RESUMEN
Most wrasse species in tropical waters exhibit daily spawning synchrony with a preference for high tide. Fish perceive tidal rhythm cues through sensory organs and activate the brain-pituitary-gonadal endocrine axis for synchronous gonadal maturation, although how the tidal-related spawning cycle is controlled endogenously is not known. The purpose of this study was to examine whether hydrostatic pressure has an impact on brain monoamine levels and reproductive activities in the threespot wrasse Halichoeres trimaculatus. The contents of dopamine (DA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), serotonin (5-HT), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in the brain were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography and an electrochemical detection system. Exposing the fish to hydrostatic pressure occurring at a 3-m depth (~30 kPa) resulted in an increase in 5-HIAA/5-HT over 3h and a decrease in DOPAC/DA over 6h. No changes in gonadosomatic index or oocyte diameter were observed between the groups when female fish were reared at 0-m and 3-m depth for 3h. Hydrostatic pressure did not alter pituitary mRNA abundance of follicle stimulating hormone-ß or luteinizing hormone-ß. However, in vitro culture of ovaries from pressurized fish in the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin resulted in an increase in 17α,20ß-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one in the medium. These results suggest that hydrostatic pressure activates oocyte maturation through brain monoaminergic activity in this tropical wrasse species.
Asunto(s)
Ácido 3,4-Dihidroxifenilacético/metabolismo , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Dopamina/metabolismo , Ácido Hidroxiindolacético/metabolismo , Perciformes/fisiología , Reproducción/fisiología , Serotonina/metabolismo , Olas de Marea , 17-alfa-Hidroxipregnenolona/metabolismo , Animales , Gonadotropina Coriónica/farmacología , Femenino , Hormona Folículo Estimulante/metabolismo , Humanos , Presión Hidrostática , Hormona Luteinizante/metabolismo , Técnicas de Cultivo de Órganos , Ovario/efectos de los fármacos , Ovario/metabolismo , Hipófisis/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: This prospective non-randomized clinical study was done to compare Off-pump and On-pump myocardial revascularization by Troponin I release in patients undergoing first elective coronary artery bypass graft used to evaluate myocardial injury. METHODS: One hundred an twenty patients were non-randomly assigned to a Off-pump or On-pump myocardial revascularization group. Cardiac Troponin I (CTnI) were measured in serial venous blood samples drawn preoperatively in both groups. In On-pump group after aortic unclamping at 12 and 24 hours and in Off-pump group after the last distal anastomosis at 12 and 24 hours. RESULTS: The total amount of CTnI release were significantly higher in On-pump group than in Off-pump group. In On-pump group it was 2.1 +/- 1.9 (mean +/- SD) ng/ml vs in Off-pump group it was 1.0 +/- 1.7 (mean +/- SD) ng/ml at 12 hours and in On-pump group it was 1.6 +/- 1.6 (mean +/- SD) ng/ml vs. in Off-pump group it was .9 +/- 1.6 (mean +/- SD) ng/ml at 24 hours (P < 0.0001 for the pattern). CONCLUSION: The lower release of CTnI in the Off-pump myocardial revascularization group indicates that the arrested heart coronary revascularization group causes more damage to the heart due to cardiopulmonary bypass than Off-pump myocardial revascularization group.
Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores/análisis , Puente Cardiopulmonar/efectos adversos , Puente de Arteria Coronaria Off-Pump/efectos adversos , Revascularización Miocárdica , Troponina I/sangre , Cardiomiopatías/diagnóstico , Cardiomiopatías/etiología , Cardiomiopatías/prevención & control , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Low recurrence of gastritis is seen in patients infected with Helicobacter pylori carrying the type II urease B gene, compared with H. pylori carrying types I and III. The underlying mechanism has been studied in terms of the urease activity and interleukin (IL)-8 production capacity of different strains of H. pylori. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-five patients infected with different strains of H. pylori (type I; 15, type II; 15 and type III; 15) were enrolled in the study. H. pylori was isolated from gastric mucosa and cultured in the presence of urea at pH 5.5 to evaluate urease activity. The capacity of different strains of H. pylori to induce IL-8 mRNA and IL-8 from a human gastric cancer cell line and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells was evaluated. RESULTS: The urease activity of type II H. pylori[523 +/- 228 micro g of ammonia/dl/10(8) colony-forming units (CFU)/ml] was significantly lower than that of type I (1355 +/- 1369 micro g of ammonia/dl/10(8) CFU/ml) and type III (1442 +/- 2229 micro g of ammonia/dl/10(8) CFU/ml) (p <.05). Gastric cancer cells cocultured with type II H. pylori produced lower levels of IL-8 mRNA compared with type I and type III H. pylori. The levels of IL-8 were also significantly lower in cultures induced by type II H. pylori compared with those induced by type I and type III H. pylori. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells also produced lower levels of IL-8 when cocultured with type II compared with type I H. pylori. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that both the lower level of urease activity and the low IL-8-inducing capacity of type II H. pylori might underlie the lower recurrence rate of gastritis caused by type II H. pylori.