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Abstract The purpose of this study is to evaluate the preventive effects of Urtica dioica (UD) on muscle ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. A total of 27 male Wistar rats were divided into three groups as the control group (1), I/R + saline group (2), and I/R+UD group (3). Group 1 did not receive any treatment. Group 2 was administered a total of 2mL/kg saline (1mL/kg before ischemia and 1 mL/kg after reperfusion), and group 3 was given a total of 2mL of UD (1mL/kg before ischemia and 1mL/kg after reperfusion) as treatment. Saline and UD were administered via intraesophageal canula once a day for five days. At the end of five days, all the rats were exposed to muscle ischemia for 60 min followed by 60 min of reperfusion of the bilateral hindlimbs induced using a tourniquet. Muscle tissue histopathologies were evaluated by light microscopy. Furthermore, oxidative/nitrosative stress biomarkers such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitrotyrosine (3-NT), nitric oxide (NO), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) as an inflammatory marker in tissue samples were measured. UD treatment significantly decreased oxidative/nitrosative stress biomarker levels and MPO (p<0.05). We established that UD treatment could alleviate muscle injury induced by muscle I/R in rats by inhibiting the inflammation and oxidative/nitrosative stress
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Animales , Masculino , Ratas , Semillas/clasificación , Peroxidasa/análisis , Estrés Oxidativo , Urtica dioica/efectos adversos , Daño por Reperfusión/patologíaRESUMEN
Adrenal myelolipoma is a rare benign tumour. This tumour is generally considered as a type of hormonally inactive neoplasm, which is composed of mature adipose tissue and normal haematopoietic cells. Rarely adrenal myelolipoma and adrenal cortical adenoma could be found together in the same gland. Due to myelolipoma's asymptomatic character, it is generally diagnosed incidentally. In fact, myelolipoma can now be easily detected because of improved techniques such as ultrasound, CT and MRI and widespread use of imaging. Because of this a 66-year-old male patient with abdominal pain, proved that adrenal myelolipoma and non-functional adrenal cortical adenoma are rare in the same gland. The case presented here deals with different outcome which is rare in the literature.
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Adenoma/patología , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Suprarrenales/patología , Adenoma Corticosuprarrenal/patología , Mielolipoma/patología , Neoplasias Primarias Múltiples/patología , Anciano , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: High-grade transformation or dedifferentiation in carcinoma is progression of a low-grade malignant neoplasm to a high-grade carcinoma or poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. This is rarely observed in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary glands. CASE REPORT: A 39 year-old woman presented with a painless mass at the left submandibulary region that had been growing slowly for 5 years. Submandibulary mass resection revealed a mass with peripheral adenoid cystic carcinoma and a central high-grade tumor delineated with a fibrous rim, raising the possibility of a hybrid or composite carcinoma, requiring differential diagnosis depending upon morphology and immunohistochemistry findings. The final histopathological diagnosis was high-grade transformation of adenoid cystic carcinoma. After surgical therapy, the patient was irradiated to the neck and submandibulary region. No sign of tumor recurrence has been evident for 36 months. CONCLUSION: This present case seems to be another rare case with high-grade transformation of adenoid cystic carcinoma and the fibrous rim may be a histopathological feature of such cases, which should be kept in mind.
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Neoplasias de la Conjuntiva/diagnóstico , Glaucoma/diagnóstico , Linfoma de Células B de la Zona Marginal/diagnóstico , Anciano , Biomarcadores de Tumor/análisis , Neoplasias de la Conjuntiva/química , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Presión Intraocular , Linfoma de Células B de la Zona Marginal/química , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Invasividad Neoplásica , Pruebas del Campo VisualRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To assess by immunohistochemistry the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in invasive ductal carcinoma and its possible correlation with the histological grade, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2), and other common immunohistochemical parameters (CD-34, Caspase-3, and CD8). METHODS: This was a retrospective pathology archive study including 50 female patients and was performed in Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, and Sutcu Imam University, Kahraman Maras, Turkey. The routine hematoxylin-eosin staining and COX-2, iNOS, MMP-2, CD-34, CASP-3, and CD8 immunoperoxidase techniques were performed on paraffin-embedded tissues. RESULTS: The mean value of COX-2 was 274.02+/-54.49 and MMP-2 was 263.42+/-54.30, whereas the mean iNOS values were 258.10+/-56.05. CD-34 staining also yielded positive results as 26.18+/-8.00. The mean value of CASP-3 was 284.06+/-41.2 and CD8 was 164.17+/-69.5. This reveals an inverse correlation between CASP-3 reactivity and CD8 (Spearman correlation [r]= -0.33, p=0.01). There was also an inverse correlation between iNOS reactivity and patients age (r = -0.29, p=0.03). There was a positive correlation with COX-2 and MMP-2 (p=0.00), but there was no relation with COX-2 and other parameters. CONCLUSION: COX-2 expression is an important parameter for invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. We found a positive correlation between COX-2 and MMP-2, whereas, we could not show direct correlation between COX-2 and iNOS, CD-34, CASP-3, and CD8.
