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The anomalous presence of numerous blue shark Prionace glauca neonates and juveniles in shallow inshore waters of Galicia, north-west Spain, during the summers of 2014 and 2015 is reported. Changes in oceanographic conditions, high recruitment events or changes in the pupping area are discussed as possible causes of this unusual behaviour.

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DNA sequences of cytochrome c oxidase I gene (COI) from Lepidion spp. were employed to test the efficiency of species identification. A sample of 32 individuals from five Lepidion species was sequenced and combined with 26 sequences from other BOLD projects. As a result, 58 Lepidion DNA sequences of the COI gene belonging to eight of the nine recognized Lepidion species were analysed. Sequences were aligned and formed seven clades in a Bayesian phylogenetic tree, where Lepidion lepidion and Lepidion eques grouped jointly. The Kimura 2-parameter genetic distances, among congeners were, on average, 4.28%, 16 times greater than among conspecifics (0.27%). The main diagnostic meristic data of Lepidion spp. were compiled and a detailed morphological revision of the congeneric species L. eques and L. lepidion was made. The eye diameter was significantly different between L. eques and L. lepidion (P < 0.001). The number of anal fin rays ranged from 45 to 51 in L. lepidion and from 47 to 54 in L. eques, but no significant differences were obtained in the mean values of this variable (P = 0.07). According to the morphological and genetic analyses, the results strongly suggest that the Mediterranean codling L. lepidion and the North Atlantic codling L. eques are conspecific, making L. eques a junior synonym of L. lepidion.

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El Síndrome de Noonan es un trastorno genético de herencia autosómica dominante con expresividad variable y asociado a múltiples anormalidades. Las manifestaciones clínicas más importantes de este síndrome son entre otras la estatura corta, cuello ancho, hipertelorismo, exoftalmos y ptsosis palpebral. Suelen presentar malformaciones cardiacas tales como la displasia con estenosis valvular pulmonar y la miocardiopatía hipertrófica. El interés de este cuadro en Patología Forense se debe a que es posible su presentación en forma de muerte súbita sin ningún tipo de clínica previa. Se presenta el caso de una persona de sexo masculino de 18 años de edad, el cual se desplomó en la vía pública. Diagnosticado de Síndrome de Noonan sin controles médicos en ese momento. El estudio necrópsico reveló la presencia de una disección aórtica con intususpección íntimo-intimal (AU)

KNoonan syndrome is a relatively common autosomal dominant disorder whose pathophysiology is not fully understood. Its clinical features are characterized by dysmorphic facial features, webbing of the neck, proportionate short stature and heart disease (most commonly pulmonary valve stenosis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy). In rare occasions, Noonan syndrome could have interest in forensic medicine due to their unexpected presentation as a sudden death episode without previous clinical symptoms. In this report, we present the case of a subject (male, 18 years old) who suddenly collapsed in the street. His parents known the previous NS diagnosis, but at the moment of death he was not under medical control or treatment. Autopsy findings revealed an aortic dissection with intimo-intimal intussusception (AU)

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A new record of Lepidion schmidti (Gadiformes: Moridae) is reported from the Bay of Biscay (north-east Atlantic Ocean). Lepidion schmidti is a rare and poorly known species, scarcely described in the ichthyological literature. Morphometric and meristic characteristics of the specimen are given. A compilation of the specimens caught in the north-east Atlantic Ocean was carried out and the current status of the species in Atlantic waters is discussed. Lepidion schmidti is characterized mainly by the presence of an inverted V-shaped patch of vomerine teeth and a V-shaped crest on the dorsal surface of the head with the apex anterior. The presence of supernumerary anal fin rays in this species is described for the first time. The results obtained confirm the presence of L. schmidti from the north-east Atlantic Ocean.

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The first record of the smooth puffer Lagocephalus laevigatus from Galician waters (north-west Spain) is reported. Three possible mechanisms of introduction of the specimen are considered: natural displacement, the aquarist trade and transport in ballast water.

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Suicidal behavior is a problem with important social repercussions. Some groups of the population show a higher risk of suicide; for example, depression, alcoholism, psychosis or drug abuse frequently precedes suicidal behavior. However, the relationship between metabolic alterations in the brain and premorbid clinical symptoms of suicide remains uncertain. The serotonergic and noradrenergic systems have frequently been, implicated in suicidal behavior and the amount of serotonin in the brain and CSF of suicide victims has been found to be low compared with normal subjects. However, there are contradictory results regarding the role of noradrenergic neurons in the mediation of suicide attempts, possibly reflecting the heterogeneity of conditions that lead to a common outcome. In the present work we focus on the subgroup of suicide victims that share a common diagnosis of major depression. Based on post-mortem studies analyzing mRNA expression by in situ hybridization, serotonergic neurons from the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) from depressive suicide victims are seen to over-express cytochrome oxidase mRNA. However, no corresponding changes were found in the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA in the noradrenergic neurons of the Locus Coeruleus (LC). These results suggest that, despite of the low levels of serotonin described in suicide victims, the activity of DRN neurons could increase in the suicidally depressed, probably due to the over activation of serotonin re-uptake. No alteration was found in noradrenergic neurons, suggesting that they play no crucial role in the suicidal behavior of depressive patients.

