RESUMEN

This study assessed the physicochemical and antibiofilm properties of white mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) associated with 1 or 2% of farnesol. Setting time was evaluated based on ISO 6876/2012. Radiopacity was evaluated by radiographic analysis. pH was assessed after time intervals of 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Solubility (% mass loss) and volumetric change (by micro-CT) of the cements were evaluated after immersion in distilled water. The presence of voids inside the materials was assessed by using micro-CT. Antibiofilm activity against Enterococcus faecalis was evaluated by crystal violet assay and the modified direct contact test performed with biofilm previously formed on bovine root dentin for 14 days. Data were submitted to ANOVA/Tukey tests with 5% significance level. The incorporation of farnesol into MTA increased its setting time, but decreased its solubility at 30 days and its volumetric loss in all periods (p < 0.05). Radiopacity and solubility after 7 days were similar among the materials (p > 0.05). The association of farnesol showed the highest pH value after 1 and 3 days (p < 0.05). The association of farnesol with MTA promoted a decrease in the presence of voids, and increased the antimicrobial activity on biofilm biomass of E. faecalis (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the addition of farnesol can be suggested to improve the antimicrobial properties and the consistency of MTA.

Asunto(s)

Compuestos de Aluminio , Biopelículas , Compuestos de Calcio , Combinación de Medicamentos , Enterococcus faecalis , Farnesol , Ensayo de Materiales , Óxidos , Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular , Silicatos , Solubilidad , Silicatos/farmacología , Silicatos/química , Óxidos/farmacología , Óxidos/química , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Compuestos de Calcio/farmacología , Compuestos de Calcio/química , Enterococcus faecalis/efectos de los fármacos , Compuestos de Aluminio/farmacología , Compuestos de Aluminio/química , Farnesol/farmacología , Farnesol/química , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Factores de Tiempo , Bovinos , Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular/farmacología , Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular/química , Animales , Análisis de Varianza , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Dentina/efectos de los fármacos , Valores de Referencia , Propiedades de Superficie/efectos de los fármacos

RESUMEN

Abstract This study assessed the physicochemical and antibiofilm properties of white mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) associated with 1 or 2% of farnesol. Setting time was evaluated based on ISO 6876/2012. Radiopacity was evaluated by radiographic analysis. pH was assessed after time intervals of 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Solubility (% mass loss) and volumetric change (by micro-CT) of the cements were evaluated after immersion in distilled water. The presence of voids inside the materials was assessed by using micro-CT. Antibiofilm activity against Enterococcus faecalis was evaluated by crystal violet assay and the modified direct contact test performed with biofilm previously formed on bovine root dentin for 14 days. Data were submitted to ANOVA/Tukey tests with 5% significance level. The incorporation of farnesol into MTA increased its setting time, but decreased its solubility at 30 days and its volumetric loss in all periods (p < 0.05). Radiopacity and solubility after 7 days were similar among the materials (p > 0.05). The association of farnesol showed the highest pH value after 1 and 3 days (p < 0.05). The association of farnesol with MTA promoted a decrease in the presence of voids, and increased the antimicrobial activity on biofilm biomass of E. faecalis (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the addition of farnesol can be suggested to improve the antimicrobial properties and the consistency of MTA.

RESUMEN

Biosilicate is a bioactive glass-ceramic used in medical and dental applications. This study evaluated novel reparative materials composed of pure tricalcium silicate (TCS), 30% zirconium oxide (ZrO2 ) and 10 or 20% biosilicate, in comparison with Biodentine. Setting time was evaluated based on ISO 6876 standard, radiopacity by radiographic analysis, solubility by mass loss, and pH by using a pH meter. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and NR assays. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and alizarin red were used to evaluate cell bioactivity. Antimicrobial activity was assessed on Enterococcus faecalis by the direct contact test. The data were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA)/Tukey; Bonferroni and Kruskal-Wallis, and Dunn tests (α = 0.05). The association of Biosilicate with TCS + ZrO2 had appropriate setting time, radiopacity, and solubility, alkaline pH, and antimicrobial activity. TCS and Biodentine showed higher ALP activity in 14 days than the control (serum-free medium). All cements produced mineralized nodules. In conclusion, Biosilicate + TCS ZrO2 decreased the setting time and increased the radiopacity in comparison to TCS. Biosilicate + TCS ZrO2 presented lower solubility and higher radiopacity than Biodentine. In addition, these experimental cements promoted antimicrobial activity and mineralization nodules formation, suggesting their potential for clinical use.

