RESUMEN
McArdle's disease or myophosphorylase deficiency is one of the most common muscle glycogenoses and typically presents in childhood or adolescence with exercise intolerance, myalgia, myoglobinuria, and cramps in exercising muscle. We describe an elderly man who developed asymmetric proximal arm weakness at age 73. He had no history of exercise-induced cramps, myalgias, or myoglobinuria. Creatine kinase levels were elevated, serum lactate did not rise on ischemic exercise testing, and muscle biopsy showed a vacuolar myopathy with absent myophosphorylase activity. This unusual case demonstrates that McArdle's disease may present with fixed, asymmetric proximal weakness at an advanced age and should be considered in this clinical setting, especially when a history of poor exercise tolerance can be elicited.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad del Almacenamiento de Glucógeno Tipo V/diagnóstico , Enfermedad del Almacenamiento de Glucógeno Tipo V/fisiopatología , Debilidad Muscular , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Brazo , Lateralidad Funcional , Enfermedad del Almacenamiento de Glucógeno Tipo V/patología , Humanos , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/patología , Sarcolema/patología , Sarcolema/ultraestructura , Vacuolas/patología , Vacuolas/ultraestructuraRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Chronic sensory-predominant polyneuropathy (PN) is a common clinical problem confronting neurologists. Even with modern diagnostic approaches, many of these PNs remain unclassified. OBJECTIVE: To better define the clinical and laboratory characteristics of a large group of patients with cryptogenic sensory polyneuropathy (CSPN) evaluated in 2 university-based neuromuscular clinics. DESIGN: Medical record review of patients evaluated for PN during a 2-year period. We defined CSPN on the basis of pain, numbness, and tingling in the distal extremities without symptoms of weakness. Sensory symptoms and signs had to evolve for at least 3 months in a roughly symmetrical pattern. Identifiable causes of PN were excluded by history, physical examination findings, and results of laboratory studies. We analyzed clinical and laboratory data from patients with CSPN and compared findings in patients with and without pain. RESULTS: Of 402 patients with PN, 93 (23.1%) had CSPN and stable to slowly progressive PN syndrome. These patients presented with a mean age of 63.2 years and a mean duration of symptoms of 62.9 months. Symptoms almost always started in the feet and included distal numbness or tingling in 86% of patients and pain in 72% of patients. Despite the absence of motor symptoms at presentation, results of motor nerve conduction studies were abnormal in 60% of patients, and electromyographic evidence of denervation was observed in 70% of patients. Results of laboratory studies were consistent with axonal degeneration. Patients with and without pain were similar regarding physical findings and laboratory test abnormalities. Only a few patients (<5%) had no evidence of large-fiber dysfunction on physical examination or electrophysiologic studies. All 66 patients who had follow-up examinations (mean, 12.5 months) remained ambulatory. CONCLUSIONS: Cryptogenic sensory polyneuropathy is a common, slowly progressive neuropathy that begins in late adulthood and causes limited motor impairment. Isolated small-fiber involvement is uncommon in this group of patients. Management should focus on rational pharmacotherapy of neuropathic pain combined with reassurance of CSPN's benign clinical course.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Periférico/fisiopatología , Polineuropatías/fisiopatología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Electromiografía , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neuronas Motoras/patología , Conducción Nerviosa , Dolor/etiología , Manejo del Dolor , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Periférico/diagnóstico , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Periférico/terapia , Polineuropatías/diagnóstico , Polineuropatías/terapia , Pronóstico , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
An infant girl was demonstrated to have D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria, the fifth case described and the first with muscle biopsy of this rare organic aciduria that differs clinically and genetically from the more common L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria. Her clinical features included mildly dysmorphic facies, developmental delay, generalized hypotonia, myoclonic seizures, cortical blindness, and dilated cardiomyopathy requiring treatment. Muscle biopsy demonstrated only excessive glycogen histochemically, but ultrastructural examination revealed subsarcolemmal cylindrical spirals and normal mitochondria. Because of the metabolism of D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria, we regard valproic acid as contraindicated in the treatment of epilepsy in this disease.