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PURPOSE: Implantable venous access ports are widely used in patients receiving chemotherapy, but there is still scarce evidence about any patient-reported outcome measures. This prospective randomized controlled trial examined the impact on patients' quality-of-life following the placement of an implantable port device for long-term chemotherapy treatment. METHOD: A total of 120 chemotherapy naïve adult outpatients scheduled to receive chemotherapy (duration ≥12 weeks) for solid tissue tumors in a single academic oncology unit were randomly allocated (n = 60 in each arm) between radiologically guided insertion of an implantable venous access port (PORT arm) or standard repeated peripheral venous access (Control arm). Health-related quality-of-life scores (HRQoL) were assessed with the EQ-5D-5L and the oncology-specific EORTC QLQ-C30 (version 3.0) questionnaires at baseline, 3- and 6-months post randomization. Non-parametric tests were applied and differences between medians (Δ) are reported because of skewed-left HRQoL data. RESULTS: Baseline clinical and demographic characteristics were well balanced between the two groups. There were no complications during insertion and no infection or device failure in the PORT subjects through the 6-month follow-up. The functional and symptom scales of the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire were similar between both study arms at all time intervals. The EORTC QLQ-C30 global health status was significantly improved in the PORT subjects both at 3 months (Δ: 8.3 out of 100; P = 0.04) and 6 months follow-up (Δ: 16.7 out of 100; P = 0.003). Changes in EQ-5D-5L scores were significantly improved at 6 months in the PORT arm compared to control (Δ: 0.074 out of 1; P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Implantable venous access ports may confer significantly improved patient-reported quality-of-life benefits in patients receiving chemotherapy for solid tissue tumors.

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The objective of the present work was to compare the levels of executive, emotional, and initiation apathy in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), mild Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD), and cognitively intact healthy controls (HCs). Fifty-two patients with mild ADD, 40 individuals with MCI, and 37 cognitively intact individuals were included in the current study. The participants were consecutive visitors to the Outpatient Memory Clinic of "Nestor" Alzheimer's Center. The symptoms of apathy were measured with the dimensional apathy scale. Analyses showed that ADD patients had significantly higher degrees of executive, emotional, initiation, and overall apathy compared with both the MCI group and the HCs. Additionally, a significant difference was observed in the dimension of executive apathy between individuals with MCI and the HCs. In conclusion, the dimension of executive apathy was the most sensitive measure regarding the differentiation of individuals with mild ADD or MCI and HCs. Hence, detailed evaluation of executive apathy in older individuals referred to a memory clinic may provide useful information contributing to their diagnostic categorization and to the differentiation between neurocognitive disorders and healthy cognitive ageing.

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Τhe COVID-19 pandemic has mental health implications for both healthcare workforces and general population, particularly in regions heavily hit by the crisis. Τhe study aimed (i) to investigate anxiety- and depression severity differences between staff of a COVID-19 treatment unit (N = 84) and a hospital without such a unit (N = 55) in comparison to participants of a convenience general population online survey (N = 240) and (ii) to explore relations between such symptoms and hospital staff reaction to COVID-19 in a low COVID-19 burden setting. Anxiety was studied with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item in hospital workforces and with the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) in online survey participants. Depression symptoms were assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 in hospital employees and the HADS in the online survey sample. Symptoms were classified as absent/minimal, borderline abnormal or indicating clinical caseness. Staff reaction to COVID-19 was tapped with a 9-item-questionnaire and the 22-item Impact of Event Scale-revised (IES-R). Proper tests for differences and stepwise ordered logistic regression models were employed. Anxiety- and depression severity was higher in hospital workforces than in online survey participants (P < 0.05). Anxiety was more severe in frontline- compared to backstage employees (P < 0.001) was inversely correlated with age (P = 0.011) and positively with avoidance (P = 0.028). Both anxiety and depression symptoms related to intrusion symptoms (P < 0.001). Regarding the relatively long data collection period, an inverse association between crisis duration and depression symptoms was detected (P = 0.025). These observations point to the urgent need for distress-mitigating interventions for hospital workforces even in low COVID-19 burden settings.