Asunto(s)

Compuestos de Calcio/química , Vidrio/química , Silicatos/química , Circonio/química , Fosfatasa Alcalina , Antraquinonas , Materiales Biocompatibles , Cementos para Huesos , Neoplasias Óseas/patología , Compuestos de Calcio/farmacología , Compuestos de Calcio/toxicidad , Línea Celular Tumoral , Cementos Dentales , Enterococcus faecalis/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Ensayo de Materiales , Osteosarcoma/patología , Cemento de Silicato , Silicatos/farmacología , Silicatos/toxicidad , Solubilidad , Circonio/farmacología , Circonio/toxicidad

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate tricalcium silicate-based (TCS) experimental materials, associated with zirconium oxide (ZrO2), calcium tungstate (CaWO4) or niobium oxide (Nb2O5) radiopacifiers, in comparison with MTA Repair HP (Angelus). METHODS: Physicochemical tests: setting time, radiopacity, pH and solubility. In vitro assays: cytotoxicity: MTT and Neutral Red - NR; cell bioactivity: alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), Alzarin red staining (ARS) and real time PCR (qPCR). Antibacterial activity: direct contact on Enterococcus faecalis in the planktonic form. Physicochemical and ARS data were submitted to ANOVA/Tukey tests; antibacterial activity, to Kruskall-Wallis and Dunn tests; MTT, NR, ALP and qPCR were analyzed by ANOVA/Bonferroni tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS: TCS + CaWO4 presented the longest setting time and MTA HP the shortest. Except for TCS, all the materials presented radiopacity above 3 mmAl. The cements had alkaline pH, antibacterial activity, low solubility and no cytotoxic effects. The highest ALP activity occurred in 14 days, especially to TCS, TCS + ZrO2 and TCS + CaWO4. TCS + ZrO2, TCS + Nb2O5 and MTAHP had higher mineralized nodule formation than those of the negative control (NC). After 7 days, there was no difference in mRNA expression for ALP, when compared to NC. However, after 14 days there was no overexpressed ALP mRNA, especially TCS + Nb2O5, in relation to the CN. All the materials presented antimicrobial action. SIGNIFICANCE: The pure tricalcium silicate associated with ZrO2, CaWO4 or Nb2O5 had appropriate physicochemical properties, antibacterial activity, cytocompatibility and induced mineralization in Saos-2, indicating their use as reparative materials.

Asunto(s)

Antiinfecciosos , Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Compuestos de Calcio/farmacología , Cementos Dentales/farmacología , Combinación de Medicamentos , Ensayo de Materiales , Óxidos/farmacología , Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular/farmacología , Silicatos/farmacología

RESUMEN

Abstract Differences in liquid-to-powder ratio can affect the properties of calcium silicate-based materials. This study assessed the influence of powder-to-gel ratio on physicochemical properties of NeoMTA Plus. Setting time (minutes), flow (mm and mm²), pH (at different periods), radiopacity (mm Al) and solubility (% mass loss) were evaluated using the consistencies for root repair material (NMTAP-RP; 3 scoops of powder to 2 drops of gel) and root canal sealer (NMTAP-SE; 3 scoops of powder to 3 drops of gel), in comparison to Biodentine cement (BIO) and TotalFill BC sealer (TFBC). Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (α=0.05). BIO had the shortest setting time, followed by NMTAP-RP and NMTAP-SE. TFBC showed the highest setting time and radiopacity. BIO, NMTAP-RP, and NMTAP-SE had similar radiopacity. All materials promoted an alkaline pH. NMTAP-RP/SE presented lower solubility than BIO and TFBC. Regarding the flow, TFBC had the highest values, followed by NMTAP-SE, and NMTAP-RP. BIO had the lowest flow. In conclusion, NMTAP in both powder-to-gel ratios showed high pH and low solubility. The increase in the powder ratio decreased the setting time and flow. These findings are important regarding the proper consistency and work time to clinical application.

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Resumen Las diferencias en la proporción líquido/polvo pueden afectar las propiedades de los materiales a base de silicato de calcio. Este estudio evaluó la influencia de la proporción polvo/gel en las propiedades fisicoquímicas del cemento NeoMTA Plus. El tiempo de fraguado (minutos), la fluidez (mm y mm²), el pH (en diferentes períodos), la radiopacidad (mmAl) y la solubilidad (% de pérdida de masa) fueron evaluados utilizando las consistencias para el material de reparación radicular (NMTAP-RP; 3 cucharadas de polvo/2 gotas de gel) y para cemento sellador del conducto radicular (NMTAP-SE; 3 cucharadas de polvo/3 gotas de gel), en comparación con el cemento Biodentine (BIO) y el cemento TotalFill BC (TFBC). El análisis estadístico se realizó utilizando las pruebas ANOVA y Tukey unidireccionales (α=0.05). BIO tuvo el tiempo de fraguado más corto, seguido de NMTAP-RP y NMTAP-SE. TFBC mostró el mayor tiempo de fraguado y radiopacidad. BIO, NMTAP-RP y NMTAP-SE tuvieron una radiopacidad similar. Todos los materiales promovieron un pH alcalino. NMTAP-RP/ SE tuvieron una solubilidad menor que BIO y TFBC. Con respecto a la fluidez, TFBC tuvo los valores más altos, seguido de NMTAP-SE y NMTAP-RP. BIO tuvo la fluidez más baja. En conclusión, NMTAP en la relación polvo/gel mostró un pH alto y una baja solubilidad. El aumento en la proporción de polvo disminuyó el tiempo de fraguado y la fluidez. Estos hallazgos son importantes con respecto a su consistencia y tiempo de trabajo durante la aplicación clínica.

