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OBJECTIVE: Caries formation is a process affected by various factors. Studies have shown that genetic factors also play a role in caries formation. The aim of our study is to examine the effects of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)3 (rs679620) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) (rs731236) gene polymorphisms on caries formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Following routine oral examinations in individuals aged between 20 and 44 years, the diagnosis was made according to the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index, and experimental group was defined as "high caries risk" (DMFT ≥ 14, n = 28), and the control group as "no caries" (DMFT = 0, n = 28). Plaque index and bleeding on probing were measured from participants with a detailed anamnesis. Periodontally healthy individuals with less than 10% bleeding on probing were included in the study (n = 56). After DNA isolation from blood samples taken from the participants, the genotyping of MMP3 (rs679620) and VDR (rs731236) gene polymorphisms were determined using the real-time polymerase chain reaction technique. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Data were analyzed with IBM SPSS V23.0. Data distribution was evaluated with Kolmogorov-Smirnov's test. Pearson's chi-square test was used to compare categorical data according to groups. The results were evaluated using a significance level of p < 0.05. RESULTS: Regarding MMP3 and VDR gene polymorphisms, there was a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of MMP3 (rs679620) (p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the VDR (rs731236) genotype distributions of the groups (p = 0.659). CONCLUSION: Within the limits of this study, MMP3 rs679620 gene polymorphism may have an effect on caries formation.

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The aim of this study was to demonstrate the vertical and volumetric wear characteristics of CAD/CAM materials. The microhardness and color stability were evaluated. A polymer infiltrated ceramic network CAD/CAM block, resin nanoceramic CAD/CAM blocks, a resin composite, and enamel tissue were investigated. Samples were loaded in a chewing simulator. Other samples were aged and immersed in coffee. Color change was evaluated using the digital image analysis and a spectrophotometer. The data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Kruskal Wallis, Mann Whitney U, Friedman, Spearman's rho tests (p<0.05). The lowest level of wear was obtained in enamel tissue group 0.20 (Q1:0.14; Q3:0.27µm). Resin composite group 2.48 (Q1:2.12; Q3:2.92) showed lower level of discoloration. No agreement was obtained between the digital image analysis and spectrophotometer data (Spearman's rho -0.314, p=0.014). Similar wear rate to the natural enamel tissue was obtained for Vita Enamic. Digital image analysis was considered a promising technique for monitoring the color change.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the thermal, spectral, and surface properties of four different bulk fill materials ­ SureFil SDR (SDR, Dentsplay DETREY), QuixFil (QF, Dentsplay DETREY), X-tra base (XB, Voco) X-tra fil (XF, Voco) ­ polymerized by light-emitting diode (LED). Resin matrix, filler type, size and amount, and photoinitiator types influence the degree of conversion. LED-cured bulk fill composites achieved sufficient polymerization. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis revealed different patterns of surface roughness, depending on the composite material. Bulk fill materials showed surface characteristics similar to those of nanohybrid composites. Based on the thermal analysis results, glass transition (T(g)) and initial degradation (T(i)) temperatures changed depending on the bulk fill resin composites.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of IPS Empress ceramic onlays luted with two dual-cured adhesive resin cements for endodontically treated teeth. Twenty molar teeth were restored with all-ceramic restorations luted randomly with Maxcem or Clearfil Esthetic Cement and DC Bond Kit luting systems (n = 10 each) in 20 patients. The restorations were assessed using modified US Public Health Service criteria at baseline, 6 months, and 1, 2, and 3 years. A statistically significant deterioration was found for the criteria marginal integrity, anatomical form, and surface roughness. For luting of ceramic onlays, no difference between the two luting systems was detected.

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