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Antígenos CD34/inmunología , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Antígenos CD8/inmunología , Carcinoma Ductal/patología , Caspasa 3/metabolismo , Metaloproteinasa 2 de la Matriz/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/metabolismo , Adulto , Anciano , Neoplasias de la Mama/enzimología , Neoplasias de la Mama/inmunología , Carcinoma Ductal/enzimología , Carcinoma Ductal/inmunología , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Persona de Mediana Edad , Invasividad NeoplásicaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Adrenal incidentaloma can be described as adrenal lesions that are incidentally diagnosed during abdominal laparotomy or any abdominal screening without prior suspicion of adrenal disease. It is important to diagnose adrenal lesions to learn if they are hormonally active or malignant. The most common clinical sign of pheochromocytoma is sustained or paroxysmal hypertension, and the most common symptoms are headache, excessive truncal sweating, and palpitation. In some cases, the clinical symptoms are not clear. Roughly 70% of adrenal incidentalomas are non-functional. A small group of 5-7% of the functional ones (30%) may exist as pheochromocytoma. Ten percent of pheochromocytoma cases are diagnosed incidentally during computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) screenings for other reasons. The most frequent symptom of the pheochromocytoma is hypertension, and 90-100% of cases exhibit it. The literature indicates that incidental pheochromocytoma cases that are smaller than 1 cm have no clinical symptoms. Rarely, some large pheochromocytoma cases do not show any clinical symptoms, and it is difficult to diagnose very small ones. CASE PRESENTATION: A 45-year-old male patient experienced an epigastric ache and distended stomach for 7 years. The serum cortisol level was 19.2 ng/dL (normal range: 5-20 ng/dL), and urinary free cortisol excretion was 25.00 mug/24 h (normal range:10.00-100.00 mug/24 h). The serum basal level of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) was 21 pg/mL (normal range: 9 to 52 pg/mL). Plasma cortisol was under 1.00 mug/dL after low dose (1 mg) overnight dexamethasone suppression test. 24 hours urinary catecholamines level were vanil mandilic acid (VMA) 8.90 mg/day (normal range, 3 to 90 mg/day), metanefrin 330 mug/day (normal range, 52 to 341 mug/day), epinefrin 13 mug/day (normal range, 2 to 24 mug/day), norepinefrin 41 mug/day (normal range; 15 to 100 mug/day). During abdominal ultrasonography (USG), a tumor was diagnosed in the right perirenal space. A regular-shaped mass (dimension 36 x 35 x 35 mm) with a homogeneous and solid structure was diagnosed in CT. The density of the mass was 80 Hounsfield units (HU) in postcontrast CT. The patient was given a diagnosis of a non-functional adrenal incidental lesion, underwent a right adrenalectomy. Histopathological data correlated with pheochromocytoma as well CONCLUSION: Pheochromocytoma can be diagnosed by establishing an increase in catecholamines and metabolites in the plasma and urine. The level of catecholamines and metabolites in the plasma and urine provide 95% of the evidence of the disease. Because the dimensions of the lesion were large and the HU was very clear, the patient was underwent surrenalectomy. During laboratory investigation, there was no evidence of abnormality; we, therefore, think that these cases can be named sublaboratory pheochromocytoma.
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CDX2 is a homeobox domain-containing transcription factor that is important in the development and differentiation of the intestine. In this study, we examined CDX2 expression in normal and neoplastic human colon using a newly isolated monoclonal antibody. When compared to the intensity observed in adjacent normal mucosal epithelial cells, strong nuclear staining for CDX2 was observed in 10 (100%) of 10 colonic adenomas, 30 (88.2%) of 34 colorectal adenocarcinomas, including 17(94.47%) of 18 well-or moderately differentiated tumors and 13(81.2%) of 16 high-grade tumors. The percentage of CDX2 immunopositive cells was generally lower in carcinomas than in adenomas (p<0.001) and lower in moderately or poorly differentiated tumors than in well-differentiated tumors (p<0.001). There was an inverse correlation between CDX2 expression and tumor grade, tumor stage and lymph node metastasis (respectively, p<0.001; p<0.05; p<0.001), but this was not associated with age, gender, or tumor location and size. These results indicate that loss of expression of CDX2 protein may play an important role in the tumorigenesis of colorectal cancers. Down-regulation of CDX2 may cause dedifferentiation of gastrointestinal epithelial cells.