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Objetivo: Evaluar la utilidad práctica del análisis de la concentración de Troponina I (cTnI), en el diagnóstico de rutina de las muertes de origen cardíaco en muestras de sangre periférica de autopsias forenses, y compararlas con las cifras de Mioglobina y fracción MB de la Creatin kinasa en el mismo tipo de muestras. Material y métodos: Se han estudiado 97 autopsias forenses realizadas en el Servicio de Patología del Instituto de Medicina Legal de Alicante (IMLA). En cada caso se realizó una toma de muestra de sangre periférica que fue posteriormente analizada mediante inmunoanálisis semiautomatizado de micropartículas enzimáticas (MEIA) con un equipo Axsym de Abbott. Las causas de muerte fueron agrupadas en 6 grupos de acuerdo al siguiente esquema: 1) muertes de origen cardiaco (n= 42), 2) muertes de origen traumático (n=19), 3) muertes de tipo asfíctico (n=12), 4) muertes naturales de causa no cardiaca (n=8), 5) miscelánea (n=6) y 6) Muerte traumática con contusión torácica (n=10). Los datos fueron analizados mediante un paquete estadístico SPSS. Resultados: Los niveles medios de cTnI fueron significativamente mayores en los grupos de causas de muerte cardiaca, pero también lo fueron en el grupo de traumatismo con contusión cardiaca, lo que plantea problemas de diagnóstico diferencial entre ambas patologías. Conclusiones: La determinación de cTnI se ha mostrado más eficaz que la CK-MB y la Mioglobina en el diagnóstico de la muerte súbita de origen cardíaco. Sin embargo, la existencia de una elevación de los niveles medios de este marcador en los casos de traumatismo torácico intenso limita su utilidad diagnóstica, en estas situaciones

Objetives: To evaluate practical usefulness of cardiac Troponin analysis (cTnI) in peripheral blood levels, in order to improve diagnosis of sudden cardiac death in routine forensic cases. Comparing these levels with Myoglobin and MB-CK blood levels in the same type of samples. Material and methods: We have studied 97 medico legal autopsies performed in the Pathology Service of the Institute of Legal Medicine (Alicante). In every case we analyzed sample of serum from peripheral blood (femoral), by Microparticle Enzyme Immunoassay (MEIA) Axsym system (Abbott Diagnostics). Causes of death were classified into 6 groups according: 1) Death of cardiac origin (n=42); 2) Traumatic deaths (n=19); 3) Death by asphyxia (n=12); 4) Natural deaths of non-cardiac origin (n=8); 5) Miscellaneous group (n=6), and 6) Traumatic death with Thoracic trauma (n=10). Data was analysed by means of SPSS 14.0 statistical software program (SPSS Inc, 2005). Results: cTnI levels were significantly high in cases of sudden cardiac death, but it were also high in the group of thoracic trauma, which could raise diagnosis problems between these groups, as was shown previously in the literature. Conclusions: The determination of cTnI is more efficient than CKMB and Myoglobine in the diagnosis of sudden cardiac death. However, the elevation of mean levels of this marker in cases of severe thoracic traumatism limits its diagnostic usefulness in these situations

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A case of pharyngeal tuberculosis secondary to pulmonary tuberculosis is reported. The importance of biopsy for the histopathological and microbiological diagnosis is emphasized.

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Family structure is one of the most important reference models in the learning of antisocial patterns of behaviour, and has been described as one of the major socialization agencies for children. Violence in the family setting is a fact in Spanish society, and must be analysed within the wider framework of social violence. We studied the incidence of physical and psychological abuse in the family setting. Our analysis included the incidence of all types of aggression which required medical attention in the city of Murcia (Spain) between February and June 1991. We detected a total of 191 victims of probable mistreatment in the family setting, involving persons who ranged in age from three to 68 years. After a detailed study of the type of lesions together with the personal and sociofamilial circumstances, the rate of abuse was 25.16 per 100,000 inhabitants per year.

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Serotype distribution and adherence to epithelial cells (HeLa and Hep-2) were studied in 230 strains of Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) isolated in adult patients with GBS infection or in asymptomatic carriers. In the population investigated, serotypes Ia and III predominated in the strains isolated from both carriers and patients. Adhesivity was significantly greater in strains isolated from the former, regardless of serotype. Thus in adults, serotype cannot be correlated with virulence of a given strain.

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We describe three cases of extragenital infection by Mycoplasma hominis in three patients transplanted with kidneys from cadaver donors. In two patients, the microorganism was isolated in the exudate from the surgical wound after 72 hrs. of culture on blood-agar (Columbia + 5% horse blood) in CO2 and under anaerobic conditions. In the remaining case, M. hominis was isolated in urine from a suprapubic catheter. All three patients responded satisfactorily to treatment with doxycycline. Mycoplasma hominis should be considered as the possible source of infection in patients at risk because of immunosuppressive therapy and manipulation of the urinary tract. Detection and identification of the organism are difficult without the appropriate techniques.

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We studied the incidence of physical and psychological abuse in the family setting. Our analysis included the incidence of all types of aggression which required medical attention in the city of Murcia (Spain) between February and June 1988. After a detailed study of the type of lesions together with the personal and socio-familial circumstances, the rate of abuse of minors was 25.16/100,000 inhabitants per year.

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The aim of this paper has been to check the diagnostic ability of Scanning Electron Microscopy (S.E.M.) to determine wound direction. We have studied incised wound margins caused by steel blades in human skin samples from cadavers by S.E.M. It was found that a lateral accessory tail existed in 65% of the entrance edges. This finding was recorded in all the cases when wound direction was perpendicular to Lancer's lines of the skin area in which the wound was located. No similar finding in the exit tails was noticed. The depth and length of the wound margins was less accurate an index of the wound direction than a lateral accessory tail. We think that this finding could be useful in determining the entrance margin in incised wounds.

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