RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Metastasis is the worst prognostic variable of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). For the development of metastases, it is necessary that cancer cells detach from the primary tumor, migrate into the angiolymphatic system, and invade the tissue where they will develop. The breakdown of the tight junctions (TJs) plays an important role in colorectal metastatic tumors. Claudin-3 and occludin are the main component proteins of TJs. AIM: To analyze the expression and tissue content of claudin-3 and occludin in normal and neoplastic tissues of patients with metastatic CRC. METHODS: Fifty-seven consecutive patients with stage III and IV CRC were included. Fragments of neoplastic tissue were collected from the tumor margins, and samples of the normal tissue were collected from the same patient in a standardized distance of 10 cm from the cranial margin of the tumor. Immunohistochemistry technique was used to identify the tissue staining of claudin-3 and occludin. To measure the content of both proteins in cellular membranes of normal and cancer cells, a validated immunoscore was used. RESULTS: Claudin-3 and occludin in normal tissues are in the apical and lateral membranes of cells, while in the neoplastic, in cytoplasm. The mean of the tissue content of claudin-3 in the normal tissue was 2.57 ± 0.16, while in the neoplastic tissue was 1.03 ± 0.13. The contents of occludin were 2.77 ± 0.1 in normal tissue, while in the neoplastic were 1.08 ± 0.14. CONCLUSION: There is a reduction in the content of the claudin-3 and occludin in the cell membranes of the neoplastic tissue in patients with CRC.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Colorrectales , Uniones Estrechas , Humanos , Ocludina/análisis , Ocludina/metabolismo , Claudina-3/análisis , Claudina-3/metabolismo , Claudina-1/análisis , Claudina-1/metabolismo , Uniones Estrechas/química , Uniones Estrechas/metabolismo , Uniones Estrechas/patología , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patologíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: This work had the objective of verifying the validity of using computerized morphometry as a method of quantitative analysis of the interference of edema in scar formation following colon anastomosis. METHODS: Forty-five adult female Wistar rats were utilized, divided into three groups of 15 animals according to whether sacrifice was performed on the first, second or seventh postoperative day. Each group was subdivided into a main group consisting of 10 animals, and a control group consisting of five animals. In the main group, in addition to the quantitative computerized morphometric analysis of the edema in the submucosal layer, the resistance of the colon anastomosis to bursting strength was verified. In the control group, edema quantification was studied alone. RESULTS: The results found via the computerized morphometry method showed that there is a 7% decrease in the presence of edema during the first postoperative week. They confirmed that there is an inverse statistically significant relationship (p 0.001) between edema presence and the resistance of the anastomosis to bursting strength. CONCLUSION: The use of computerized morphometry is a reliable, fast, objective and low-cost methodology for the quantification of edema in colon anastomoses.
OBJETIVO: Verificar a validade do emprego da morfometria computadorizada, como método de análise quantitativa da interferência do edema na cicatrização das anastomoses cólicas. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 45 ratos, Wistar, fêmeas adultas, divididas em três grupos de 15 animais segundo a data do sacrifício ter sido realizada no primeiro, segundo e sétimo pós-operatório. Cada grupo foi subdividido em grupo principal, constituído de 10 animais, onde além da análise morfométrica computadorizada quantitativa do edema na camada submucosa foi verificada a resistência da anastomose cólica à pressão de explosão e um grupo controle, constituído de cinco animais, onde se estudou isoladamente a quantificação do edema. RESULTADOS: Os resultados encontrados pelo método morfométrico computadorizado constataram que existe redução de 7%, em valores percentuais, da presença do edema durante a primeira semana pós-operatória e confirmaram que existe relação inversa, estatisticamente significante (p 0,001), entre a presença de edema e a resistência a pressão de explosão da anastomose. CONCLUSÃO: O emprego da morfometria computadorizada é metodologia fidedigna, rápida, objetiva e de baixo custo na quantificação de edema nas anastomoses cólicas.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of total splenectomy and proximal gastric vagotomy (PGV) isolated or associated to the vascularization of the stomach. METHODS: Twenty-eight dogs were distributed in: group A - animals undergoing laparotomy and gastric manipulation; group B - animals undergoing PGV; group C - animals undergoing PGV and splenectomy; and group D - animals undergoing splenectomy alone. All animals were sacrificed on the 7th postoperative day, and immediately followed by infusion of xanthene dye into the thoracic aorta. On the gastric mucous surface, the formation of stained areas and other areas lacking staining was measured by millimeter squares, planimetry and the computerized morphometry method. RESULTS: The formation of an area lacking in staining along the lesser gastric curvature was seen in all animals of groups B and C, which was significantly increased in group C, although in groups A and D such areas were not observed. CONCLUSION: These results showed that, in animals with splenectomy, the vascularization of the stomach was capable of perfusing the whole organ surface, but in animals with PGV alone or associated with splenectomy there was a notable decrease in blood supply throughout the area of the lesser gastric curvature, which suggests the ischemic impairment of this region.
OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos da esplenectomia total e da vagotomia gástrica proximal (VGP) isoladas e associadas sobre a vascularização gástrica. MÉTODOS: Utilizaram-se 28 cães, distribuídos em quatro grupos: grupo A, laparotomia e manipulação gástrica; grupo B, VGP; grupo C, VGP associada à esplenectomia; grupo D, esplenectomia isolada. Todos os animais foram mortos no 7º pós-operatório e imediatamente infundiu-se o corante na aorta torácica. O estômago aberto pela grande curvatura foi fotografado. Na superfície mucosa gástrica, a formação de áreas coradas e desprovidas de coloração foi mensurada por três métodos: decomposição milimétrica, planimétrico e morfometria computadorizada. RESULTADOS: Verificou-se nos grupos B e C formação de área desprovida de coloração na pequena curvatura gástrica, sendo significativamente maior no grupo C (p 0,05). Nos grupos A e D tais áreas não foram observadas. A análise estatística não revelou diferenças significativas entre os resultados dos três métodos utilizados. CONCLUSÕES: Nas condições desse estudo os resultados permitiram concluir que nos animais com o estômago íntegro e naqueles onde a esplenectomia foi realizada de forma isolada, a vascularização do estômago permitiu a perfusão de toda a superfície do órgão. Nos animais submetidos a VGP isolada e principalmente quando a VGP foi associada ã esplenectomia ocorreu significativa diminuição do suprimento sangüíneo na curvatura gástrica menor, sugerindo a potencialidade isquêmica dessa região.