RESUMEN
The chemical composition, digestibility, and voluntary feed intake by sheep of mango by-products were studied in an experiment with five dietary treatments consisting of mango peels and seed kernels, offered individually or together with urea block and a control. The mango residues were offered with rice straw and the control diet was straw only. Five groups of five male sheep of Djallonké type, 12-18 months old and weighing on average 18.6 kg were allocated randomly to the diets to assess the voluntary feed intake. Apparent digestibility of the same diets was measured using four sheep per diet. The mango residues were low in crude protein, 67 and 70 g/kg dry matter for the peels and the seed kernels, respectively. The content of neutral detergent fiber varied from 306 to 388 g/kg dry matter (DM) for the kernel and the peels, respectively. The kernel had relatively high level of fat (105 g/kg DM) and tannins (29 and 40 g/kg DM of hydrolysable and total tannins, respectively). The highest intake was observed with the diet containing both residues and urea block (741 g/day). The intake of kernels was lower in all diets when offered with the peels than when offered with rice straw alone. Apparent digestibility of the diets containing mango residues was 0.60-0.65. The peels and kernels had high digestibility coefficients (0.74 and 0.70, respectively). Based on the results above, it can be concluded that it would be interesting to test the residues in a growth experiment.
Asunto(s)
Alimentación Animal/análisis , Digestión , Conducta Alimentaria , Mangifera/química , Oveja Doméstica/fisiología , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales de los Animales , Animales , Dieta/veterinaria , Masculino , Semillas/químicaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Chronic postoperative pain (CPOP) has been assessed after major orthopedic surgeries but not after carpal tunnel surgery (CTS). This study aimed at describing the evolution of nocturnal and diurnal pains during the year following CTS, and at looking for factors associated with CPOP. METHODS: Cohort of adult outpatients operated by one single surgeon, under regional anaesthesia (RA). Patients were questioned in the recovery room, and phoned 3 days and 12 months later. A multivariate analysis tested the association between CPOP and preoperative demographics, regional anaesthesia protocol, pain during RA, surgery and the first 3 postoperative days, postoperative complications. RESULTS: Between November 2006 and June 2010, 324 of 389 patients could be included. The nocturnal and diurnal pains disappeared on the evening of the procedure in 55% (180/324) and 50% (163/324) of patients respectively. At one year, 12% of patients (40/324) complained of pain which characteristic was similar to the preoperative one, and 22% (71/324) complained of a new pain (different from the preoperative one), which was therefore considered as CPOP. CPOP was associated with a decreased functional score (QuickDASH). After multivariate analysis, CPOP was associated with postoperative pain from D0 to D3 (p=0.02), minor postoperative complications (p<0.001) and absence of hypnotic approach during surgery (p=0.01). CONCLUSION: One year after CTS, 22% of patients have CPOP. This incidence is similar to the one observed after major surgeries. This study suggests for the first time that a hypnotic approach during the surgical procedure might decrease the CPOP incidence.