Asunto(s)

Calcarea Silicata/análisis , Química Física , Cemento Dental

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Calcium silicate-based materials have been proposed as root canal sealers for root canal treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical properties of a new calcium silicate-based sealer (Bio-C Sealer; Angelus, PR, Brazil) compared with a calcium silicate endodontic sealer (TotalFill BC Sealer; FKG Dentaire SA, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland) and an epoxy resin sealer (AH Plus; Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany). METHODS: The setting time and flow were evaluated based on ISO 6876 standard. The pH value was evaluated after different time intervals of storage in deionized water (1, 7, 14, and 21 days). Radiopacity was evaluated by radiographic analysis in millimeters of aluminum. Solubility and volumetric change were evaluated after 30 days of immersion in distilled water. Solubility was assessed by mass loss (%), and volumetric change was evaluated by micro-computed tomographic imaging. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey statistical tests (P < .05). RESULTS: TotalFill BC Sealer and Bio-C Sealer were similar regarding radiopacity, volumetric change, and pH values (P > .05). Bio-C Sealer presented the shortest setting time and the highest flow and solubility (P < .05). AH Plus showed the highest radiopacity and the lowest flow, pH, solubility, and volumetric change (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Bio-C Sealer showed a short setting time, alkalinization ability, and adequate flow and radiopacity as well as low volumetric change. However, this sealer had higher solubility than the rates required by ISO 6876 standard.

Asunto(s)

Compuestos de Calcio , Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular , Silicatos , Compuestos de Calcio/química , Combinación de Medicamentos , Resinas Epoxi , Ensayo de Materiales , Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular/química , Silicatos/química

RESUMEN

The aim of this study was to evaluate physical properties of endodontic sealers (AH Plus, MTA Fillapex and Endofill), by conventional and micro-CT tests. Dimensional stability was evaluated after immersion of materials in distilled water for 30 days. Solubility and volumetric change were evaluated after 7 and 30 days of immersion in distilled water. Solubility was evaluated by means of mass loss and volumetric change was assessed by micro-CT. Porosity was evaluated under a microscope after 7 days of immersion in distilled water, and by using micro-CT after setting and immersion in distilled water for 7 and 30 days. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA and Tukey's test with 5% significance level. MTA Fillapex presented the highest solubility (p<0.05), showing values above the ISO/ADA recommendations. MTA Fillapex presented higher volumetric and dimensional changes, followed by Endofill and AH Plus (p<0.05). Dimensional stability of the MTA Fillapex and AH Plus did not follow ISO/ADA standards. The highest total porosity was observed for MTA Fillapex (p<0.05). Endofill had higher total porosity than AH Plus according to microscope evaluation (p<0,05), and both sealers were similar in micro-CT assessment (p>0,05). In conclusion, MTA Fillapex presented higher solubility, dimensional and volumetric change besides porosity compared to the other evaluated sealers. The assessed physical properties of sealers are related, and the different tests provided complementary data. Micro-CT is a valuable method for assessment of physical properties of endodontic materials.

Asunto(s)

Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular , Compuestos de Calcio , Combinación de Medicamentos , Resinas Epoxi , Ensayo de Materiales , Óxidos , Porosidad , Solubilidad , Agua , Microtomografía por Rayos X

RESUMEN

This study evaluated physicochemical properties, cytotoxicity and bioactivity of MTA Angelus (MTA), calcium silicate-based cement (CSC) and CSC with 30% Ytterbium oxide (CSC/Yb2O3). Setting time was evaluated using Gilmore needles. Compressive strength was evaluated in a mechanical machine. Radiopacity was evaluated using radiographs of materials and an aluminum scale. Solubility was evaluated after immersion in water. Cell viability was evaluated by means of MTT assay and neutral red staining, and the mineralization activity by using alkaline phosphatase activity and Alizarin Red staining. The data were submitted to ANOVA, Tukey and Bonferroni tests (5% significance). The bioactive potential was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. The materials presented similar setting time. MTA showed the lowest compressive strength. MTA and CSC/Yb2O3 presented similar radiopacity. CSC/Yb2O3 showed low solubility. Saos-2 cell viability tests showed no cytotoxic effect, except to 1:1 dilution in NR assay which had lower cell viability when compared to the control. ALP at 1 and 7 days was similar to the control. MTA and CSC had greater ALP activity at 3 days when compared to control. All the materials present higher mineralized nodules when compared with the control. SEM analysis showed structures suggesting the presence of calcium phosphate on the surface of materials demonstrating bioactivity. Ytterbium oxide proved to be a properly radiopacifying agent for calcium silicate-based cement since it did not affected the physicochemical and biological properties besides preserving the bioactive potential of this material.

