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Objectif.La tuberculose pulmonaire (TBP)continue d'être une cause majeure de morbidité et de mortalité dans le monde. La présente étude consistaità évaluer le diagnostic clinique de la radiographie pulmonaire et la résistance à la rifampicine, des patients admis en urgence et suspect de TBP dans l'Hôpital provincial de Bongor. Population et méthodes. Nous avons effectué une étude prospective observationnelledans le service des urgences de l'Hôpital provincial de Bongorde janvier à décembre 2021. Tous les patients suspects de tuberculose et acceptant de participer à cette étude étaient éligibles. La radiographie pulmonaire et le GeneXpert MTB/RIF ontservi d'outils pourdiagnostiquer et tester la sensibilité de la tuberculose à la rifampicine. Les données recueillies ont été saisies et analysées à l'aide Le logiciel IBM SPSS Statistics version 22. Résultats. Parmi les484 patientsqui ont été inclus dans cette étude, 80 avaient une tuberculose pulmonaire dont 53 (66,25%) hommes et 27 (33,75%) femmes.L'âge moyen des patients était de 43,33 ± 15,35 ans; la médiane était de 43,5 ans avec des extrêmes de 10 et 73 ans. Àla radiographie, les infiltrats représentaient 50 (62,50%)es cas,suivis des cavernes 30 (37,50%). Par ailleurs, 51 cas (63,75%) étaient sensibles à la rifampicine et 29 (36,25%) résistants.Conclusion. La progression de la tuberculose avec la résistance à la rifampicine est une situation préoccupante dans la Province du Mayo-Kébbi/Est

Objective. Tuberculosis is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The present study was aimed to report the clinical diagnosis of chest X-ray and resistance to rifampicin, of patients admitted urgently and suspected of TBP in the Provincial Hospital of Bongor. Population and methods. We conducted a prospective observational in the Emergency Department in the Provincial Hospital of Bongor study from January to December 2021. All patients suspected of tuberculosis and agreeing to participate inthis study were eligible. Chest x-ray and GeneXpert MTB/RIF were used to diagnose and test the susceptibility of tuberculosis to rifampicin. The data were entered and analyzed using software IBM SPSS Statistics version 22. Results. Out of484 patients who were included in this study, 80 had pulmonary tuberculosis, including 53 (66.25%) men and 27 (33.75%) women. The average age of the patients was 43.33 ± 15.35 years; the median was 43.5 years with extremes of 10 and 73 years. On chest x-ray, infiltrates accounted for 50 (62.50%) of the cases followed by caverns 30 (37.50%). Moreover, 51 (63.75%) were sensitiveto rifampicin and 29 (36.25%) resistant. Conclusion: The increase in tuberculosis with resistance to rifampicin is a worrying situation in the Province of Mayo-Kébbi/Est

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BACKGROUND: Terminalia mantaly is used in Cameroon traditional medicine to treat malaria and related symptoms. However, its antiplasmodial efficacy is still to be established. OBJECTIVES: The present study is aimed at evaluating the in vitro and in vivo antiplasmodial activity and the oral acute toxicity of the Terminalia mantaly extracts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Extracts were prepared from leaves and stem bark of T. mantaly, by maceration in distilled water, methanol, ethanol, dichloromethane (DCM), and hexane. All extracts were initially screened in vitro against the chloroquine-resistant strain W2 of P. falciparum to confirm its in vitro activity, and the most potent one was assessed in malaria mouse model at three concentrations (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/bw). Biochemical, hematological, and histological parameters were also determined. RESULTS: Overall, 7 extracts showed in vitro antiplasmodial activity with IC50 ranging from 0.809 µg/mL to 5.886 µg/mL. The aqueous extract from the stem bark of T. mantaly (Tmsbw) was the most potent (IC50 = 0.809 µg/mL) and was further assessed for acute toxicity and efficacy in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. Tmsbw was safe in mice with a median lethal dose (LD50) higher than 2000 mg/kg of body weight. It also exerted a good antimalarial efficacy in vivo with ED50 of 69.50 mg/kg and had no significant effect on biochemical, hematological, and histological parameters. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the stem bark extract of T. mantaly possesses antimalarial activity.

