RESUMEN
Physical status and nutrition and energy value of factual diets of 18 rugby players (15-30 years old) assessed during current medical observation were analyzed. Anthropometric data (height, body mass--BM, waist circumference/ hip circumference index, body mass index--BMI), body composition data and resting metabolic rate by bioimpedance method (analyzer ABC-01 "Medass") were determined. These indices were found to be normal except more high level of BMI due to high levels of lean and skeletal muscle mass, but not a result of obesity. Estimation of factual nutrition based on 1-day feeding (nutrition-screening questionnaire method) has demonstrate that it was not optimal both for energy and nutrition value for this group of physical activity. Energy value ranged from 1889 kcal to 3175 kcal (22.5-35.1 kcal/kg BM/day) with lower carbohydrate intake (46.9%) and higher fat intake (35.8%) were found. Nutrition value ranges: protein--67-144 g (0.71-1.38 kcal/kg BM/day), fat--75-140 g (0.88-1.51 kcal/kg BM/day), carbohydrate--173-420 g (2.17-4.66 kcal/kg BM/day) were observed. The findings suggest the need to pay more attention to in-depth study of dietary intake of athletes to maintain health and to create optimal conditions for a professional sports activities.
Asunto(s)
Atletas , Metabolismo Energético/fisiología , Fútbol Americano , Actividad Motora/fisiología , Estado Nutricional/fisiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
Physical status of 12 sportswomen - member of Russia weight lifting team during training period was analiysed. Anthropometric, bioimpedance methods with analyzer ABC-01 "Medass" in observation [body weight Index (index Ketle-2), waist circle/hip circle index] and body compositions were used (adipose, bone and muscle tissues masse). Data obtained when bioimpedance method was used indicated: normal body weight and relative adipose mass to body weight - in 92%, surplus - in 8% of cases; body weight Index and normal level of adipose mass - in 75%, surplus - in 25%; active cellular mass and bone mass and general body liquid were found to be normal. 14-day feeding ration for sportswomen were analysed and 3 times per day food intakes was found to be not optimal. Data obtained let to recommend set of daily food products to compose optimal ration for present sportswomen group when energetic value of 4500 kKal and high nutritional value would be provided.
Asunto(s)
Rendimiento Atlético/fisiología , Dieta/métodos , Fenómenos Fisiológicos de la Nutrición , Estado Nutricional , Levantamiento de Peso/fisiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Antropometría , Femenino , Humanos , Necesidades Nutricionales , Federación de Rusia , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
An assessment of actual nutrition and physical fitness of athletes of the Russian national sleigh team are presented, and the need to develop for them the individual well-balanced diet that will reimburse the amount of consumed energy and nutrients and help athletes to obtain high results.
Asunto(s)
Atletas , Rendimiento Atlético/fisiología , Dieta , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Federación de RusiaRESUMEN
Basic principles of optimal nutrition of sportsmen in various kinds of sport are formulated. Their diet must be well-balanced in terms of all nutrients and contain essential vitamins and minerals. There is outlined an indispensable content of the basic nutrients in sportsmen's daily diet: proteins, fats, carbohydrates, as well as vitamins and minerals.
Asunto(s)
Carbohidratos de la Dieta , Grasas de la Dieta , Proteínas en la Dieta , Necesidades Nutricionales , Deportes , Carbohidratos de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Carbohidratos de la Dieta/normas , Grasas de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Grasas de la Dieta/normas , Proteínas en la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Proteínas en la Dieta/normas , Metabolismo Energético/fisiología , HumanosRESUMEN
The article provides data on peculiarities of individual nutrition of sportsmen and on necessity of developing domestic specialized competitions foods, which can be used during competitions and extensive trainings, characterized by big physical activity and high emotional stress.
Asunto(s)
Dieta , Metabolismo Energético/fisiología , Necesidades Nutricionales , Deportes/fisiología , Carbohidratos de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Carbohidratos de la Dieta/metabolismo , Grasas de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Grasas de la Dieta/metabolismo , Proteínas en la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Proteínas en la Dieta/metabolismo , Humanos , Valor NutritivoRESUMEN
The article provides grounds for application of special-purpose foods by sportsmen during intensive training and competitions. Last these foods posses, height biological activity, what upon their limited application, at provides energy regeneration of energy, vitamins and minerals and normalization of water-salt metabolism.