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Adenocarcinoma/metabolismo , Adenoma/metabolismo , Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Neoplasias Colorrectales/metabolismo , Proteínas de Homeodominio/metabolismo , Adenocarcinoma/secundario , Adenoma/patología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Factor de Transcripción CDX2 , Recuento de Células , Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Núcleo Celular/patología , Colon/anatomía & histología , Colon/metabolismo , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Regulación hacia Abajo , Femenino , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente Indirecta , Humanos , Técnicas para Inmunoenzimas , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
We report a case of a 44-year-old woman who had coexisting distinct and separate primary tumors of the bladder: a leiomyosarcoma and a transitional cell carcinoma (urothelial cancer). The patient presented with macroscopic hematuria. A computed tomography scan of the pelvis showed a bladder mass along the left anterolateral wall. A transurethral resection of the bladder was performed. A pathological examination revealed that the mass was leiomyosarcoma. The patient underwent radical cystectomy with ileal conduit diversion. The urinary cystectomy specimen revealed an 11 cm x 6 cm x 5 cm solid mass on the left anterolateral wall and two 1-cm papillary tumors with different localization on the right and left lateral walls of the urinary bladder. Pathological examination revealed that the masses were high-grade leiomyosarcoma and urothelial cancer. Because of the differences in the histogenesis and prognosis, such cases should be differentiated from cases of carcinosarcoma of the urinary bladder. Synchronous occurrence of urothelial cancer and sarcoma as two separate primary tumors in the bladder is very rare. To our knowledge, seven cases of coexisting sarcoma and transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder have been reported in the literature.
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Carcinoma de Células Transicionales/patología , Leiomiosarcoma/patología , Neoplasias Primarias Múltiples/patología , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/patología , Adulto , Carcinoma de Células Transicionales/diagnóstico por imagen , Carcinoma de Células Transicionales/cirugía , Cistectomía , Femenino , Humanos , Leiomiosarcoma/diagnóstico por imagen , Leiomiosarcoma/cirugía , Neoplasias Primarias Múltiples/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Primarias Múltiples/cirugía , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/cirugía , Derivación UrinariaRESUMEN
Hydatid disease (HD) is an endemic illness in many countries, and it poses an important public health problem that's influenced by peoples' socioeconomic status and migration that spreads this disease. Although rare, it may occur in any organ or tissue. The most common site is the liver (59-75%), followed in frequency by lung (27%), kidney (3%), bone (1-4%) and brain (1-2%). Other sites such as the heart, spleen, pancreas and muscles are very rarely affected. Unusual sites for this disease can cause diagnostic problems. This pictorial essay illustrates various radiological findings of HD in the liver, spleen, kidney, pancreas, peritoneal cavity, omentum, adrenal, ovary, lung, mediastinum and retroperitoneum. Familiarity with the imaging findings of HD may be helpful in making an accurate diagnosis and preventing potential complications.
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Equinococosis/diagnóstico por imagen , Equinococosis/diagnóstico , Cavidad Abdominal/diagnóstico por imagen , Cavidad Abdominal/parasitología , Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Preescolar , Medios de Contraste/administración & dosificación , Sistema Digestivo/diagnóstico por imagen , Sistema Digestivo/patología , Enfermedades del Sistema Digestivo/diagnóstico , Enfermedades del Sistema Digestivo/parasitología , Equinococosis/parasitología , Glándulas Endocrinas/diagnóstico por imagen , Glándulas Endocrinas/parasitología , Femenino , Humanos , Riñón/parasitología , Riñón/patología , Hígado/diagnóstico por imagen , Hígado/parasitología , Pulmón/diagnóstico por imagen , Pulmón/parasitología , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Masculino , Mediastino/diagnóstico por imagen , Mediastino/parasitología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Páncreas/diagnóstico por imagen , Páncreas/parasitología , Intensificación de Imagen Radiográfica/métodos , Bazo/diagnóstico por imagen , Bazo/parasitología , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , UltrasonografíaRESUMEN
It is generally accepted that the risk for fetal infection is greatest with maternal primary cytomegalovirus CMV infection and much less likely with recurrent infection. Here, we report a fatal case of congenital CMV infection following recurrent maternal infection after a 7-year interval. A 3-month-old female baby presented with fever, jaundice, vomiting and stopping breast-feeding. Physical examination revealed mild respiratory distress, hepatosplenomegaly, microcephaly and growth retardation. Laboratory examination included bilirubin concentrations Total: 7.17 mg/dl; conjugated 6.67 mg/dl, aspartate transaminase 141 IU, and alanine transaminase 499 IU. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test results revealed + CMV IgM and + CMV IgG. She died on the 10th day of admission with the diagnosis of CMV hepatitis, pneumonia, and multi-organ failure. Nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions were demonstrated in the lung, liver and brain on postmortem biopsy. This case highlights that the outcome of babies born to mothers with recurrent maternal CMV infection may be more severe and fatal than previously thought.
