and 7. MEPE treated rats showed a statistical increase in the levels of NOx, GSH, collagen and a statistical decrease in the levels of TBARs. Our results, for the first time, may indicate that P. erecta root extract improves and accelerates diabetic wound healing and also alters oxidative events.
RESUMEN
Oxybutynin is an important anticholinergic agent that prevents uncontrolled contractions in the treatment of overactive bladder (OAB). However, drugs containing oxybutynin have significant side effects such as dry eyes, dry mouth, increased heart rate, constipation, blurred vision, and confusion. In recent years, new delivery methods for this agent are being searched. One of them is vaginal delivery. In this study, we aimed to compare the effects of oxybutynin on oxidative parameters in the potential target tissues of the oral and vaginal delivery. Female New Zealand white rabbits (n=12) were divided into two groups: oral delivery and vaginal delivery. The animals were sacrificed 48 h after administration and nitric oxide (NOx), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARs), and glutathione (GSH) levels were determined spectrophotometrically in the aorta, salivary gland, and small intestine tissue samples. Vaginal delivery significantly decreased NOx levels in all tissue samples as compared to oral delivery (p < 0.05). Moreover, it reduced TBARs levels in salivary gland and aorta tissue samples (p < 0.05). In the light on these findings, it can be said that vaginal delivery may decrease the oxidant-induced side effects of oxybutynin as compared to oral delivery.
RESUMEN
The reasons that cause delay in wound healing in diabetes are a decrease in the level of growth factors secretion, an increase in the destruction of growth factors and in oxidative stress. Platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) is one of the important growth factors that play a role in all phases of wound healing. This study investigates time-dependent effects of topically PDGF-BB administration on oxidative events on the healing of dorsolateral-excisional wounds in diabetic rats. Forty-two female Wistar-albino rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes were divided into four groups: control group, untreated group, chitosan-treated group, chitosan + PDGF-BB-treated group. Two identical full-thickness excisional skin wounds were made under anaesthesia in all rats except for the control group. In the PDGF-BB-treated and chitosan-treated groups, the wounds were treated topically PDGF-BB (7 ng/mL, single daily dose) and blank chitosan gel (equal amount) after wounding, respectively. After these administrations, on day 3 and day 7 of wound healing, rats were sacrificed. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, glutathione, nitric oxide, ascorbic acid levels, and superoxide dismutase activity in wound tissues were spectrophotometrically measured. PDGF-BB administration significantly increased TBARS levels and non-enzymatic antioxidant levels in early phase of diabetic wound healing. PDGF-BB dramatically reduced NOx levels on day 3 and sharply increased NOx levels on day 7 of wound healing. Consequently, PDGF-BB administration can be effective on oxidative balance in the early phase of diabetic wound healing.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-sis/administración & dosificación , Cicatrización de Heridas/efectos de los fármacos , Administración Tópica , Animales , Ácido Ascórbico/metabolismo , Becaplermina , Femenino , Glutatión/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Ratas Wistar , Piel/patología , Piel/fisiopatología , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Sustancias Reactivas al Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismoRESUMEN
Endotoxin has been known to cause the formation and damage of free radical. The importance of boron for human life is increasing each passing day, and its consuming fields are continuing to expand due to the advances in science and technology. Therefore, in our study, we intended to investigate into the effects of boron on liver tissue oxidative events. Eighteen male Wistar albino rats were randomly separated into three equal groups in the experiments; control group, boron + endotoxin group, and endotoxin group. Dissolved in distilled water, boric acid (100 mg/kg) was administered to boron + endotoxin group via gavage procedure for 28 days. Only distilled water was administered to control and endotoxin groups via gavage procedure for 28 days. Then 4 mg/kg endotoxin (LPS; Escherichia coli 0111:B4) was intraperitoneally (ip) administered to boron + endotoxin and endotoxin groups on the 28th day. Sterile saline was injected into control group on the 28th day (ip). Malondialdehyde (MDA), which is the end product of lipid peroxidation in liver tissues, protein carbonyl compounds (PC), which are protein oxidization markers, and glutathione (GSH) levels were measured spectrophotometrically. The results were compared with Mann-Whitney U test. When boron + endotoxin group is compared with endotoxin group, PC levels of endotoxin group showed a significant increase. When GSH levels are compared, GSH level in boron + endotoxin group decreased according to endotoxin group. Variations among all groups in MDA levels were found to be statistically insignificant. We are of the opinion that endotoxin affects the proteins by forming free radicals, and boron may also cause the structural and/or functional changes in proteins in order to protect proteins from oxidization.