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PURPOSE: The present study aims to investigate the course of psychological symptoms through chemotherapy in a sample of primary caregivers of patients with cancer and to examine all possible correlations between psychological distress and demographic characteristics. METHODS: In this prospective study, 112 primary family caregivers of cancer patients were evaluated. Symptom checklist 90 revised (SCL-90-R) was administered to assess their pathological symptoms, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to assess depression and anxiety. There was an evaluation at the beginning of chemotherapy and a second at the end of the patients' intravenous chemotherapy treatment (EOT). RESULTS: A total of 112 primary caregivers were initially enrolled in the study, and 99 (88.4%) completed it. Caregivers' psychopathology was low to moderate at both points of time (baseline and EOT). However, a considerable decrease in the Global Severity Index (GSI) emerged over time. CONCLUSIONS: At EOT, participants reported statistically significant decreases in five aspects of SCL 90, namely Depression, phobic anxiety, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, somatization, and psychoticism. A notable finding was that female caregivers were significantly more distressed, especially when providing care to a male recipient.

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BACKGROUND: Even though polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive disorder affecting young women, its impact on their sexual health is not well known. AIM: To examine the different aspects of female sexuality in young women with PCOS and attempt to associate hormonal changes and ovulatory status with their sexual function. METHODS: Anthropometric characteristics, hormonal levels and sexual function based on the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire were assessed in 76 young women with PCOS and 133 matched controls. OUTCOMES: Sexual function is significantly impaired in young women with PCOS. RESULTS: Women with PCOS demonstrated lower scores than controls in arousal (5.04 ± 1.19 vs 4.48 ± 1.44, P < .001), lubrication (5.29 ± 1.17 vs 4.69 ± 1.54, P < .001), orgasm (4.78 ± 1.40 vs 4.11 ± 1.61, P = .001), satisfaction (5.22 ± 1.10 vs 4.78 ± 1.31, P = .016), and total score of the FSFI (29.51 ± 5.83 vs 26.76 ± 6.81, P < .001), even after correction for BMI. When corrected for total testosterone, the domains of lubrication, satisfaction, and total score of FSFI remained significantly impaired in women with PCOS (P values .037, .024, & .044 respectively). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for the effect of BMI and hormone levels, dysfunction in orgasm, satisfaction and the total FSFI score were still 3-4 times more common in PCOS (adjusted OR [95% CI]: 3.54, P = .020; 2.96, P = .050; 3.87, P = .027). Even though no statistically significant differences were observed between women with ovulatory PCOS and controls, we detected statistically significant differences in all domains of sexual function apart from pain between controls and PCOS women with anovulation (desire P value .04, arousal P value <.001, lubrication P value <.001, orgasm P value .001, satisfaction P value .001 and FSFI total score P value <.001). CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Women with PCOS have compromised sexual function, which is independent of their BMI and highly dependent on their ovulatory status. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS: This is the first study in women with PCOS that implicates anovulation as a risk factor for sexual impairment in PCOS. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms implicated and to examine the effect of PCOS therapy on the patients' sexual function. CONCLUSION: The adverse effect of PCOS status on the female sexual function is independent of BMI and only partially dependent on hormonal changes characterizing the syndrome. Anovulation appears to be the major determinant of sexual impairment among women with PCOS. Mantzou D, Stamou MI, Armeni AK, et al. Impaired Sexual Function in Young Women With PCOS: The Detrimental Effect of Anovulation. J Sex Med 2021;18:1872-1879.

