RESUMEN
The adsorbents used to remove taint compounds from wine can also remove constituents that impart desirable color, aroma, and flavor attributes, whereas molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are tailor-made to selectively bind one or more target compounds. This study evaluated the potential for MIPs to ameliorate smoke taint in wine via removal of volatile phenols during or after fermentation. The addition of MIPs to smoke-tainted Pinot Noir wine (for 24 h with stirring) achieved 35-57% removal of guaiacol, 4-methylguaiacol, cresols, and phenol, but <10% of volatile phenol glycoconjugates were removed and some wine color loss occurred. Of the MIP treatments that were subsequently applied to Semillon and Merlot fermentations or wine, MIP addition post-inoculation of yeast yielded the best outcomes, both in terms of volatile phenol removal and wine sensory profiles. Despite some impact on other aroma volatiles and red wine color, the findings demonstrate that MIPs can ameliorate smoke-tainted wine.
Asunto(s)
Fermentación , Polímeros Impresos Molecularmente , Odorantes , Humo , Gusto , Vino , Vino/análisis , Odorantes/análisis , Polímeros Impresos Molecularmente/química , Humanos , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles/química , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles/metabolismo , Fenoles/química , Fenoles/metabolismo , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/química , Polímeros/química , Polímeros/metabolismo , AdsorciónRESUMEN
Cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate (1), isolated from bacterial culture, has previously been shown to be effective in restoring normal function of molybdenum enzymes in molybdenum cofactor (MoCo)-deficient mice and human patients. Described here is a synthesis of 1 hydrobromide (1·HBr) employing in the key step a Viscontini reaction between 2,5,6-triamino-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-4-one dihydrochloride and D-galactose phenylhydrazone to give the pyranopterin (5aS,6R,7R,8R,9aR)-2-amino-6,7-dihydroxy-8-(hydroxymethyl)-3H,4H,5H,5aH,6H,7H,8H,9aH,10H-pyrano[3,2-g]pteridin-4-one (10) and establishing all four stereocenters found in 1. Compound 10, characterized spectroscopically and by X-ray crystallography, was transformed through a selectively protected tri-tert-butoxycarbonylamino intermediate into a highly crystalline tetracyclic phosphate ester (15). The latter underwent a Swern oxidation and then deprotection to give 1·HBr. Synthesized 1·HBr had in vitro efficacy comparable to that of 1 of bacterial origin as demonstrated by its enzymatic conversion into mature MoCo and subsequent reconstitution of MoCo-free human sulfite oxidase-molybdenum domain yielding a fully active enzyme. The described synthesis has the potential for scale up.
Asunto(s)
Coenzimas/química , Metaloproteínas/química , Compuestos Organofosforados/síntesis química , Pteridinas/química , Pterinas/síntesis química , Coenzimas/metabolismo , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Humanos , Metaloproteínas/metabolismo , Cofactores de Molibdeno , Compuestos Organofosforados/química , Pteridinas/metabolismo , Pterinas/química , Transducción de Señal , EstereoisomerismoRESUMEN
The inositol rings in (1S,2R,3R,4S,5S,6R,7S,8S,11S)-myo-inositol-1,2-camphor acetal {systematic name: (1R,2S,3S,4R,5S,6R)-5,6-[(1S,2S,4S)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,2-diyldioxy]cyclohexane-1,2,3,4-tetrol}, C(16)H(26)O(6), and (1R,2S,3S,4R,5R,6S,7R/S,8S,11S)-myo-inositol-1,2-camphor acetal trihydrate {systematic name: (1S,2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-5,6-[(1S,4S,6R/S)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,2-diyldioxy]cyclohexane-1,2,3,4-tetrol trihydrate}, C(16)H(26)O(6).3H(2)O, adopt flattened chair conformations with the latter crystal containing two stereoisomers in a 0.684 (2):0.316 (2) ratio, similar to that found both in solution and by calculation. Both molecules pack in the crystals in similar two-dimensional layers, utilizing strong O-H...O hydrogen bonds, with the trihydrate cell expanded to incorporate the additional hydrogen-bonded water molecules.
RESUMEN
A modified synthesis of 1L-1,2:3,4-di-O-cyclohexylidene-5-O-methyl-chiro-inositol has been accomplished that improves the overall procedure, yield, and environmental aspects of its formation. Several inositol analogues have been prepared from this intermediate for testing as biosynthetic inhibitors of glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor formation.