Asunto(s)
Boro/farmacología , Endotoxemia/metabolismo , Glutatión/metabolismo , Hígado/metabolismo , Malondialdehído/metabolismo , Carbonilación Proteica/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Endotoxemia/inducido químicamente , Humanos , Lipopolisacáridos/toxicidad , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to show the effects of probiotic supplementation on systemic and intestinal oxidant-antioxidant events in splenectomized rats. METHODS: Male rats were divided into control (group 1) and splenectomized (group 2) groups, and after splenectomy, some rats were given Lactobacillus delbruckii subsp. bulgaricus (highest amount of extracellular polysaccharides, 211 mg/l) for 7 days (group 3) or were given the treatment for 7 days before and 7 days after splenectomy (group 4). The plasma and small intestine tissue thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), sulfhydryl group, glutathione, ascorbic acid, and nitric oxide metabolites (NO x ) levels were determined by a spectrophotometer. RESULTS: We found increased TBARS levels in both the plasma and small intestine in the splenectomized rats compared to controls. L. delbruckii subsp. bulgaricus supplementation decreased the TBARS levels in the plasma in the splenectomized rats. In this study, the plasma TBARS and NO x levels were decreased by L. delbruckii subsp. bulgaricus supplementation after or both after and before splenectomy (groups 3 and 4). CONCLUSIONS: Together, these data suggest that. L. delbruckii subsp. bulgaricus supplementation is beneficial for decreasing lipid peroxidation and enhancing the antioxidant capacity of systemic and intestinal tissue in splenectomized rats.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Suplementos Dietéticos , Intestino Delgado/metabolismo , Intestino Delgado/microbiología , Lactobacillus delbrueckii , Probióticos/farmacología , Esplenectomía , Sustancias Reactivas al Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismo , Animales , Ácido Ascórbico/metabolismo , Femenino , Glutatión/metabolismo , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Espectrofotometría , Compuestos de Sulfhidrilo/metabolismo , Tiobarbitúricos/sangre , Tiobarbitúricos/metabolismoRESUMEN
Taurine is a sulfur-containing ß-amino acid that is found in milimolar concentrations in most mammalian tissues and plasma. It was shown to have cytoprotective effects in many in vitro and in vivo studies and these actions are often attributed to an antioxidant mechanism. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of acute taurine administration on endotoxin-induced oxidative and nitrosative stress in brain. Fourty adult male guinea pigs were divided into four groups: control, taurine, endotoxemia, and endotoxemia + taurine. Taurine (300 mg/kg), lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 4 mg/kg), or taurine plus LPS was administered intraperitoneally. After 6 h of incubation, when highest blood levels of taurine and endotoxin were attained, the animals were killed and brain tissue samples were collected. 3-Nitrotyrosine (3-NT), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and taurine levels were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography methods. LPS administration significantly increased 3-NT, 8-OHdG levels, and dramatically reduced taurine concentrations in brain tissue compared to control group. The groups in which taurine was administered alone or with LPS, contradiction to well-known antioxidant effect, taurine caused elevated concentrations of 3-NT and 8-OHdG compared to both control and endotoxemia groups. In conclusion, endotoxemia leads to tyrosine nitration and DNA base modification that can be assessed by 3-NT and 8-OHdG, respectively. Taurine did not exhibit any antioxidant effect; moreover, it may contribute to neuronal damage at this dose. Thus, we can suggest that lower dose of taurine administration may be benefial for neuronal protection or adversely taurine administration may have toxic effect at all doses.
Asunto(s)
Encéfalo/metabolismo , Desoxiguanosina/análogos & derivados , Endotoxemia/metabolismo , Taurina/farmacología , Tirosina/análogos & derivados , 8-Hidroxi-2'-Desoxicoguanosina , Animales , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Desoxiguanosina/metabolismo , Cobayas , Lipopolisacáridos/inmunología , Masculino , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Distribución Aleatoria , Taurina/uso terapéutico , Tirosina/metabolismoRESUMEN
Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) is a free sulfur-containing ß-amino acid which has antioxidant, antiinflammatory and detoxificant properties. In the present study, the role of endotoxemia on peroxynitrite formation via 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) detection, and the possible antioxidant effect of taurine in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated guinea pigs were aimed. 40 adult male guinea pigs were divided into four groups; control, endotoxemia, taurine and taurine+endotoxemia. Animals were administered taurine (300 mg/kg), LPS (4 mg/kg) or taurine plus LPS intraperitoneally. After 6 h of incubation, when highest blood levels of taurine and endotoxin were attained, the animals were sacrificed and spleen samples were collected. The amounts of 3-nitrotyrosine and taurine were measured by HPLC, and reactive nitrogen oxide species (NOx) which are stable end products of nitric oxide was measured spectrophotometrically in spleen tissues. LPS administration significantly decreased the concentration of taurine whilst increased levels of 3-NT and NOx compared with control group. It was determined that taurine treatment decreased the levels of 3-nitrotyrosine and NOx in taurine+endotoxemia group. The group in which taurine was administered alone, contradiction to well-known antioxidant effect, taurine caused elevated concentration of 3-NT and NOx. This data suggest that taurine protects spleen against oxidative damage in endotoxemic conditions. However, the effect of taurine is different when it is administered alone. In conclusion, taurine may act as an antioxidant during endotoxemia, and as a prooxidant in healthy subjects at this dose.
