RESUMEN
The role of wound protectors in laparoscopic surgeries is highly controversial in the literature. Some studies demonstrate their benefit in reducing the rate of surgical site infections; however, these results are not reproducible across all procedures. In addition to protecting the operative wound, these devices can be used at sites of surgical specimen extraction in laparoscopic procedures. Several commercially available devices serve this purpose but are scarcely available in resource-limited settings. One of the reasons for this limitation is the cost of the device. In this technical note, we aim to provide a cost-effective option utilizing materials readily available in the operating room and with a simple fabrication process.
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Laparoscopía , Laparoscopía/instrumentación , Laparoscopía/economía , Laparoscopía/métodos , Humanos , Diseño de Equipo , Infección de la Herida Quirúrgica/prevención & control , Infección de la Herida Quirúrgica/economíaRESUMEN
ABSTRACT The role of wound protectors in laparoscopic surgeries is highly controversial in the literature. Some studies demonstrate their benefit in reducing the rate of surgical site infections; however, these results are not reproducible across all procedures. In addition to protecting the operative wound, these devices can be used at sites of surgical specimen extraction in laparoscopic procedures. Several commercially available devices serve this purpose but are scarcely available in resource-limited settings. One of the reasons for this limitation is the cost of the device. In this technical note, we aim to provide a cost-effective option utilizing materials readily available in the operating room and with a simple fabrication process.
RESUMO O papel dos protetores de ferida operatória em cirurgias laparoscópicas é bastante controverso na literatura. Alguns estudos demonstram seu benefício na redução da taxa de infeções de sítio cirúrgico, porém esses resultados não são reprodutíveis em todos os procedimentos. Além da proteção da ferida operatória, esses dispositivos podem ser utilizados nos sítios de extração de peças cirúrgicas em procedimentos laparoscópicos. Há vários dispositivos comercialmente disponíveis para esse fim, entretanto são pouco disponíveis nos serviços com menos recursos. Um dos motivos dessa limitação é o custo do dispositivo. Nesta nota, buscamos oferecer uma opção barata que utiliza materiais amplamente disponíveis no centro cirúrgico e cuja confecção é simples.
RESUMEN
PURPOSE: We analyzed the morbidity and mortality associated with Hartmann's reversal (HR) and the risk factors for major complications and mortality. METHODS: The subjects of this retrospective study were patients who underwent HR in a high-volume center. We evaluated complications as categorical variables using univariate analyses. RESULTS: Between 2003 and 2018, 199 patients underwent HR at our hospital [56.5 years; body mass index (BMI): 26.3 kg/m2; American Society of Anesthesiology score (ASA) 3: 7.5%; 36.2% had hernias]. The mean time to HR was 20.2 months and the mean operation time was 302 min. The anastomosis was stapled in 71.4% and was performed in the low/medium rectum in 21.6%. Midline hernias were repaired with mesh in 80.1%. The mean hospitalization period was 10.1 days. Surgical site infection (SSI) developed in 27.1% of the patients, 94.4% of whom were treated at the bedside. BMI was a risk factor for SSI (27.8 vs. 25.6; p = 0.047). Major complications (Clavien-Dindo III-V) developed in 27 patients (13.5%), including anastomosis dehiscence in 2.5%. ASA, BMI, age, hernia repair, and rectal stump size were not associated with major complications. The mortality rate was 2.5%. An ASA of 3 was associated with high mortality (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Hartmann's reversal remains challenging but can have low complication and mortality rates if performed on selected patients in a reference center. An ASA of 3 was the only predictor of mortality.
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Colostomía/métodos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Brasil , Colostomía/mortalidad , Femenino , Hospitales/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Tiempo de Internación , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tempo Operativo , Selección de Paciente , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Dehiscencia de la Herida Operatoria/epidemiología , Dehiscencia de la Herida Operatoria/etiología , Infección de la Herida Quirúrgica/epidemiología , Infección de la Herida Quirúrgica/etiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Pancreatic necrosis occurs in 15% of acute pancreatitis. The presence of infection is the most important factor in the evolution of pancreatitis. The diagnosis of infection is still challenging. Mortality in infected necrosis is 20%; in the presence of organic dysfunction, mortality reaches 60%. In the last three decades, there has been a real revolution in the treatment of infected pancreatic necrosis. However, the challenges persist and there are many unsolved questions: antibiotic treatment alone, tomography-guided percutaneous drainage, endoscopic drainage, video-assisted extraperitoneal debridement, extraperitoneal access, open necrosectomy? A step up approach has been proposed, beginning with less invasive procedures and reserving the operative intervention for patients in which the previous procedure did not solve the problem definitively. Indication and timing of the intervention should be determined by the clinical course. Ideally, the intervention should be done only after the fourth week of evolution, when it is observed a better delimitation of necrosis. Treatment should be individualized. There is no procedure that should be the first and best option for all patients. The objective of this work is to critically review the current state of the art of the treatment of infected pancreatic necrosis.