Asunto(s)

Bismuto/química , Compuestos de Calcio/química , Cementos Dentales/química , Óxidos/química , Silicatos/química , Iterbio/química , Compuestos de Aluminio/química , Supervivencia Celular , Fenómenos Químicos , Fuerza Compresiva , Ensayo de Materiales , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Solubilidad , Coloración y Etiquetado

RESUMEN

Abstract This study evaluated physicochemical properties, cytotoxicity and bioactivity of MTA Angelus (MTA), calcium silicate-based cement (CSC) and CSC with 30% Ytterbium oxide (CSC/Yb2O3). Setting time was evaluated using Gilmore needles. Compressive strength was evaluated in a mechanical machine. Radiopacity was evaluated using radiographs of materials and an aluminum scale. Solubility was evaluated after immersion in water. Cell viability was evaluated by means of MTT assay and neutral red staining, and the mineralization activity by using alkaline phosphatase activity and Alizarin Red staining. The data were submitted to ANOVA, Tukey and Bonferroni tests (5% significance). The bioactive potential was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. The materials presented similar setting time. MTA showed the lowest compressive strength. MTA and CSC/Yb2O3 presented similar radiopacity. CSC/Yb2O3 showed low solubility. Saos-2 cell viability tests showed no cytotoxic effect, except to 1:1 dilution in NR assay which had lower cell viability when compared to the control. ALP at 1 and 7 days was similar to the control. MTA and CSC had greater ALP activity at 3 days when compared to control. All the materials present higher mineralized nodules when compared with the control. SEM analysis showed structures suggesting the presence of calcium phosphate on the surface of materials demonstrating bioactivity. Ytterbium oxide proved to be a properly radiopacifying agent for calcium silicate-based cement since it did not affected the physicochemical and biological properties besides preserving the bioactive potential of this material.

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Resumo Este estudo avaliou as propriedades físico-químicas, citotoxicidade e bioatividade do MTA Angelus (MTA), cimento à base de silicato de cálcio (CSC) e CSC com 30% de óxido de itérbio (CSC/Yb2O3). O tempo de presa foi avaliado usando agulhas Gilmore. A resistência à compressão foi avaliada em uma máquina mecânica. A radiopacidade foi avaliada utilizando radiografias dos materiais e uma escala de alumínio. A solubilidade foi avaliada após imersão em água. A viabilidade celular foi avaliada por meio do ensaio MTT e coloração de vermelho neutro (NR), e a atividade de mineralização por meio da atividade da fosfatase alcalina e a coloração com Vermelho de Alizarina. Os dados foram submetidos aos testes ANOVA, Tukey e Bonferroni (5% de significância). O potencial bioativo foi avaliado por microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os materiais apresentaram tempo de presa semelhante. O MTA mostrou menor resistência à compressão. MTA e CSC/Yb2O3 apresentaram radiopacidade semelhante. CSC/Yb2O3 apresentou menores valores de solubilidade. A viabilidade celular realizada pelos ensaios de MTT e NR não revelaram efeitos ctotóxicos em todas as diluições, exceto na diluição 1:1 no NR, o qual mostrou baixa viabilidade celular (p<0.05) em todos materiais testados quando comparado ao controle. A atividade de ALP em 1 e 7 dias foi similar ao controle (p>0.05). MTA e CSC tiveram significante aumento na atividade de ALP aos 3 dias quando comarados ao controle (p>0.05). Todos os materiais apresentaram grande produção de nódulos mineralizados quando comparados ao controle (P<0.05). A análise da SEM mostrou estruturas que sugerem a presença de depósitos de fosfato de cálcio na superfície dos materiais demonstrando bioatividade. O Yb2O3 mostrou ser um agente radiopacificador adequado em cimentos à base de silicato de cálcio uma vez que não afetou as propriedades físico-químicas e biológicas e ainda preservou o potencial bioativo desse material.

Asunto(s)

Óxidos/química , Iterbio/química , Bismuto/química , Silicatos/química , Compuestos de Calcio/química , Cementos Dentales/química , Solubilidad , Coloración y Etiquetado , Ensayo de Materiales , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Supervivencia Celular , Compuestos de Aluminio/química , Fuerza Compresiva , Fenómenos Químicos

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the absorption/fluid uptake, solubility and porosity of White mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) Angelus, Biodentine (BIO), and zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Solubility was evaluated after immersion in distilled water for 7 and 30 days. Porosity was evaluated using digital inverted microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). For the fluid uptake test, specimens were immersed in Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) for 1, 7, 14 and 28 days. Fluid absorption, solubility and porosity of the materials were measured after each period. Statistical evaluation was performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests, with a significance level at 5%. RESULTS: After 7 and 30 days, BIO showed the highest solubility (p<0.05). All methods demonstrated that MTA had total porosity higher than BIO and ZOE (p<0.05). Micro-CT analysis showed that MTA had the highest porosity at the initial period, after its setting time (p<0.05). After 7 and 30 days, ZOE had porosity lower than MTA and BIO (p<0.05). Absorption was similar among the materials (p>0.05), and higher fluid uptake and solubility were observed for MTA in the fluid uptake test (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: BIO had the highest solubility in the conventional test and MTA had higher porosity and fluid uptake. ZOE had lower values of solubility, porosity and fluid uptake. Solubility, porosity and fluid uptake are related, and the tests used provided complementary data.