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Infecciones por Citomegalovirus/congénito , Infecciones por Citomegalovirus/transmisión , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/diagnóstico , Antivirales/uso terapéutico , Infecciones por Citomegalovirus/tratamiento farmacológico , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Resultado Fatal , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Transmisión Vertical de Enfermedad Infecciosa , Embarazo , Recurrencia , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Factores de Tiempo , TurquíaRESUMEN
UNLABELLED: ABSTRACT Objective: Many different forms of smokeless tobacco are used in the world. An interesting kind of smokeless tobacco (Maras powder) is used commonly in lieu of cigarettes in Kahramanmaras and its environs, in Turkey. The object of the present study was to investigate the effects of the Maras powder (MP) on oral mucosa and to examine the expression of Ki-67 in oral mucosa samples taken from MP users. STUDY DESIGN: Expression patterns for markers of cell proliferation (Ki-67) in oral mucosa of 84 MP users and 30 controls were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Histologically, acanthosis, hyperorthokeratosis, and parakeratosis were found in all 84 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded oral mucosal samples of MP users. The spinous cell layer showed large pale staining epithelial cells with pyknotic nuclei. The subepithelial infiltrate was mild. The epithelium was hyperplastic in 17 cases and dysplastic in 67 cases. The dysplasia was mild in 25 cases, moderate in 35 cases, and severe in seven cases. Immunohistochemical findings revealed that with progression of lesions toward malignancy, there was a significant predilection for a basal-suprabasal staining pattern for Ki-67 antigen as compared with the strictly basal staining pattern seen in normal oral epithelium. Expression of Ki-67 antigen was significantly higher in MP users than in the controls (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our study has shown that MP may induce epithelial cell proliferation, and that there was a significant positive association of Ki-67 expression and grade of dysplasia in MP users. MP, in contrast to other smokeless tobacco variants, seems to cause mucosal changes, which may transform into oral cancer.
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In this paper, we report a case of vertebral hemangioma during pregnancy in a 21-year-old woman presenting with paraparesis of rapid onset. An emergency MRI scan of the dorsal spine showed a lesion of the ninth thoracic vertebra with extradural extension and marked spinal cord compression. A cesarean section was done, and this was followed by emergent laminectomy. Her symptoms and neurologic deficits quickly improved. The etiopathogenesis, clinical, radiological features, and treatment modalities are discussed in the light of the literature.
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Hemangioma/diagnóstico , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Complicaciones Neoplásicas del Embarazo/diagnóstico , Compresión de la Médula Espinal/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de la Columna Vertebral/diagnóstico , Adulto , Cesárea , Urgencias Médicas , Femenino , Hemangioma/cirugía , Humanos , Laminectomía , Paraparesia/etiología , Embarazo , Complicaciones Neoplásicas del Embarazo/cirugía , Compresión de la Médula Espinal/etiología , Neoplasias de la Columna Vertebral/cirugía , Vértebras Torácicas/diagnóstico por imagen , Vértebras Torácicas/cirugía , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a relatively unusual, locally aggressive cutaneous tumor of intermediate malignancy. Fibrosarcomatous DFSP (FS-DFSP), a rare variant of DFSP, has a higher tendency for recurrence and metastasis. Recently, a small number of cases of another variant of FSDFSB characterized by areas of myoid differentiation have been reported. We present here a 35 yearold female patient with myoid differentiation in FS-DFSP. The tumor on the left scapular region had slowly grown over six years. Examination revealed a domeshaped, firm, nontender, violaceous dermal nodule. Histologically, it was composed of a monotonous spindle cell population arranged predominantly in a storiform pattern and to a lesser extent in a fascicular fibrosarcomatous pattern with a parallel arrangement of the cells. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells showed diffuse expression for vimentin and CD34. In the center of the tumor areas with frequent mitosis, hypercellular and negative reactive for CD34 were seen. In addition, approximately 10% of the cells were positive for epithelial membrane antigen. Myoid differentiation was found around the blood vessels. The myoid areas were positive for smooth muscle actin and negative for desmin. It is possible that the presence of hyperplastic myofibroblasts is a reactive phenomenon to the proliferation of tumor cells. We believe that this finding around blood vessels may be present in DFSP or FS-DFSP. However, when myoid areas, myoid fascicles and myoid nodules are seen in the stroma, it may be a new morphological variant of DFSP and/or FS-DFSP.