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Previous suicide attempts are the strongest risk factor for a new suicide attempt, suicide death, the development of recurrent suicide behavior and even the development of suicidal ideation in the general population. Primary prevention aims to reduce new suicide attempts in the general population, while secondary prevention tries to reduce the chance of suicide attempts in patients with high risk. Tertiary interventions are targeted at individuals who have already made one or more suicide attempts and aim to prevent second or repetitive attempts and to suppress suicidal behavior. Communication with patients and family is a very effective way of preventing a second suicide attempt. The aim of this paper is to present an overview of tertiary suicide prevention interventions focusing on communication with the patient and their family and study their effectiveness. This systematic review was based on the PRISMA checklist and was conducted using the databases Pubmed, Scopus and Google Scholar for articles published between 2000 and 2020 focus in go communication with family and patient. All studies concerning at least one previous suicide attempt were included. The interventions described in the studies concerned: [1] face-to-face and telephone contacts, [2] communication with greeting cards and letters, [3]telephone contact with the patient and record keeping to facilitate the implementation of the action plan, [4] telephone contacts only, and [5] technology-based communication. Our investigation brought up9 studies on interventions focusing on communication with the patient and their family. Family and patient communication interventions, with a particular emphasis on telephone and written communication, have shown a good level of effectiveness in the prevention of a new suicide attempt, especially if the intervention has been completed according to the schedule and the patient has not abandoned the treatment early. The generalization of the results is limited due to the inclusion of other types of studies jointly with randomized controlled trials and the variability among the samples of the studies. In conclusion, family and patient communication interventions have shown a positive effect on preventing a second suicide attempt. More studies are needed to investigate the effectiveness of different prevention approaches at hand and clarify in which patient populations each intervention could be more effective.Previous suicide attempts are the strongest risk factor for a new suicide attempt, suicide death, the development of recurrent suicide behavior and even the development of suicidal ideation in the general population. Primary prevention aims to reduce new suicide attempts in the general population, while secondary prevention tries to reduce the chance of suicide attempts in patients with high risk. Tertiary interventions are targeted at individuals who have already made one or more suicide attempts and aim to prevent second or repetitive attempts and to suppress suicidal behavior. Communication with patients and family is a very effective way of preventing a second suicide attempt. The aim of this paper is to present an overview of tertiary suicide prevention interventions focusing on communication with the patient and their family and study their effectiveness. This systematic review was based on the PRISMA checklist and was conducted using the databases Pubmed, Scopus and Google Scholar for articles published between 2000 and 2020 focus in go communication with family and patient. All studies concerning at least one previous suicide attempt were included. The interventions described in the studies concerned: [1] face-to-face and telephone contacts, [2] communication with greeting cards and letters, [3]telephone contact with the patient and record keeping to facilitate the implementation of the action plan, [4] telephone contacts only, and [5] technology-based communication. Our investigation brought up9 studies on interventions focusing on communication with the patient and their family. Family and patient communication interventions, with a particular emphasis on telephone and written communication, have shown a good level of effectiveness in the prevention of a new suicide attempt, especially if the intervention has been completed according to the schedule and the patient has not abandoned the treatment early. The generalization of the results is limited due to the inclusion of other types of studies jointly with randomized controlled trials and the variability among the samples of the studies. In conclusion, family and patient communication interventions have shown a positive effect on preventing a second suicide attempt. More studies are needed to investigate the effectiveness of different prevention approaches at hand and clarify in which patient populations each intervention could be more effective.

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BACKGROUND: This study has assessed health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and psychological distress between public sector professional groups. METHODS: Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were administered to healthcare personnel, schoolteachers, and municipality and regional personnel in the region of Western Greece. Mean scores on all SF-36 dimensions and HADS were compared among these professional groups as well as with the Greek national norms to assess if there were significant differences between our study sample and the general population. RESULTS: Healthcare personnel reported significantly lower SF-36 scores than teachers and municipality employees. Women reported poorer HRQoL than men on all SF-36 dimensions. This overall low score for health care workers masks the fact that male health care workers, primarily medical doctors, actually scored better than women, primarily nurses and auxiliary personnel. Average mean scores on all SF-36 dimensions reported by nurses and auxiliary personnel in healthcare were considerably lower than the ones from employees in all other occupational types. The impact on HRQoL observed mainly in vitality, social functioning and mental health was important. Many participants have shown psychological burden and depression. CONCLUSIONS: The health inequalities among healthcare employees are significant. This study is important to suggest taking measures for improving the HRQoL of health workers.

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BACKGROUND: SARS-CoV-2 has rapidly spread worldwide, threatening public health and financial and social life. AIMS: The current study's aim was to determine the prevalence of psychological distress and post-traumatic stress symptoms in the Greek population during the first COVID-19 lockdown, and to detect potential correlates. METHOD: An anonymous online survey was conducted between 10 April and 4 May 2020, to collect information regarding people's psychological functioning and COVID-19-related perceptions. RESULTS: A total of 1443 individuals completed the survey; 293 (20%) reported clinically significant anxiety symptoms, 188 (12.9%) reported clinically significant depressive symptoms and 506 (36.4%) suffered from definite post-traumatic stress disorder. Anxiety symptoms were independently associated with female gender (ß = 1.281, 95% CI 0.808-1.755, P < 0.001), educational level (ß = -1.570, 95% CI -2.546 to -0.595, P = 0.002), perceived severity (ß = -1.745, 95% CI -3.146 to -0.344, P = 0.015) and COVID-19-related worry (ß = 7.633, 95% CI 6.206-9.060, P < 0.001). Depressive symptoms were strongly correlated with educational level (ß = -1.298, 95% CI -2.220 to -0.377, P = 0.006), perceived severity (ß = -1.331, 95% CI -2.579 to -0.082, P = 0.037) and COVID-19-related worry (ß = 4.102, 95% CI 2.769-5.436, P < 0.001). Finally, post-traumatic stress symptoms were linked to female gender (ß = 6.451, 95% CI 4.602-8.299, P < 0.001), educational level (ß = -5.737, 95% CI -9.479 to -1.996, P = 0.003), psychiatric history (ß = -4.028, 95% CI -6.274 to -1.782, P < 0.001) and COVID-19-related worry (ß = 23.865, 95% CI 18.201-29.530, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A significant percentage of the population reported clinically important anxiety, depressive and post-traumatic stress symptoms. Women, less-educated individuals and people with a psychiatric history appeared more vulnerable to the pandemic's psychological impact.

