RESUMEN
Using a sample of 256 juvenile offenders who were randomly assigned to treatment or control groups, this study evaluates a cognitive-behavioral program that combines cognitive training, goal setting, and a phone-coach follow-up. The training involved six classroom sessions where participants received instruction and help in creating individualized goals. After attending the classes, participants received automated phone calls twice a day for up to a year. During the year following the program, the treatment and control groups were not significantly different in whether or not they were rearrested or in total rearrests. However, the total number of calls received had a significant negative association with whether or not they were rearrested for a felony and with the total number of felony rearrests.
Asunto(s)
Teléfono Celular , Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual , Objetivos , Delincuencia Juvenil/rehabilitación , Sistemas Recordatorios , Adolescente , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de Salud , Distribución Aleatoria , Prevención Secundaria , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this research was to examine the associations of parenting style, religiosity, and peer alcohol use with alcohol use and heavy drinking. METHOD: Structural equation modeling was used to estimate direct and indirect associations among 5,419 adolescents ages 12-14 years from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth 1997. RESULTS: Adolescents whose parents were authoritative were less likely to drink heavily than adolescents who experienced neglectful or indulgent parenting styles. Religiosity was negatively associated with heavy drinking after other relevant variables were controlled for. CONCLUSIONS: Authoritative parenting appears to have both direct and indirect negative associations with the risk of heavy drinking among adolescents. Authoritative parenting, where monitoring and support are above average, and religiosity might help deter adolescents from heavy drinking, even when adolescents experience peer environments where alcohol use is common. Authoritarian parenting, although it was not associated with heavy drinking, was positively associated with alcohol use and peer alcohol use, thus placing adolescents at some risk.
Asunto(s)
Conducta del Adolescente/psicología , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/psicología , Autoritarismo , Responsabilidad Parental/psicología , Grupo Paritario , Religión y Psicología , Adolescente , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/epidemiología , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , MasculinoRESUMEN
Using a sample of 70 juvenile probationers (39 treatment and 31 controls), we evaluated the effectiveness of a rehabilitation program that combined cognitive-behavioral training and automated phone calls. The cognitive-behavioral training contained six 90-min sessions, one per week, and the phone calls occurred twice per day for the year following treatment. Recidivism was measured by whether they were rearrested and the total number of rearrests during the 1st year. To test the impact of the phone calls, those who received phone calls were divided into high and low groups depending on whether they answered more or less than half of their phone calls. Those who completed the class and answered at least half of their phone calls were less likely to have been arrested and had fewer total arrests.
Asunto(s)
Teléfono Celular , Comunicación , Delincuencia Juvenil/psicología , Delincuencia Juvenil/rehabilitación , Prisioneros/psicología , Sistemas Recordatorios , Adolescente , Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual , Terapia Combinada , Femenino , Humanos , Delincuencia Juvenil/prevención & control , Masculino , Cooperación del Paciente , Recurrencia , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
A total of 70 jail inmates who participated in an intensive, short-term drug treatment program were compared with a matched group of 70 jail inmates who did not participate in the program. Survival analysis was used to estimate the hazard of recidivism during 14 months following release from jail. The hazard ratio was significantly lower for the treatment than control group, and an analysis using propensity scores confirmed these results. Only 27% of the treatment participants were returned to jail or prison for more than 30 days, compared with 46% of the matched control group. According to qualitative responses from the participants, the program helped inmates recognize the consequences of their behavior and change their perspective. The results indicate that an intensive, short-term drug treatment program can be implemented within jails and might be a useful tool to help offenders prepare for reentry and reduce their risk of recidivism.
Asunto(s)
Prisioneros , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/rehabilitación , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Integración a la Comunidad , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de Salud , Prevención Secundaria , Utah , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effects of a cognitive training and cell phone intervention on the recidivism of 70 juvenile offenders. Median days to rearrest were 106 for the control group, 191 for the class-only group, and 278 for the class plus cell phone group. Using rearrest as the survival criterion, the survival ratios of the class-only and class plus cell phone groups were 2.64 and 2.94 times longer than the control group, respectively. After controlling for gender, prior arrests, and risk score, the Poisson regression indicated that the class-only and class plus cell phone groups were 51% lower in total arrests than the control group. These results suggest that cognitive training supplemented with a cell phone coach is an effective and cost-efficient intervention for reducing recidivism.