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Pancreatitis Aguda Necrotizante/microbiología , Pancreatitis Aguda Necrotizante/terapia , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Pancreatitis Aguda Necrotizante/diagnósticoRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Pancreatic necrosis occurs in 15% of acute pancreatitis. The presence of infection is the most important factor in the evolution of pancreatitis. The diagnosis of infection is still challenging. Mortality in infected necrosis is 20%; in the presence of organic dysfunction, mortality reaches 60%. In the last three decades, there has been a real revolution in the treatment of infected pancreatic necrosis. However, the challenges persist and there are many unsolved questions: antibiotic treatment alone, tomography-guided percutaneous drainage, endoscopic drainage, video-assisted extraperitoneal debridement, extraperitoneal access, open necrosectomy? A step up approach has been proposed, beginning with less invasive procedures and reserving the operative intervention for patients in which the previous procedure did not solve the problem definitively. Indication and timing of the intervention should be determined by the clinical course. Ideally, the intervention should be done only after the fourth week of evolution, when it is observed a better delimitation of necrosis. Treatment should be individualized. There is no procedure that should be the first and best option for all patients. The objective of this work is to critically review the current state of the art of the treatment of infected pancreatic necrosis.
RESUMO A necrose pancreática ocorre em 15% das pancreatites agudas. A presença de infecção é o fator mais importante na evolução da pancreatite. Confirmar o diagnóstico de infecção ainda é um desafio. A mortalidade na necrose infectada é de 30% e na vigência de disfunção orgânica, chega a 70%. Nas últimas décadas, ocorreu uma verdadeira revolução no tratamento da necrose pancreática infectada. Mesmo assim, persiste o desafio e há múltiplas questões ainda não resolvidas: tratamento exclusivo com antibiótico, drenagem percutânea guiada por tomografia, drenagem por via endoscópica, desbridamento extra-peritoneal vídeo-assistido, acesso extra-peritoneal, necrosectomia por via aberta? Foi proposto o tratamento por etapas, "step up approach", iniciando-se com as medidas menos invasivas e reservando-se a intervenção operatória para os casos em que o procedimento anterior não resolver definitivamente o problema. A indicação e o momento da intervenção devem ser determinados pela evolução clínica. O ideal é que a intervenção seja feita apenas depois da quarta semana de evolução, quando já existe melhor delimitação da necrose. O tratamento deve ser individualizado. Não existe um procedimento que deva ser o primeiro e a melhor opção para todos os doentes. O objetivo deste trabalho é fazer uma análise crítica do estado atual do tratamento da necrose pancreática infectada.
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Humanos , Pancreatitis Aguda Necrotizante/microbiología , Pancreatitis Aguda Necrotizante/terapia , Pancreatitis Aguda Necrotizante/diagnóstico , Antibacterianos/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE:: To present our experience in the management of patients with infected pancreatic necrosis without drainage. METHODS:: The records of patients with pancreatic necrosis admitted to our facility from 2011 to 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS:: We identified 61 patients with pancreatic necrosis. Six patients with pancreatic necrosis and gas in the retroperitoneum were treated exclusively with clinical support without any type of drainage. Only 2 patients had an APACHE II score >8. The first computed tomography scan revealed the presence of gas in 5 patients. The Balthazar computed tomography severity index score was >9 in 5 of the 6 patients. All patients were treated with antibiotics for at least 3 weeks. Blood cultures were positive in only 2 patients. Parenteral nutrition was not used in these patients. The length of hospital stay exceeded three weeks for 5 patients; 3 patients had to be readmitted. A cholecystectomy was performed after necrosis was completely resolved; pancreatitis recurred in 2 patients before the operation. No patients died. CONCLUSIONS:: In selected patients, infected pancreatic necrosis (gas in the retroperitoneum) can be treated without percutaneous drainage or any additional surgical intervention. Intervention procedures should be performed for patients who exhibit clinical and laboratory deterioration.