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BACKGROUND: Responses to stressful circumstances have psychological and physiological dimensions, and are related to anxiety symptoms and mental disorders such as depression. Nonetheless, the relationship between subclinical stress and anxiety symptoms is still elusive. METHODS: To explore possible associations between stress and anxiety symptoms, patients with major depression (N = 77) and mentally healthy individuals of different age clusters and occupations (N = 412) were enrolled into the study. Stress was assessed with the new subclinical stress symptom questionnaire (SSQ-25). Anxiety was studied with the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), mainly focusing on clinical anxiety, whilst anxiety as a personality trait was assessed with the trait aspect of the State Τrait Αnxiety Ιnventory Y (STAI Y). Statistical analyses included ANOVA, Scheffe test, linear regression models and a two-step cluster analysis using Log-Likelihood Distance measure and fixed number of two clusters. RESULTS: Age, stress symptoms and BAI scores differed significantly between among groups (P < 0.001), whilst STAI Y scores did not. Stress levels were found to be related to clinical anxiety (P < 0.001), while neither group identity nor age exerted any influence on anxiety levels (P > 0.05). The two Step Cluster analysis classified 76 out of 77 participants with milder stress (subclinical) symptoms into the cluster with moderate anxiety, as indicated by BAI scores, and all individuals with more severe stress into the severe anxiety cluster. CONCLUSIONS: The observed associations between stress and anxiety shed light on the interrelations between even very mild (subclinical) stress and anxiety symptoms and may point to the potential of mild stress to serve as a target for early interventions aiming to prevent anxiety morbidity.

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Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a chronic, severe psychiatric illness with an incidence of 3% worldwide. MDD patients have a significantly impaired quality of life and reduced life expectancy compared to unaffected individuals, the latter being largely accounted for by an increased incidence of suicide and cardiovascular disorders. The premature mortality observed in MDD has been considered a signature of accelerated aging, a hypothesis supported by data showing altered functioning and morphology of several brain regions that are typically present in the aging population. Telomere shortening is a hallmark of cellular aging, and as such several studies explored the involvement of disrupted telomere dynamics in MDD, reporting contrasting findings. In the current study, we measured leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in a sample of 54 MDD patients and 47 non-psychiatric controls characterized for response to antidepressant treatment. After correcting for age, sex, and body mass index, we showed significantly reduced LTL in affected individuals compared to controls (beta = -.22, p = .02). There was no difference in LTL between treatment resistant or responsive MDD patients. Moreover, we observed no correlation between lifetime exposure to antidepressants and LTL. Our study showed that MDD patients have shorter telomeres compared to controls, supporting the hypothesis of accelerated aging in this disorder. However, LTL seemed not to be influenced by antidepressant treatment or to correlate with clinical response to these antidepressants. Further investigations in larger samples and possibly with longitudinal design are warranted to elucidate the role of altered telomere dynamics in MDD.

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OBJECTIVES: The current study's aim was to measure anxiety, depression and quality of life in parents of children referred for developmental evaluation. METHODS: The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Short Form 36 Health Survey were used to assess anxiety, depression and quality of life, respectively. RESULTS: One hundred and thirty parents participated in the study, 95 with a child referred for evaluation and 35 with healthy children. Parents of developmentally impaired children reported increased anxiety ( p=0.002) and depression ( p<0.001) and worse social functioning ( p=0.002) and mental health ( p=0.017). Mothers of developmentally impaired children reported significantly increased anxiety symptoms ( p=0.012) and bodily pain ( p=0.046) and lower levels of vitality ( p=0.009), social functioning ( p=0.005) and mental health ( p=0.008). More children in the family correlated with increased anxiety scores ( p=0.021), while higher child age was associated with more anxiety symptoms ( p=0.002), more role limitations due to emotional problems ( p=0.003) and worse mental health ( p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Parenting children with developmental difficulties is associated with significant psychological distress and disturbed quality of life.