Asunto(s)

Compuestos de Aluminio/química , Compuestos de Calcio/química , Óxidos/química , Silicatos/química , Cemento de Óxido de Zinc-Eugenol/química , Análisis de Varianza , Combinación de Medicamentos , Inmersión , Ensayo de Materiales , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Porosidad , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Solubilidad , Propiedades de Superficie , Factores de Tiempo , Agua/química , Microtomografía por Rayos X

RESUMEN

Introdução: o MTA Repair HP é um material à base de MTA, com modificações do radiopacificador e veículo, em relação ao MTA Angelus. Objetivo: avaliar o tempo de presa, a radiopacidade e solubilidade do MTA Repair HP na proporção pó-líquido indicada pelo fabricante (MTA HP+, sendo 0,8g de pó e 320 µl de líquido) ou com menor quantidade de pó (MTA HP-, sendo 0,7g de pó e 320 µl de líquido), em comparação ao MTA Angelus. Métodos: a radiopacidade foi avaliada por radiografias dos materiais, em comparação a uma escala de alumínio. O tempo de presa foi avaliado por agulhas de Gilmore e a solubilidade, após imersão dos materiais em água destilada (7 dias). Os dados foram analisados por meio dos testes ANOVA e Tukey, com um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: os tempos de presa inicial e final foram maiores para o MTA HP- do que para o MTA HP+ e o MTA Angelus (p < 0,05). O MTA HP+ e o MTA HP- apresentaram maior solubilidade do que o MTA Angelus (p < 0,05). Os valores de radiopacidade do MTA HP+ e do MTA HPforam menores do que do MTA Angelus (p < 0,05). Conclusão: a diminuição da quantidade de pó-líquido do MTA HP resulta em tempo de presa mais longo, sem alteração das demais propriedades avaliadas. O MTA HP apresenta menor radiopacidade do que o MTA Angelus.

Asunto(s)

Análisis de Varianza , Materiales Biocompatibles , Interpretación Estadística de Datos , Ensayo de Materiales/métodos , Fenómenos Químicos , Solubilidad

RESUMEN

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the absorption/fluid uptake, solubility and porosity of White mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) Angelus, Biodentine (BIO), and zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE). Material and Methods: Solubility was evaluated after immersion in distilled water for 7 and 30 days. Porosity was evaluated using digital inverted microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). For the fluid uptake test, specimens were immersed in Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) for 1, 7, 14 and 28 days. Fluid absorption, solubility and porosity of the materials were measured after each period. Statistical evaluation was performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests, with a significance level at 5%. Results: After 7 and 30 days, BIO showed the highest solubility (p<0.05). All methods demonstrated that MTA had total porosity higher than BIO and ZOE (p<0.05). Micro-CT analysis showed that MTA had the highest porosity at the initial period, after its setting time (p<0.05). After 7 and 30 days, ZOE had porosity lower than MTA and BIO (p<0.05). Absorption was similar among the materials (p>0.05), and higher fluid uptake and solubility were observed for MTA in the fluid uptake test (p<0.05). Conclusions: BIO had the highest solubility in the conventional test and MTA had higher porosity and fluid uptake. ZOE had lower values of solubility, porosity and fluid uptake. Solubility, porosity and fluid uptake are related, and the tests used provided complementary data.

Asunto(s)

Óxidos/química , Cemento de Óxido de Zinc-Eugenol/química , Silicatos/química , Compuestos de Calcio/química , Compuestos de Aluminio/química , Solubilidad , Propiedades de Superficie , Factores de Tiempo , Ensayo de Materiales , Agua/química , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Análisis de Varianza , Porosidad , Combinación de Medicamentos , Microtomografía por Rayos X , Inmersión

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate solubility, dimensional stability, filling ability and volumetric change of root-end filling materials using conventional tests and new Micro-CT-based methods. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 7. RESULTS: The results suggested correlated or complementary data between the proposed tests. At 7 days, BIO showed higher solubility and at 30 days, showed higher volumetric change in comparison with MTA (p<0.05). With regard to volumetric change, the tested materials were similar (p>0.05) at 7 days. At 30 days, they presented similar solubility. BIO and MTA showed higher dimensional stability than ZOE (p<0.05). ZOE and BIO showed higher filling ability (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: ZOE presented a higher dimensional change, and BIO had greater solubility after 7 days. BIO presented filling ability and dimensional stability, but greater volumetric change than MTA after 30 days. Micro-CT can provide important data on the physicochemical properties of materials complementing conventional tests.

Asunto(s)

Bismuto/química , Compuestos de Calcio/química , Óxidos/química , Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular/química , Silicatos/química , Microtomografía por Rayos X/métodos , Cemento de Óxido de Zinc-Eugenol/química , Análisis de Varianza , Ensayo de Materiales , Modelos Dentales , Valores de Referencia , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Solubilidad , Factores de Tiempo