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Dermatofibrosarcoma/metabolismo , Dermatofibrosarcoma/patología , Mucina-1/metabolismo , Neoplasias Cutáneas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patología , Actinas/metabolismo , Adulto , Diferenciación Celular , Dermatofibrosarcoma/química , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Neoplasias Cutáneas/químicaRESUMEN
Pilomatrixomas are benign neoplasms of the hair follicle, presenting as a mass in the head and neck region. Those arising from the parotid region may pose a diagnostic challenge. We present six patients (age range 6 to 68 years) with pilomatrixoma in the head and neck region. The lesions were located in the preauricular region in two cases, and in the periorbital region, the forehead, the neck, and in the dorsum of the nose in the other patients, respectively. The main complaint was a hard, slow-growing mass in all the cases. All the patients were treated surgically. Histopathologic diagnosis was pilomatrixoma. No recurrences or surgery-associated complications were observed in the follow-up period.
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Enfermedades del Cabello/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/diagnóstico , Pilomatrixoma/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Cutáneas/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Niño , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Enfermedades del Cabello/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades del Cabello/patología , Enfermedades del Cabello/cirugía , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/patología , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/cirugía , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pilomatrixoma/diagnóstico por imagen , Pilomatrixoma/patología , Pilomatrixoma/cirugía , Neoplasias Cutáneas/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/cirugía , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
We report the case of a 17-year-old male with a testicular tumor and high serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein. The patient was treated with surgery followed by combination chemotherapy with bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin. Histologic examination showed features of a mixed germ cell tumor composed of mature teratoma, immature teratoma, embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumor, and polyembryoma. He is currently well, and his serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein have been normal more than 5 months after treatment. His brother, aged 17 years at the time, had a similar tumor removed from the right testicle 5 years previously.
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Neoplasias de Células Germinales y Embrionarias/patología , Hermanos , Neoplasias Testiculares/patología , Adolescente , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administración & dosificación , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Bleomicina/administración & dosificación , Cisplatino/administración & dosificación , Terapia Combinada , Etopósido/administración & dosificación , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Masculino , Neoplasias de Células Germinales y Embrionarias/metabolismo , Neoplasias de Células Germinales y Embrionarias/terapia , Neoplasias Testiculares/metabolismo , Neoplasias Testiculares/terapia , alfa-Fetoproteínas/metabolismoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the therapeutic effect of single dose oral azithromycin with twice-daily, 7-day doxycycline in women with chlamydial, mycoplasmic or ureaplasmic cervicitis and to demonstrate the demographic and behavioral profile of infected women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five hundred and thirty-three women with various gynecologic complaints were recruited for this study. All women were screened for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) and Mycoplasma hominis (MH) by enzyme immune assay tests. Patients positive for Neisseria gonorrhoeae were excluded. Women treated for these infections were tested after completing medical therapy. Educational levels of infected women were similar in each group. The prevalence of CT, UU and MH was 3.4% (18/533), 11.8% (63/533) and 0.9% (5/533), respectively. In 452 patients, no treatment was administered. The remaining patients were either treated with azithromycin (n=41) or doxycycline (n=40). The eradication rate for the infectious agents was 87.3% and 93.5% in the group of azithromycin and doxycycline, respectively (P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in efficacy between single dose azithromycin and a 7-day course of doxycycline with respect to the treatment of culture-positive cases. Recurrences were observed in five cases in azithromycin group (12.5%) and in three cases in doxycycline group (7.5%). CONCLUSIONS: The treatment of uncomplicated chlamydial, mycoplasmic and ureaplasmic cervicitis with a single dose of azithromycin administered under supervision in the clinic is as effective as a 7-day course of doxycycline. This regimen may overcome the problem of compliance with the standard twice-daily, 7-day regimen of doxycycline.