Asunto(s)
Teléfono Celular , Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual/métodos , Delincuencia Juvenil/rehabilitación , Adolescente , Cultura , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Objetivos , Humanos , Delincuencia Juvenil/prevención & control , Masculino , Prevención Secundaria , Socialización , UtahRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this research was to examine whether authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, and neglectful parenting styles were associated with adolescent alcohol use and heavy drinking, after controlling for peer use, religiosity, and other relevant variables. METHOD: Structural equation modeling was used to estimate direct and indirect associations of parenting style with alcohol use and heavy drinking among 4,983 adolescents in Grades 7-12. RESULTS: Adolescents whose parents were authoritative were less likely to drink heavily than adolescents from the other three parenting styles, and they were less likely to have close friends who used alcohol. In addition, religiosity was negatively associated with heavy drinking after controlling for other relevant variables. CONCLUSIONS: Authoritative parenting appears to have both direct and indirect associations with the risk of heavy drinking among adolescents. Authoritative parenting, where monitoring and support are above average, might help deter adolescents from heavy alcohol use, even when adolescents have friends who drink. In addition, the data suggest that the adolescent's choice of friends may be an intervening variable that helps explain the negative association between authoritative parenting and adolescent heavy drinking.
Asunto(s)
Conducta del Adolescente/psicología , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/epidemiología , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/psicología , Modelos Psicológicos , Responsabilidad Parental/psicología , Grupo Paritario , Religión y Psicología , Adolescente , Alcoholismo/epidemiología , Alcoholismo/psicología , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Relaciones Padres-Hijo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
In this research the authors examine the reentry of 51 parolees during the 3 years following their release from prison. The objective is to gain increased understanding of what differentiates successful parolees from those who fail. Success is defined as being discharged from parole by 3 years after release. The study examines the extent to which drug treatment, friendships, work, family bonds, and age are associated with reentry success. Contrary to expectations, it is found that closeness to mother, closeness to father, having a partner, being a parent, and education level are not associated with parole success. Those who succeed on parole are more likely to have taken a substance abuse class while in prison and on release tend to spend more time in enjoyable activities with friends. Among the employed, those that worked at least 40 hours a week are more likely to complete parole successfully. Qualitative data indicate that successful parolees had more support from family and friends and had more self-efficacy, which help them stay away from drugs and peers who use drugs. The findings are consistent with an integrated life course theory.
Asunto(s)
Prisioneros/psicología , Rehabilitación/psicología , Socialización , Adulto , Familia/psicología , Amigos/psicología , Humanos , Actividades Recreativas , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Motivación , Rehabilitación/métodos , Rehabilitación Vocacional , Prevención Secundaria , Autoeficacia , Ajuste Social , Identificación Social , Apoyo Social , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/psicología , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/rehabilitación , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Using a probability sample of 4,230 adolescents from grades 7-12, we used negative binomial regression to estimate the effects of peer and six family variables on the risk of adolescent drug use. Peer drug use had relatively strong effects of adolescent drug use. Parental drug attitudes, sibling drug use, and adult drug use had significant direct effects net of peer influences. In addition, they had significant indirect effects that were mediated by peer drug use. The influences of parental monitoring, attachment to mother, and attachment to father were statistically significant but relatively small. The findings applied to alcohol, binge drinking, cigarettes, marijuana, and other illicit drugs. Editors' Strategic Implications: The authors interpret their findings as being more consistent with social learning than social control theory. This research, although cross-sectional and limited to adolescents' self-reports, contributes to a growing literature on the direct and indirect influences of parents on their teens' substance use rates. It speaks to the need for school- and community-based prevention efforts to focus on families as well as peers.
Asunto(s)
Conducta del Adolescente/psicología , Responsabilidad Parental/psicología , Grupo Paritario , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/psicología , Adolescente , Factores de Edad , Actitud , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Fumar Marihuana/psicología , Factores de Riesgo , Asunción de Riesgos , Factores Sexuales , Fumar/psicologíaRESUMEN
Using data from 1,494 Greeks and 1,993 Americans, this study finds that social abortion attitudes are a separate dimension from physical abortion attitudes. According to our structural equation model, abortion attitudes are influenced significantly by religiosity and sexual liberalism. The model explains social abortion attitudes significantly better than physical abortion attitudes. Although the model is applicable to both countries, there are three major differences between Greece and the United States. First, in Greece religiosity has a smaller impact on sexual liberalism, and sexual liberalism has a much weaker impact on both types of abortion attitudes, particularly social abortion attitudes. Second, in Greece religiosity is more strongly related to abortion attitudes than in the United States, particularly to social abortion attitudes. Third, education has a weaker influence in Greece than in the United States.