RESUMEN

Abstract Objective To evaluate solubility, dimensional stability, filling ability and volumetric change of root-end filling materials using conventional tests and new Micro-CT-based methods. Material and Methods Solubility (loss of mass) after 7 and 30 days, and dimensional stability (in mm) were evaluated in accordance with Carvalho-Junior, et al. 7 (2007). The filling ability and volumetric change (in mm3) were evaluated by Micro-CT (Bruker-MicroCT, Kontich, Belgium) using resin models with cavities 3 mm deep and 1 mm in diameter. The cavities were filled with materials to evaluate filling ability, and then scanned by Micro-CT. After 7 and 30 days immersed in distilled water, the filled cavities were scanned again to evaluate the volumetric change. MTA Angelus (MTA), Biodentine (BIO) and zinc oxide-eugenol cement (ZOE) were evaluated. Data were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test with 5% significance level. Results The results suggested correlated or complementary data between the proposed tests. At 7 days, BIO showed higher solubility and at 30 days, showed higher volumetric change in comparison with MTA (p<0.05). With regard to volumetric change, the tested materials were similar (p>0.05) at 7 days. At 30 days, they presented similar solubility. BIO and MTA showed higher dimensional stability than ZOE (p<0.05). ZOE and BIO showed higher filling ability (p<0.05). Conclusions ZOE presented a higher dimensional change, and BIO had greater solubility after 7 days. BIO presented filling ability and dimensional stability, but greater volumetric change than MTA after 30 days. Micro-CT can provide important data on the physicochemical properties of materials complementing conventional tests.

Asunto(s)

Óxidos/química , Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular/química , Cemento de Óxido de Zinc-Eugenol/química , Bismuto/química , Silicatos/química , Compuestos de Calcio/química , Microtomografía por Rayos X/métodos , Valores de Referencia , Solubilidad , Factores de Tiempo , Ensayo de Materiales , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Análisis de Varianza , Modelos Dentales

RESUMEN

The aim of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical properties and the apical dentin bond strength of the tricalcium silicate-based Biodentine in comparison to white MTA and zinc oxide eugenol-based cement (ZOE). Setting time and radiopacity were evaluated according to ISO 6876:2012 specification. Final setting time, compressive strength and pH were also assessed. Material's bond strength to the apical root canal dentin was measured by the push-out assay. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey-Krammer post-hoc test. Biodentine presented the shortest initial (16.2±1.48 min) and final setting time (35.4±5.55 min). Radiopacity of Biodentine (2.79±0.27 mmAl) does not agree with ISO 6876:2012 specifications. On the other hand, Biodentine showed higher compressive strength after 21 days (37.22±5.27 MPa) and higher dentin bond strength (11.2±2.16 MPa) in comparison to white MTA (27.68±3.56 MPa for compressive strength and 2.98±0.64 MPa for bond strength) (p<0.05). Both MTA and Biodentine produced an alkaline environment (approximately pH 10) (p>0.05) compared to ZOE (pH 7). It may be concluded that Biodentine exhibited faster setting, higher long-term compressive strength and bond strength to the apical dentin than MTA and ZOE.

Asunto(s)

Compuestos de Calcio/química , Dentina/química , Silicatos/química , Humanos , Ensayo de Materiales , Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular

RESUMEN

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical properties and the apical dentin bond strength of the tricalcium silicate-based Biodentine in comparison to white MTA and zinc oxide eugenol-based cement (ZOE). Setting time and radiopacity were evaluated according to ISO 6876:2012 specification. Final setting time, compressive strength and pH were also assessed. Material’s bond strength to the apical root canal dentin was measured by the push-out assay. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey-Krammer post-hoc test. Biodentine presented the shortest initial (16.2±1.48 min) and final setting time (35.4±5.55 min). Radiopacity of Biodentine (2.79±0.27 mmAl) does not agree with ISO 6876:2012 specifications. On the other hand, Biodentine showed higher compressive strength after 21 days (37.22±5.27 MPa) and higher dentin bond strength (11.2±2.16 MPa) in comparison to white MTA (27.68±3.56 MPa for compressive strength and 2.98±0.64 MPa for bond strength) (p<0.05). Both MTA and Biodentine produced an alkaline environment (approximately pH 10) (p>0.05) compared to ZOE (pH 7). It may be concluded that Biodentine exhibited faster setting, higher long-term compressive strength and bond strength to the apical dentin than MTA and ZOE.

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Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as propriedades físico-químicas e a resistência de união à dentina apical do cimento Biodentine em comparação ao MTA branco e cimento à base de óxido de zinco e eugenol (OZE). O tempo de presa e a radiopacidade foram avaliados de acordo com as especificações ISO 6876:2012. O tempo de presa final, a resistência à compressão e o pH também foram avaliados. A resistência de união dos materiais à dentina apical do canal radicular foi avaliada por meio do ensaio push-out. Dados foram analisados por ANOVA e teste complementar de Tukey-Krammer. Biodentine apresentou o menor tempo de presa inicial (16,2±1,48 min) e final (35,4±5,55 min). Os valores de radiopacidade do Biodentine (2,79±0,27 mmAl) não estão de acordo com as especificações ISO 6876:2012. Por outro lado, este material apresentou maior resistência à compressão após 21 dias (37,22±5,27 MPa) e maiores valores de adesão à dentina (11,2±2,16 MPa) em comparação ao MTA branco (27,68±3,56 MPa de resistência à compressão e 2,98±0,64 MPa de resistência de união) (p>0.05). Ambos os materiais produziram ambiente alcalino (aproximadamente 10) (p>0.05) em comparação ao OZE (pH 7). Pode-se concluir que o Biodentine demonstrou endurecimento mais rápido e apresentou maior resistência à compressão e resistência de união à dentina apical do que MTA e OZE.