Asunto(s)
Dieta , Necesidades Nutricionales , Deportes/fisiología , Metabolismo Energético , Humanos , Valor NutritivoRESUMEN
The method of actual feeding evaluation on frequency of food-stuffs consumption was developed. The method of 24-hour reproduction of a feed and the method of consumed food registration in a diary by testing person himself. The main results of study testified to reliability of data, received by a developed method.
Asunto(s)
Registros de Dieta , Conducta Alimentaria , Encuestas Nutricionales , Adulto , Anciano , Metabolismo Energético/fisiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Valores de Referencia , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Federación de Rusia , Distribución por Sexo , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
In this part of the study the nutritional status of Moscow's schoolchildren was assessed by height and weight. The anthropometric data were compared with the CDC/WHO international growth references standards by ANTHRO version 1.01 software. The prevalence of low weight-for-age (Z-score < -2) was more frequent in boys of 15 years of age. Low height-for-age was more prevalent in the group of boys of 15 and girls of 10 years of age. In the period under study there was a slight decrease in height and weight of schoolchildren, but this was within the limits of expected normal variation. A few selected socio-economic variables such as parental education, family size, participation in organized sports and use of school breakfast/lunch options were included. The size of the family or whether it is a one- or two-parent household does not seem to influence energy or nutrient intake, nor are the anthropometric variables significantly affected. The more size of family and the lower the father's education than lower the children's total fat intake and intake of energy from fat.
Asunto(s)
Ingestión de Alimentos/fisiología , Encuestas Nutricionales , Estado Nutricional , Medio Social , Estudiantes , Adolescente , Antropometría , Estatura/fisiología , Peso Corporal/fisiología , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Moscú , Factores SocioeconómicosRESUMEN
Medico-biological requirements for the chemical composition of specialized products (mixtures) with high content of carbohydrates have been considered. The mixtures are intended for creation of energy reserves and acceleration of restoration processes in persons who were subjected to high physical and neuro-emotional stresses. The chemical composition and fatty-acid content of the high-carbohydrate nutritional mixture are presented.
Asunto(s)
Carbohidratos de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Ingestión de Energía , Alimentos Fortificados , Fenómenos Fisiológicos de la Nutrición/fisiología , Educación y Entrenamiento Físico/normas , Medicina Deportiva/normas , Carbohidratos de la Dieta/metabolismo , Grasas de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Grasas de la Dieta/metabolismo , Proteínas en la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Proteínas en la Dieta/metabolismo , Metabolismo Energético/fisiología , Ácidos Grasos/administración & dosificación , Ácidos Grasos/química , Ácidos Grasos/metabolismo , Humanos , Minerales/administración & dosificación , Necesidades Nutricionales , U.R.S.S.RESUMEN
Actual nutrition of bicyclists engaged in road cycle race was analyzed at different stages of their training (at sport camps) and during contests. The effectiveness of special carbohydrate and protein products on certain parameters of metabolism in the athletes was studied. It was found that such special products favourably affect the parameters of protein, electrolyte metabolism, health state and working capacity of the athletes. In the athletes who received special products a tendency was observed to intensified anabolic processes in nitrogen metabolism, acceleration of redox processes, and stabilization of blood glucose level during intensive physical loads.
Asunto(s)
Ciclismo , Estado Nutricional , Educación y Entrenamiento Físico , Deportes , Adolescente , Adulto , Carbohidratos de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Proteínas en la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Ingestión de Energía , Metabolismo Energético , Alimentos Fortificados , Humanos , U.R.S.S.RESUMEN
In experiments on rats subjected for 30 days to perform a graded muscular work (swimming) the influence produced by different levels of protein in the diet (6,18 and 30% by calorific value) on the accretion of body mass, physical work capacity, diurnal passage of total nitrogen, creatinine and creatine with urine was studied. At rest and following the maximum physical efforts the sugar, lactate and pyruvic acids levels were measured in the blood of rats. Food rations with low protein content (6% of the total caloricity), when used in conditions involving physical efforts, exerted an adverse effect on the growth, development and physical work capacity of the animals. The use of a protein-rich diet (30% by caloricity) did not show any substantial advantages over the standard one (18% of protein). In rats fed on diets with 18 and 30% of protein (in terms of caloricity) the body mass gain, physical work capacity and also the nature of changes in the content of lactate, pyruvate and sugar in the blood were the same.