RESUMEN
Aim: To analyze the clinical evidence for a diagnosis of peripheral vascular trauma based on occurrence and type, in children between six months and twelve years old. Method: Survey of peripheral venous punctures performed in children having a first puncture on that site. Daily clinical evaluations were performed on the puncture site and adjacent areas at intervals, commencing within 24 hours following the puncture and continuing until the resolution of the trauma, or the patients discharge, excluding any subsequent punctures. Results: From the 338 punctures observed, 53.3% presented with at least one clinical manifestation of trauma, characterized by: pain (30.1%), change in the skin color (18.6%), skin integrity (47.7%), functional capacity (6.2%) or local temperature (14.2%). Discussion: The defining characteristics of peripheral vascular trauma generated a scientific theoretical structure for the nurses in their clinical practice, alerting them to the occurrence of this event in children. Conclusion: The characterization of vascular trauma in children permits a re-evaluation of this procedure.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Niño , Diagnóstico de Enfermería , Enfermería Pediátrica , Heridas y Lesiones , Venas , Traumatismos CerebrovascularesRESUMEN
RATIONALE: Preschoolers show peculiarities that reinforce the importance of assessing their pulmonary function. However, there are few data on the success rate and between-occasions reproducibility of pulmonary function tests in preschoolers, particularly in the Brazilian population. OBJECTIVE: To assess the success rate and between-occasions reproducibility of the variables obtained by spirometry and respiratory inductive plethysmography in healthy children aged 4-6 years. METHODS: Breathing pattern was assessed by plethysmography (tidal volume-V(T), respiratory rate-f, inspiratory duty cycle-Ti/Ttot, mean respiratory flow-V(T)/Ti, displacement of the rib cage-RC and phase relation during the total breath-PhRTB) and spirometry (forced vital capacity-FVC, forced expiratory volume in 0.5 sec-FEV0.5 and forced expiratory volume in first second-FEV1) in 47 healthy children, aged 4-6 years. To evaluate between-occasions reproducibility, 10 children (according to the sample size calculation) were reassessed after 3 weeks. Between-occasions reproducibility was evaluated by paired t-test, considering significant P < 0.05, Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and coefficient of variation of method error (CV(ME)). RESULTS: The results showed an 83% success rate for spirometry and a 98% success rate for plethysmography. Regarding reproducibility, there were no significant differences between the variables of any test. Spirometry ICC was above 0.80 and the CV(ME) was lower than 10%. The plethysmography ICC was between 0.61 and 0.95, and the CV(ME) was between 2% and 31%. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest a high success rate in performing the pulmonary function tests and good between-occasions reproducibility for spirometry and plethysmography in healthy preschoolers.
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Pletismografía/métodos , Espirometría/métodos , Brasil , Niño , Preescolar , Estudios de Factibilidad , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
The observation that the fluidity must remain within a critical interval, outside which the stability and functionality of the cell tends to decrease, shows that stability, fluidity and function are related and that the measure of erythrocyte stability allows inferences about the fluidity or functionality of these cells. This study determined the biochemical and hematological variables that are directly or indirectly related to erythrocyte stability in a population of 71 volunteers. Data were evaluated by bivariate and multivariate analysis. The erythrocyte stability showed a greater association with hematological variables than the biochemical variables. The RDW stands out for its strong correlation with the stability of erythrocyte membrane, without being heavily influenced by other factors. Regarding the biochemical variables, the erythrocyte stability was more sensitive to LDL-C. Erythrocyte stability was significantly associated with RDW and LDL-C. Thus, the level of LDL-C is a consistent link between stability and functionality, suggesting that a measure of stability could be more one indirect parameter for assessing the risk of degenerative processes associated with high levels of LDL-C.
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Membrana Eritrocítica/metabolismo , Hematología , Lípidos/sangre , Fluidez de la Membrana , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis MultivarianteRESUMEN
Since RNA extraction is a crucial step in many molecular techniques, the protocols for sample collection and RNA purification need to be adapted to optimize their performance when samples are collected from animals at commercial facilities. Here we provide an RNA purification protocol for animal tissues collected from slaughterhouses. This protocol, modified from other techniques, uses TRIzol Reagent. Sample collection was performed wearing sterile gloves and facemasks, using sterile surgical instruments, and no longer than 8 min spent for each sample. A 0.9% sterile sodium chloride solution was used to wash the tissue before each sample collection. The whole process of RNA extraction was performed under cold environment and sterile conditions. This protocol produced good RNA yields (50 µg RNA per 100 mg tissue), good integrity and purity (Abs(260/280) from 1.8 to 2.0), from tissues such as liver, muscle, hypophysis, adipose tissue, and intestinal mucosa, in less than 2 h.