Asunto(s)
Síndrome del Túnel Carpiano/cirugía , Dolor Crónico/epidemiología , Dolor Postoperatorio/epidemiología , Anciano , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Ambulatorios , Anestesia , Dolor Crónico/etiología , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Hipnosis Anestésica , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Procedimientos Ortopédicos , Dolor Postoperatorio/etiología , Medicación Preanestésica , Estudios Prospectivos , Calidad de Vida , Factores de Riesgo , Factores Sexuales , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
The drug-drug interaction between fluvoxamine (FLV) and clozapine (CLZ) was evaluated by in-vitro and in-vivo methods. In-vitro studies were conducted using human hepatic microsomal preparations with standard chemical inhibitors of the cytochrome P450 (CYP 450) isozyme system. Furafyline, FLV, troleandomycin (TAO) and erythromycin were used as the chemical inhibitors. For the in-vivo study, nine male schizophrenic patients were administered a single dose of CLZ 50 mg on two separate occasions with a 2-week FLV treatment of 50 mg twice a day in between each CLZ dose. Blood samples were obtained over 48 h following CLZ administration. CLZ and its two principle metabolites, clozapine N-oxide (CNO) and desmethylclozapine (DCLZ), were measured by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection for both in-vitro and in-vivo studies. The in-vitro formation of DCLZ was inhibited by furafyline and FLV by 42.0% and 48.5% (P<0.01), respectively. TAO and erythromycin had only modest inhibition effects on DCLZ formation of 18.3% and 21.0% (P = NS), respectively. CNO in-vitro formation was significantly reduced by TAO and erythromycin by 44.5% and 45.0% (P<0.01), respectively. Furafyline and FLV had only modest effects of 19.2% and 8.5% (P = NS), respectively. In schizophrenic patients, FLV resulted in a pronounced increased in CLZ plasma concentrations with the total mean CLZ AUC increased by a factor of 2.58 from 780.8 ng/ml per hour to 2218.0 ng/ml per hour (P<0.001). All patients were sedated during combined FLV and CLZ use. During FLV treatment, CNO and DCLZ AUC both decreased by 18.8% (P = 0.07) and 9.0% (P = NS), respectively. These results indicate that in-vitro evaluations may not always accurately reflect changes in drug-drug interaction observed in-vivo. Careful patient monitoring is recommended during FLV/CLZ co-administration.
Asunto(s)
Ansiolíticos/farmacocinética , Antipsicóticos/farmacocinética , Clozapina/farmacocinética , Fluvoxamina/farmacocinética , Esquizofrenia/sangre , Adulto , Ansiolíticos/sangre , Antipsicóticos/sangre , Área Bajo la Curva , Clozapina/sangre , Interacciones Farmacológicas , Fluvoxamina/sangre , Humanos , Masculino , Microsomas Hepáticos/efectos de los fármacos , Microsomas Hepáticos/metabolismo , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Case reports of a lithium-ketorolac drug interaction have been published, but no formal investigation of this interaction has been conducted. The objective of the study presented here was to determine significant changes in lithium serum and red blood cell (RBC) concentrations after lithium and ketorolac (oral formulation) coadministration at steady-state conditions. Five healthy men participated in the study and received lithium 900 mg/day (300 mg in the morning and 600 mg at bedtime) for 13 days. Ketorolac 40 mg/day (10 mg four times a day) was added on days 8 through 12. Ten blood samples were obtained on days 7 and 13 to determine area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) lithium serum and RBC concentrations. Serum and RBC lithium concentrations were assayed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry with an intra-assay coefficient of variation (CV) of 1.2% on day 1 (range 0-1.0 microg/mL) and 4.9% (range 0-1.0 microg/mL) on day 2 and an interassay CV of 2.9% (range 0-1.0 microg/mL) on days 1 and 2 of serum analysis and a CV of 5.3% (range 0-0.3 microg/mL) of RBC concentrations. Total serum AUC lithium and RBC AUC values significantly increased by 24% (p < 0.02) and by 27% (p < 0.05) with the ketorolac coadministration, respectively. An increased incidence and severity of lithium-associated side effects were reported during concomitant administration. A clinically significant drug interaction can occur when ketorolac is added to lithium therapy.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/farmacología , Antidepresivos/farmacocinética , Antimaníacos/farmacocinética , Eritrocitos/metabolismo , Carbonato de Litio/farmacocinética , Tolmetina/análogos & derivados , Adulto , Área Bajo la Curva , Interacciones Farmacológicas , Humanos , Ketorolaco , Masculino , Tasa de Depuración Metabólica , Tolmetina/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Venlafaxine, a phenylethylamine, and nefazodone, a phenylpiperazine compound, are the newest antidepressants to receive approval of the Food and Drug Administration and to be marketed in the United States. Both strongly inhibit serotonin (5-HT) reuptake; venlafaxine also inhibits norepinephrine reuptake, and nefazodone also exhibits 5-HT2-receptor antagonism. Venlafaxine inhibits the cytochrome P-450 2D6 isozyme to a lesser extent than the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and is 27% protein bound. Structurally, the drugs are unrelated to SSRIs and have some clinically important differences in side effect profiles. Nausea, headache, somnolence, and dry mouth are the most frequently reported side effects with both. Sustained hypertension was reported by a limited number of venlafaxine-treated patients.