Asunto(s)
Endotoxemia/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Bazo/efectos de los fármacos , Taurina/uso terapéutico , Tirosina/análogos & derivados , Animales , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Endotoxemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Cobayas , Lipopolisacáridos , Masculino , Bazo/metabolismo , Taurina/administración & dosificación , Tirosina/metabolismoRESUMEN
Continuous and intermittent 50 Hz, 1.5 mT magnetic field with the exposure period of 4 h/day for 4 days was used to investigate its possible effect on adult guinea pigs. Tissues and plasma specimens were assessed by biochemical parameters. Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO) levels and myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) were examined in plasma, liver and brain tissues. All parameters were determined by spectrophotometer. While intermittent magnetic field was effective on plasma lipid peroxidation, continuous magnetic field was found to be effective on plasma MPO activity and NO levels. Augmentation of lipid peroxidation was also observed in liver tissue both intermittent and continuous magnetic field exposures. These results indicate that both the intermittent and continuous magnetic field exposures affect various tissues in a distinct manner because of having different tissue antioxidant status and responses.
Asunto(s)
Peroxidación de Lípido , Magnetismo , Animales , Glutatión/sangre , Glutatión/metabolismo , Cobayas , Masculino , Malondialdehído/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/sangre , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Peroxidasa/sangre , Peroxidasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been used as a vulnerary agent. Epidermal growth factor accelerates wound healing. Nitric oxide (NO) is considered to be an important factor which is involved in wound healing. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of interactions between exogenous EGF and NOx which may have either similar or quite opposed properties in the process of oral wound repair on different days. In addition, lipid peroxidation was found to be an indicator of free radical damage. METHODS: Five-month-old New Zealand albino male rabbits were used for this study. A surgical incision was made in the right mandibula diestema region of the rabbits, which were then divided into controls and EGF implanted groups. All parameters were analyzed by spectrophotometry. RESULTS: In the EGF-implanted groups, both the NOx and lipid peroxidation indicator levels significantly decreased in comparison to those of the control groups on the first day after wounding. However, on the 3rd and 5th days after wounding, the NOx levels of the tissue strips also decreased in both modalities, but there was no significant alteration between the 3rd and 5th day after wounding. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that EGF affects oral wound healing by downregulating both the lipid peroxidation and NOx levels, and it may thus be considered to be an oxygen radical scavenger.
Asunto(s)
Factor de Crecimiento Epidérmico/administración & dosificación , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Úlceras Bucales , Cicatrización de Heridas/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Implantes de Medicamentos , Estudios de Seguimiento , Masculino , Microesferas , Mucosa Bucal/metabolismo , Mucosa Bucal/patología , Úlceras Bucales/tratamiento farmacológico , Úlceras Bucales/metabolismo , Úlceras Bucales/patología , Conejos , Espectrofotometría , Sustancias Reactivas al Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The effect of taurine on the plasma levels of L-arginine, asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) and L-arginine/ADMA ratio and nitric oxide was investigated in experimental endotoxemia. L-arginine and ADMA levels were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector. Nitric oxide level was measured with spectrophotometric method. All experiments were performed with four groups (control, taurine, endotoxemia, taurine plus endotoxin) of 10 guinea pigs. After the endotoxin was administrated (4 mg/kg) ADMA level increased, nitric oxide level did not change but L-arginine level and L-arginine/ADMA ratio decreased. When taurine was administrated (300 mg/kg) no effect on ADMA and nitric oxide levels was observed compared to the endotoxemia group. But it was increased the L-arginine/ADMA ratio. Taurine may offer an advantage in because of it increases the reduced L-arginine/ADMA ratio.