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BACKGROUND: The combined efforts to combat outdoor/indoor transmission of malaria parasites are hampered by the emerging vector resistance in a wide variety of malaria-endemic settings of Africa and the rest of the world, stressing the need for alternative control measures. This study aimed at documenting insect's repellent plant species used by indigenous populations of 6 localities of East, South, West and Centre regions of Cameroon. METHODS: Information was gathered through face-to-face interviews guided by a semi-structured questionnaire on the knowledge of medicinal plants with insect repellent properties. RESULTS: A total of 182 informants aged from 25 to 75 years were recruited by convenience from May to June 2015. The informants had general knowledge about insects' repellent plants (78.6%). A total of 16 plant species were recorded as insects' repellents with 50% being trees. The most cited plants were Canarium schweinfurthii (Burseraceae) (in four localities, 58/182), Elaeis guineensis (Arecaceae) (in three localities, 38/182), Chromolaena odorata (Compositae) (16/182) and Citrus limon (Rutaceae) (11/182) in two localities each. Among the repellent plant species recorded, 50% were reported to be burnt to produce in-house smokes, 31.2% were mashed and applied on the body, and 18.8% were hung in the houses. The leaf was the most commonly used plant part (52.9%), followed by the bark (17.6%). CONCLUSIONS: This study has shown that rural populations of the 6 targeted localities possess indigenous knowledge on repellent plants that are otherwise cost-effective and better choice for repelling insects including malaria-transmitting mosquitoes. Meanwhile, such practices should be validated experimentally and promoted as sustainable malaria transmission control tools in the remotely located communities.

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BACKGROUND: Cancer has become a global public health problem and the search for new control measures is urgent. Investigation of plant products such as essential oils from Monodora myristica, Xylopia aethiopica and Xylopia parviflora might lead to new anticancer therapy. In this study, we have investigated the antineoplastic activity of essential oils from fruits of these plants growing in Chad and Cameroon. METHODS: The essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of fruits of Monodora myristica, Xylopia aethiopica and Xylopia parviflora collected in Chad and Cameroon were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS and investigated for their antiproliferative activity against the breast cancer cell line (MCF7). RESULTS: Overall, monoterpenes were mostly found in the six essential oils. Oils from X. aethiopica and X. parviflora from Chad and Cameroon mainly contain ß-pinene at 24.6%, 28.2%, 35.7% and 32.9% respectively. Monodora myristica oils from both origins contain mainly α-phellandrene at 52.7% and 67.1% respectively. The plant origin did not significantly influence the chemical composition of oils. The six essential oils exerted cytotoxic activity against cancer (MCF-7) and normal cell lines (ARPE-19), with more pronounced effect on neoplastic cells in the majority of cases. The highest selectivity was obtained with the essential oils of X. parviflora from Chad and Cameroon (5.87 and 5.54) which were more cytotoxic against MCF-7 than against normal cell line (ARPE-19) with IC50 values of 0.155 µL/mL and 0.166 µL/mL respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Essential oils from fruits of Monodora myristica, Xylopia aethiopica and Xylopia parviflora have shown acceptable antineoplastic potency, and might be investigated further in this regard.

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ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Malaria endemic countries have vital resources that are medicinal plants on which their traditional medicines depend. In some Cameroonian settings, in addition to the commonly used potions from plants like Alstonia boonei, Zanthoxylum macrophylla and Mangifera indica, other herbal species are being increasingly used to treat malaria. So, specialized traditional healers have developed alternative reasonably priced therapies, relying on the signs and/or symptoms of malaria. Within this framework, Annonaceae plants were found to be increasingly utilized and therefore, highlighting the need to document this traditional knowledge for better malaria control. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Interview approach was used to document indigenous knowledge, usage customs and practices of Annonaceae species in the treatment of malaria in four Cameroonian areas (Yaoundé and its surroundings, Ngoyang, Kon-Yambetta and Mbalmayo). RESULTS: A total of 19/30 users of plants accepted to share their experiences during a semi-structured survey. Twelve of the respondents were men and seven were women. Thirty recipes based on twenty-one plants were recorded. CONCLUSION: Annickia chlorantha was the only plant commonly found in the four study sites. Seven species of Annonaceae were found to be used to treat malaria, while 14 were used to treat symptoms that might be related to malaria.

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