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Compuestos de Calcio/química , Dentina/química , Silicatos/química , Ensayo de Materiales , Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular

RESUMEN

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Portland cement (PC) are calcium silicate cements. They have similar physicochemical, mechanical and biological properties. The addition of zirconium oxide (ZrO2) to PC provides radiopacity. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) may improve some properties of cements. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of AgNPs on physicochemical/mechanical properties and antibacterial activity of white MTA (WMTA) and PC associated with ZrO2. The following materials were evaluated: WMTA; PC 70% + ZrO2 30%; WMTA+ AgNPs; and PC 70% + ZrO2 30% + AgNPs. The study evaluated radiopacity, setting time, pH, compressive strength and solubility. For radiopacity analysis, radiographs were made alongside an aluminum (Al) step wedge. To evaluate the antibacterial activity, direct contact test was performed on planktonic cells and Enterococcus faecalis biofilm induced on bovine root dentin for 14 days. The experimental periods were 5 and 15 h. Data were obtained as CFU mL-1. The obtained data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey tests (p<0.05). The addition of AgNPs to WMTA increased the pH, lowered the solubility and the initial and final setting times. The addition of AgNPs to PC/ZrO2 maintained the pH, lowered the solubility, and increased the setting time and compressive strength. The radiopacity of all materials was higher than 4 mmAl. The addition of AgNPs promoted an increase in antibacterial activity for calcium silicate cements and favored the physicochemical and mechanical properties of the materials.

Asunto(s)

Antibacterianos/farmacología , Compuestos de Calcio/química , Cementos Dentales/química , Nanopartículas del Metal , Silicatos/química , Plata/química , Antibacterianos/química

RESUMEN

Abstract Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Portland cement (PC) are calcium silicate cements. They have similar physicochemical, mechanical and biological properties. The addition of zirconium oxide (ZrO2) to PC provides radiopacity. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) may improve some properties of cements. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of AgNPs on physicochemical/mechanical properties and antibacterial activity of white MTA (WMTA) and PC associated with ZrO2. The following materials were evaluated: WMTA; PC 70% + ZrO2 30%; WMTA+ AgNPs; and PC 70% + ZrO2 30% + AgNPs. The study evaluated radiopacity, setting time, pH, compressive strength and solubility. For radiopacity analysis, radiographs were made alongside an aluminum (Al) step wedge. To evaluate the antibacterial activity, direct contact test was performed on planktonic cells and Enterococcus faecalis biofilm induced on bovine root dentin for 14 days. The experimental periods were 5 and 15 h. Data were obtained as CFU mL-1. The obtained data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey tests (p<0.05). The addition of AgNPs to WMTA increased the pH, lowered the solubility and the initial and final setting times. The addition of AgNPs to PC/ZrO2 maintained the pH, lowered the solubility, and increased the setting time and compressive strength. The radiopacity of all materials was higher than 4 mmAl. The addition of AgNPs promoted an increase in antibacterial activity for calcium silicate cements and favored the physicochemical and mechanical properties of the materials.

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Resumo Mineral trióxido agregado (MTA) e cimento Portland (CP) são cimentos à base de silicato de cálcio. Eles apresentam propriedades físico-químicas, mecânica e biológicas semelhantes. A adição de óxido de zircônio (ZrO2) ao CP confere radiopacidade. Nanopartículas de prata (NPsAg) podem melhorar propriedades dos cimentos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da NPsAg nas propriedades físico-químicas, mecânicas e na atividade antibacteriana do MTA branco (WMTA) e CP associado ao ZrO2. Os seguintes materiais foram avaliados: WMTA; CP 70% + ZrO2 30%; ; WMTA + NPsAg; CP 70% + ZrO2 30% + NPsAg. Foram avaliados a radiopacidade, tempo de presa, pH, resistência à compressão e solubilidade. Para análise da radiopacidade foram tiradas radiografias ao lado de uma escala de alumínio (Al). Para avaliar a atividade antibacteriana, foi realizado o teste de contato direto sobre células planctônicas e biofilme de Enterococcus faecalis formado em dentina radicular bovina durante 14 dias. Os períodos experimentais foram 5 e 15 h. Os dados foram obtidos como UFC mL-1 e submetidos aos testes de ANOVA e Tukey (p<0,05). A adição de NPsAg ao WMTA elevou o pH, diminuiu a solubilidade e os tempos de presa inicial e final. A adição de NPsAg ao CP/ZrO2 manteve o pH, diminuiu a solubilidade, aumentou o tempo de presa e a resistência à compressão. A radiopacidade de todos os materiais foi maior do que 4 mmAl. A adição de NPsAg promoveu um aumento da atividade antibacteriana dos cimentos à base de silicato de cálcio e favoreceu as propriedades físico-químicas e mecânicas dos materiais.