Asunto(s)
Arginina/análogos & derivados , Arginina/sangre , Endotoxemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Endotoxinas/farmacología , Óxido Nítrico/sangre , Taurina/farmacología , Animales , Cobayas , Masculino , Modelos AnimalesRESUMEN
The aim of this investigation was to determine whether pre-administration of vitamin A will be effective in preventing the radiation-induced decline in MPO-H2O2 system and the end product of reactive nitrogen species (NOx) in guinea pig. Animals were subjected to 612 cG of radiation and polimorfonuclear leukocytes were isolated and then NOx and myeloperoxidase activity were measured. In irradiated animals, a marked decrease in NOx level and myeloperoxidase activity have been found compared to control (p = 0.001 and p < 0.000 respectively). The application of vitamin A significantly improved the radiation-induced decrease (for both p < 0.00). In conclusion pre-treatment of vitamin A is efficient to protect against radiation induced alteration in polimorfonuclear leukocyte.
Asunto(s)
Neutrófilos/efectos de los fármacos , Vitamina A/farmacología , Animales , Femenino , Cobayas , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/metabolismo , Masculino , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Neutrófilos/efectos de la radiación , Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Vitaminas/farmacologíaRESUMEN
The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether vitamin C supplementation during chronic exercise training alters rat brain antioxidant content. Female Wistar albino rats were exercised on a treadmill for 30 min/day for 6.5 weeks and were administered daily intraperitoneal injections of vitamin C (20 mg/kg). After the training period, chronically exercised rats showed no significant changes in total brain thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels. In contrast, rats supplemented with vitamin C during the training period showed significantly elevated brain TBARS levels. If such results were extrapolated to man, where vitamin supplementation is a common practice, this would indicate that vitamin C supplementation may not protect brain tissue against exercise-induced oxidative damage, in such circumstances, this water-soluble antioxidant behaves as a pro-oxidant.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Ácido Ascórbico/administración & dosificación , Ácido Ascórbico/farmacología , Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Suplementos Dietéticos , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Condicionamiento Físico Animal/fisiología , Animales , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Femenino , Glutatión/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Sustancias Reactivas al Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismoRESUMEN
Iloprost, a stable analogue of prostacyclin, was used to reverse the early period of vasoconstriction provoked by Endothelin-1 by administering into the rabbit basilar artery. We observed if this produced an effect on the central nervous system parenchyma mediated by free radical system. The red neurons were counted in brain stem sections stained with haematoxylin and eosin, while superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde levels were measured in brain stem tissue samples as a marker of reactive oxygen metabolites; both 30 and 90 min after administration of either Endothelin-1 (0.25 ng) alone or Endothelin-1 followed by Iloprost (0.5 microg/kg) into the basilar artery. Endothelin-1 significantly increased the number of red neurons, while Iloprost significantly reduced them after 30 and 90 min. However, regarding the reactive oxygen metabolites; a similar reversing effect of Iloprost was not observed although superoxide dismutase levels were significantly decreased after Endothelin-1 infusion.
Asunto(s)
Tronco Encefálico/metabolismo , Endotelina-1/administración & dosificación , Radicales Libres/metabolismo , Iloprost/administración & dosificación , Vasoconstricción/efectos de los fármacos , Vasodilatadores/administración & dosificación , Animales , Arteria Basilar , Química Encefálica , Inyecciones Intraarteriales , Malondialdehído/análisis , Neuronas/metabolismo , Conejos , Superóxido Dismutasa/análisisRESUMEN
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Free oxygen radicals are involved in inflammatory skin reactions induced by ultraviolet B (UVB). In this study, the effect of a herbal antioxidant Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) was investigated in UVB irradiated mice skin. METHODS: The study was carried out on four groups of mice (n = 6 in each group). The first group was a control group (G1). The second group (G2) was only exposed to acute UVB irradiation. The third group (G3) received 100 mg/kg/day of EGb 761 orally for 5 days before UVB irradiation and the fourth group (G4) was given only a single dose of EGb 761 immediately after UVB irradiation. Eighteen hours after exposing to UVB, lipid peroxide levels, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were studied and UVB damage was evaluated histopathologically according to "sun-burn cell count". RESULTS: The SOD activities and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in G2, G3 and G4 were found to be decreased significantly when compared with G1 (P < 0.05). The SOD activities of G3 and G4 were higher when compared with G2 (P < 0.05). The number of sunburn cells (SBCs) was the highest in G2. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that EGb 761 may have an important effect, both as a protective and therapeutic agent, in sunburn after UVB irradiation.