Asunto(s)
Antidepresivos de Segunda Generación/uso terapéutico , Ciclohexanoles/uso terapéutico , Trastorno Depresivo/tratamiento farmacológico , Inhibidores Selectivos de la Recaptación de Serotonina/uso terapéutico , Triazoles/uso terapéutico , Animales , Antidepresivos de Segunda Generación/efectos adversos , Antidepresivos de Segunda Generación/farmacocinética , Antidepresivos de Segunda Generación/farmacología , Ciclohexanoles/efectos adversos , Ciclohexanoles/farmacocinética , Ciclohexanoles/farmacología , Interacciones Farmacológicas , Humanos , Piperazinas , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Inhibidores Selectivos de la Recaptación de Serotonina/efectos adversos , Inhibidores Selectivos de la Recaptación de Serotonina/farmacocinética , Inhibidores Selectivos de la Recaptación de Serotonina/farmacología , Triazoles/efectos adversos , Triazoles/farmacocinética , Triazoles/farmacología , Clorhidrato de VenlafaxinaRESUMEN
In the period 1990-1991 483 prenatal diagnosis were carried out. Of those in 111 (23%) the technique of early amniocentesis was used, i.e. between 12th and 14th weeks of gestation. In 23 cases the result of cytogenetical diagnosis was positive. The time necessary for obtaining the result did not differ from that of amniocentesis performed at 15-20 weeks of gestation. The cytogenetical examination was successful in all cases of early amniocentesis.
Asunto(s)
Amniocentesis/métodos , Primer Trimestre del Embarazo , Femenino , Humanos , Cariotipificación , Embarazo , Segundo Trimestre del EmbarazoRESUMEN
The study was carried out in 45 samples of amniotic fluid taken by amniocentesis from 21 hypertensive mothers (study group) and 24 healthy mothers (control group). In these samples the concentrations were determined of total oestrogens and human placental lactogen. In the evaluation of the state of the newborns the following was considered: 1) length and body weight, 2) status in the 1st minute of life (Apgar score). The results were subjected to statistical analysis. In hypertensive mothers during pregnancy HPL and total oestrogen concentrations were decreased. In the study group reduction of body weight and length was found. The general condition of the newborns in the 1st minute was similar in both groups.
Asunto(s)
Líquido Amniótico/metabolismo , Puntaje de Apgar , Estrógenos/metabolismo , Hipertensión/metabolismo , Lactógeno Placentario/metabolismo , Complicaciones Cardiovasculares del Embarazo/metabolismo , Embarazo/metabolismo , Femenino , Humanos , Recién NacidoRESUMEN
An analysis is presented of the histopathologic, clinical and prognostic features of malignant lymphomas (MLs) treated at the University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital Medical Center, Manila, between 1975 and 1981. There were 434 malignant lymphomas, constituting 3.86% of all cancers studied at this institute during this period. Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas accounted for 82%. Among these, nodular lymphomas constituted 8% of the group and diffuse lymphomas 92%. In diffuse lymphomas, poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphomas (31%) and histiocytic lymphomas (30%) were predominant. Pleomorphic lymphomas, which are frequently observed in southwestern Japan and are now known to be a peculiar type of adult T-cell lymphoma/leukemia, were not found in this group. Hodgkin's disease constituted 18% of all the malignant lymphomas, among which there were 52% mixed cellular type and 21% lymphocytic depletion type. These data were correlated with those of other countries.
Asunto(s)
Linfoma/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Linfoma/clasificación , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Filipinas , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores SexualesRESUMEN
1,376 male inhabitants of 15 towns in Southern Marocco were studied. The caries incidence were found to be higher than expected in view of their stage of civilization and the remoteness of the area. Two factors were found to be the reason for the advanced caries incidence: the high sugar intake, mainly used to sweeten the often drunk tea, and the wide-spread date as the most important food. A negative correlation was found between fluoride content of the water and caries, but the negative influence of date consumption was stronger than the positive influence of fluoride.