Asunto(s)

Antibacterianos/farmacología , Compuestos de Calcio/química , Cementos Dentales/química , Nanopartículas del Metal , Silicatos/química , Plata/química , Antibacterianos/química

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) is a calcium silicate cement composed of Portland cement (PC) and bismuth oxide. Hydroxyapatite has been incorporated to enhance mechanical and biological properties of dental materials. This study evaluated physicochemical and mechanical properties and antibiofilm activity of MTA and PC associated with zirconium oxide (ZrO2) and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAn). MATERIAL AND METHODS: White MTA (Angelus, Brazil); PC (70%)+ZrO2 (30%); PC (60%)+ZrO2 (30%)+HAn (10%); PC (50%)+ZrO2 (30%)+HAn (20%) were evaluated. The pH was assessed by a digital pH-meter and solubility by mass loss. Setting time was evaluated by using Gilmore needles. Compressive strength was analyzed by mechanical test. Samples were radiographed alongside an aluminum step wedge to evaluate radiopacity. For the antibiofilm evaluation, materials were placed in direct contact with E. faecalis biofilm induced on dentine blocks. The number of colony-forming units (CFU mL-1) in the remaining biolfilm was evaluated. The results were submitted to ANOVA and the Tukey test, with 5% significance. RESULTS: There was no difference in pH levels of PC+ZrO2, PC+ZrO2+HAn (10%) and PC+ZrO2+HAn (20%) (p>0.05) and these cements presented higher pH levels than MTA (p<0.05). The highest solubility was observed in PC+ZrO2+HAn (10%) and PC+ZrO2+HAn (20%) (p<0.05). MTA had the shortest initial setting time (p<0.05). All the materials showed radiopacity higher than 3 mmAl. PC+ZrO2 and MTA had the highest compressive strength (p<0.05). Materials did not completely neutralize the bacterial biofilm, but the association with HAn provided greater bacterial reduction than MTA and PC+ZrO2 (p<0.05) after the post-manipulation period of 2 days. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of HAn to PC associated with ZrO2 harmed the compressive strength and solubility. On the other hand, HAn did not change the pH and the initial setting time, but improved the radiopacity (HAn 10%), the final setting time and the E. faecalis antibiofilm activity of the cement.

Asunto(s)

Compuestos de Aluminio/química , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Compuestos de Calcio/química , Durapatita/química , Enterococcus faecalis/efectos de los fármacos , Nanopartículas/química , Óxidos/química , Silicatos/química , Circonio/química , Compuestos de Aluminio/farmacología , Análisis de Varianza , Bismuto/química , Bismuto/farmacología , Compuestos de Calcio/farmacología , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , Fuerza Compresiva , Cementos Dentales/química , Cementos Dentales/farmacología , Combinación de Medicamentos , Durapatita/farmacología , Enterococcus faecalis/crecimiento & desarrollo , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Ensayo de Materiales , Óxidos/farmacología , Silicatos/farmacología , Solubilidad , Factores de Tiempo , Circonio/farmacología

RESUMEN

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the bond strength of root-end filling materials. Forty 2-mm-thick slices were obtained from human single-rooted teeth. After root canal preparation using a 1.5 mm diameter cylindrical drill, the dentinal walls were prepared by diamond ultrasonic tip (CVD T0F-2). The specimens were divided according the material (n=10): MTA Angelus (MTAA), MTA Sealer (MTAS, experimental), Sealer 26 (S26) and zinc oxide and eugenol cement (ZOE). The push-out test was performed in a mechanical test machine (EMIC DL 2000) at 1 mm/min speed. The failure type was evaluated by stereomicroscopy. The results were subjected to ANOVA and Tukey test, at 5% significance level. MTAA (19.18 MPa), MTAS (19.13 MPa) and S26 (15.91 MPa) showed higher bond strength (p<0.05). ZOE (9.50 MPa) showed the least bond strength values (p<0.05). Adhesive failure was prevalent in all groups, except for ZOE, which showed mixed failures. It was concluded that root-end filling materials MTA Angelus, MTA Sealer and Sealer 26 showed higher bond strength to dentinal walls than zinc oxide and eugenol cement after retrograde preparation.

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Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a resistência de união de materiais retrobturadores. Quarenta fatias de 2 mm de espessura foram obtidas a partir de dentes unirradiculares humanos. Após o preparo do canal radicular usando uma broca cilíndrica de 1,5 mm de diâmetro, as paredes de dentina foram preparadas usando uma ponta de ultra-som diamantada (CVD T0F-2). As amostras foram divididas de acordo com os materiais (n=10): MTA Angelus (MTAA), MTA Sealer (MTAS, experimental), Sealer 26 (S26) e óxido de zinco e eugenol (ZOE). O teste de push-out foi realizado utilizando uma máquina de ensaios mecânicos (EMIC DL 2000) com velocidade de 1 mm/min. O tipo de falha foi avaliado em estereomicroscópio. Os resultados foram submetidos a ANOVA e teste de Tukey, com níveis de variância de 5%. MTAA (19,18 MPa), MTAS (19,13 MPa) e S26 (15,91 MPa) apresentaram os maiores valores de resistência de união (p<0,05). ZOE (9,50 MPa) apresentou os menores valores de resistência de união (p<0,05). A falha adesiva foi prevalente em todos os grupos, com exceção do ZOE, que apresentou falhas mistas. Concluiu-se que os materiais retrobturadores MTA Angelus, MTA Sealer e Sealer 26 apresentam maior resistência de união às paredes dentinárias que o óxido de zinco e eugenol após o preparo retrógrado.

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Ensayo de Materiales , Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular/química , Preparación del Conducto Radicular