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Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Gases , Pancreatitis Aguda Necrotizante/tratamiento farmacológico , Espacio Retroperitoneal , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Tiempo de Internación , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pancreatitis Aguda Necrotizante/diagnóstico por imagen , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To present our experience in the management of patients with infected pancreatic necrosis without drainage. METHODS: The records of patients with pancreatic necrosis admitted to our facility from 2011 to 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: We identified 61 patients with pancreatic necrosis. Six patients with pancreatic necrosis and gas in the retroperitoneum were treated exclusively with clinical support without any type of drainage. Only 2 patients had an APACHE II score >8. The first computed tomography scan revealed the presence of gas in 5 patients. The Balthazar computed tomography severity index score was >9 in 5 of the 6 patients. All patients were treated with antibiotics for at least 3 weeks. Blood cultures were positive in only 2 patients. Parenteral nutrition was not used in these patients. The length of hospital stay exceeded three weeks for 5 patients; 3 patients had to be readmitted. A cholecystectomy was performed after necrosis was completely resolved; pancreatitis recurred in 2 patients before the operation. No patients died. CONCLUSIONS: In selected patients, infected pancreatic necrosis (gas in the retroperitoneum) can be treated without percutaneous drainage or any additional surgical intervention. Intervention procedures should be performed for patients who exhibit clinical and laboratory deterioration.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Gases , Pancreatitis Aguda Necrotizante/tratamiento farmacológico , Espacio Retroperitoneal , Tiempo de Internación , Pancreatitis Aguda Necrotizante/diagnóstico por imagen , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
INTRODUÇÃO: No tratamento das emergências abdominais, a realização de ostomia pode ser uma conduta salvadora, principalmente em situações agudas associadas a peritonite e condições nutricionais, hemodinâmicas ou metabólicas comprometidas. No entanto, a ostomia causa muito desconforto e problemas ao doente. Embora não seja obrigatório seu fechamento, é comum o desejo da reconstituição do trânsito intestinal, uma vez superada a fase aguda da doença. Esta operação sempre foi considerada de alto risco, envolvendo anastomose intestinal em doentes recém-submetidos a outras operações abdominais, frequentemente em vigência de peritonite. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a casuística das operações para reconstituição do trânsito intestinal em portadores de ostomias terminais, realizadas na urgência, avaliando a morbidade e a mortalidade deste procedimento, bem como seus fatores preditivos, a fim de identificar doentes cuja operação ofereça maiores riscos. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados, retrospectivamente, os prontuários de todos os doentes submetidos a operações para reconstituição do trânsito intestinal realizadas pela equipe da Divisão de Clínica Cirúrgica III do Departamento de Cirurgia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, de fevereiro de 2003 a janeiro de 2012, totalizando 176 portadores de ostomias terminais. Foram analisados dados demográficos, comorbidades, uso de medicamentos e fatores relacionados tanto à doença que resultou em ostomia quanto à operação para reconstituição do trânsito intestinal e sua relação com complicações, mortalidade e os subgrupos complicações intra-abdominais, sistêmicas, infecções de parede abdominal e deiscências de anastomose. RESULTADOS: Observamos complicações em 35,2% dos doentes, deiscência de anastomose em 2,3%, infecção de ferida operatória em 26,7% e mortalidade de 2,8%. Não houve correlação entre dados demográficos da população e complicações...
INTRODUCTION: Performing an ostomy may be a life-saving measure in the management of abdominal emergencies, especially in acute situations associated with peritonitis and impaired nutritional, hemodynamic or metabolic conditions. However, ostomies cause much discomfort and problems to the patient. Although ostomy closure is not mandatory, it is common for patients to desire restoration of the intestinal continuity once they recover from the acute phase of the disease. This has always been considered a high-risk procedure, involving an intestinal anastomosis in patients who have recently undergone other abdominal surgeries, frequently in the presence of peritonitis. The objective of this study is to analyze the operations for restoration of the intestinal continuity in patients with end ostomies performed on an urgent basis and the procedure-related morbidity and mortality, as well as their predictors, in order to identify patients for whom the operation has higher risks. METHODS: The medical records of all patients undergoing surgery for the restoration of the intestinal continuity performed by the team of the Division of Surgical Clinic III of the Department of Surgery, Clinics Hospital, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, from February 2003 to January 2012 were retrospectively analyzed, in a total of 176 patients with end ostomies. Demographics, comorbidities, use of medications, and factors related to both the disease which resulted in ostomy and the operation for restoration of the intestinal continuity and their relation to complications, mortality, and the subgroups of intra-abdominal and systemic complications, infections of the abdominal wall and anastomotic dehiscence were analyzed. RESULTS: We found complications in 35.2% of patients; anastomotic dehiscence in 2.3%; surgical wound infection in 26.7%; and a mortality rate of 2.8%. No correlation was found between the population demographics and complications, but rather between the age above...
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Colostomía , Colon/cirugía , Morbilidad , Mortalidad , Estomía , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Factores de Riesgo , Recto/cirugíaAsunto(s)
Colon Sigmoide/lesiones , Migración de Cuerpo Extraño/complicaciones , Dispositivos Intrauterinos de Cobre/efectos adversos , Colon Sigmoide/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Migración de Cuerpo Extraño/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Laparoscopía/métodos , Dolor/etiología , Radiografía , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
A Derivação Gástrica em Y de Roux com Bandagem por Videolaparoscopiaé uma das opções no tratamento cirúrgico da obesidade mórbida. Os autores apresentam aspectos técnicos, evolutivos, clínicos e as complicações inerentes ao procedimento.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Cirugía Bariátrica , Derivación Gástrica , Laparoscopía , Obesidad Mórbida/cirugíaRESUMEN
As medidas basicas para o tratamento da claudicacao intermitente sao aquelas que visam reduzir a resistencia da rede circulatoria colateral e o controle dos fatores de risco. O objetivo desse trabalho e avaliar o resultado do tratamento clinico em pacientes com obstrucao de aorta abdominal estudando prospectivamente 55 pacientes por 26 meses. Verificamos grande melhora clinica no grupo de pacientes que aderiram ao tratamento clinico (melhora de 68,75 por cento dos casos X 39,1) e analisando-se o grupo de pacientes que nao realizaram o tratamento adequadamente, observou-se que os que fumavam mas seguiam treinamento, tiveram resultado significativamente superior aos que nao treinavam (73 por cento X 8,3 por cento)(p<0,01)...