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Azitromicina/uso terapéutico , Doxiciclina/uso terapéutico , Cervicitis Uterina/tratamiento farmacológico , Adolescente , Adulto , Antibacterianos/administración & dosificación , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Azitromicina/administración & dosificación , Chlamydia trachomatis/efectos de los fármacos , Chlamydia trachomatis/aislamiento & purificación , Doxiciclina/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Humanos , Técnicas para Inmunoenzimas , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mycoplasma hominis/efectos de los fármacos , Mycoplasma hominis/aislamiento & purificación , Recurrencia , Resultado del Tratamiento , Ureaplasma urealyticum/efectos de los fármacos , Ureaplasma urealyticum/aislamiento & purificación , Cervicitis Uterina/microbiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between corneoconjunctival calcification and conjunctival squamous metaplasia in patients with chronic renal failure (CRP). STUDY DESIGN: We studied impression cytology in 45 CRF patients on regular hemodialysis and 30 age- and sex-matched controls. Specimens were obtainedfrom the temporal bulbar conjunctiva using cellulose acetate filter paper. The samples were fixed in a mixture of 70% ethyl alcohol, 37% formaldehyde and glacial acetic acid and then stained with a combination of periodic acid- Schiff and Gill's modified Papanicolaou stain and graded by a masked observer. Corneoconjunctival calcification was graded by the Porter-Crombie classification. RESULTS: Of 45 study patients, 4 (9%) disclosed grade 0, 23 (51%) grade 1, 14 (31%) grade 2 and 4 grade 3 (9%) impression cytology changes. There was a statistically significant difference between the patient and control groups (p < 0.001). Calcium deposits were more frequent and extensive in CRF patients than in controls (p = 0.01). There was no correlation between impression cytology and calcium deposit grades (p = 0.128). However the presence of conjunctival inflammation correlated with the existence of extensive squamous metaplasia (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The severity of conjunctival changes in CRF patients on regular hemodialysis are not related to calcium deposition but to acute conjunctival inflammation.
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Calcinosis/patología , Enfermedades de la Conjuntiva/patología , Enfermedades de la Córnea/patología , Fallo Renal Crónico/patología , Adulto , Anciano , Calcinosis/etiología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Enfermedades de la Conjuntiva/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de la Córnea/diagnóstico , Femenino , Humanos , Fallo Renal Crónico/complicaciones , Masculino , Metaplasia , Persona de Mediana Edad , Diálisis Renal , Coloración y Etiquetado/métodos , Turquía/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Ocular surface changes, mainly squamous metaplasia of the conjunctival epithelium and corneoconjunctival calcification of unknown etiology, may develop in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis. An association between squamous metaplasia and corneoconjunctival calcification has been suggested. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between ocular surface disorders and tear function changes in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis. METHODS: In this prospective case-control study, 42 patients with chronic renal failure and 20 age- and sex-matched control subjects underwent full ophthalmologic examination, tear function tests (including Schirmer's test, tear film break-up time [BUT] test and rose bengal staining) and impression cytology to determine the degree of conjunctival squamous metaplasia. They also responded to a questionnaire regarding subjective ocular complaints. Corneoconjunctival calcification was graded on a scale of 0 to 5 according to the system proposed by Porter and Crombie. Impression cytology samples were graded on scale of 0 to 3 according to the Nelson classification. The relation between ocular surface disorders and tear function changes was evaluated. RESULTS: Of the 42 patients, 12 (28%) had grade 0 calcification, 10 (24%) had grade 1, 14 (33%) had grade 2, and 6 (14%) had grade 3 or higher. Four patients (10%) had grade 0 squamous metaplasia, 22 (52%) had grade 1, 12 (28%) had grade 2, and 4 (10%) had grade 3. The difference between the patient and control subjects in squamous metaplasia grades and corneoconjunctival calcification grades was statistically significant (p < 0.001 and p = 0.022 respectively). Abnormal tear film BUT (p = 0.002) and abnormal rose bengal staining (p = 0.023) were significantly more frequent in the patient group than in the control group. The grade of conjunctival squamous metaplasia was correlated with abnormal rose bengal staining (tau = 0.79, p < 0.001) and with the existence of subjective ocular complaints (tau = 0.32, p = 0.026). There was no correlation between corneoconjunctival calcification and tear function changes. INTERPRETATION: Abnormal rose bengal staining and the presence of subjective ocular complaints may be used as follow-up criteria for ocular surface disorders in patients with chronic renal failure regularly undergoing hemodialysis.