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OBJECTIVE: GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone) is a crucial hormone for sexual development, puberty, and fertility, and its deficiency leads to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH), which causes abnormal secondary sexual development and infertility. The combination of the lack of sense of smell, i.e., anosmia, and HH is a type of GnRH deficiency known as Kallmann syndrome, which affects both men and women. The impact of Kallmann syndrome can be very severe and causes a variety of psychological problems in patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate psychopathology, sexuality, and personality characteristics in patients with GnRH deficiency under hormonal replacement therapy. DESIGN: A total of 38 patients with GnRH deficiency aged 30.6 ± 10.44 years and 38 healthy matched for age individuals participated in the study and completed a series of questionnaires concerning sexual functioning, ego defense mechanisms, quality of life, personality characteristics, as well as anxiety and depression. RESULTS: After adjustment for anxiety and depression, no difference in sexuality parameters were reported between men with and without GnRH deficiency, while women with GnRH deficiency had significantly lower sexual desire compared to controls. Concerning quality of life, satisfaction with general health was significantly lower in patients compared to controls, even after adjusting for sex. Furthermore, patients with GnRH deficiency indicated markedly less anxiety and a trend for less depression compared to controls. Finally, defense styles, ego-strength, and hostility did not differ between GnRH deficiency patients and controls. CONCLUSIONS: Our study is the first to investigate psychological and sexual functioning impacts in patients with GnRH deficiency under hormonal replacement therapy. However, larger studies are needed so as to add further empirical evidence.

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OBJECTIVE: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a highly prevalent medical condition, which may lead to severe complications including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Its chronic course and its association with obesity and diabetes mellitus augment the long-term impact of NAFLD on patients' health and quality of life (QoL) and put great strain on healthcare systems worldwide. Research is growingly focusing on NAFLD patients' QoL in an attempt to describe the full spectrum of disease burden and tackle its future consequences. Relevant studies are characterized by sample heterogeneity and provide conflicting findings which should be interpreted with the use of a systematic and integrative approach. In this context, our aim was to conduct a systematic literature review on the topic of NAFLD patients' QoL. METHODS: We performed a systematic search of PubMed, ScienceDirect and GoogleScholar databases according to the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) protocol. RESULTS: Our search yielded 14 suitable articles reporting data from almost 5000 patients. All authors agree that NAFLD patients' QoL is impaired especially in the physical sub-domain. In addition, several demographic, clinical and histopathological parameters have emerged as major determinants of patients' QoL. However, future studies are needed to further clarify these issues. CONCLUSIONS: NAFLD patients report poor physical QoL. QoL impairment is associated with a variety of disease-related parameters, mostly the presence of fatigue and cirrhosis.

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BACKGROUND/AIMS: The utility of ß-site amyloid-ß precursor protein (AßPP) cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) activity and soluble AßPP ß (sAßPPß) levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in detecting Alzheimer's disease (AD) is still elusive. METHODS: BACE1 activity and sAßPPß concentration were measured in patients with AD dementia (n = 56) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD (n = 76) with abnormal routine AD CSF markers, in patients with MCI with normal CSF markers (n = 39), and in controls without preclinical AD (n = 48). In a subsample with available 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) data, ordinal regression models were employed to compare the contribution of BACE1 and sAßPPß to correct diagnostic classification to that of FDG PET. RESULTS: BACE1 activity was significantly higher in patients with MCI due to AD compared to both controls and patients with MCI with normal CSF markers. sAßPPß did not differ between any of the studied groups. Interestingly, BACE1 activity was not found to be inferior to FDG PET as predictive covariate in differentiating between the diagnostic groups. CONCLUSIONS: Further studies using biomarker-underpinned diagnoses are warranted to shed more light on the potential diagnostic utility of BACE1 activity as AD biomarker candidate in MCI.

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Background: Schizophrenic patients commonly suffer from sleep disorders which are associated with acute disease severity, worsening prognoses and a poorer quality of life. Research is attempting to disentangle the complex interplay between schizophrenia and sleep disturbances by focusing not only on demographic and clinical characteristics, but also on the identification of genetic factors. Methods: Here, we performed a systematic literature review on the topic of genetic variations in sleep-disordered schizophrenic patients in an attempt to identify high quality investigations reporting scientifically sound and clinically useful data. For this purpose, we conducted a thorough search of PubMed, ScienceDirect and GoogleScholar databases, according to the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) protocol. Results: Our search yielded 11 eligible studies. Certain genetic variations were reported to be associated with schizophrenia-related sleep disorders. Antipsychotic-induced restless legs syndrome was linked to polymorphisms located on CLOCK, BTBD9, GNB3, and TH genes, clozapine-induced somnolence was correlated with polymorphisms of HNMT gene, while insomnia was associated with variants of the MTNR1 gene. Conclusions: There are significant genetic associations between schizophrenia and co-morbid sleep disorders, implicating the circadian system, dopamine and histamine metabolism and signal transduction pathways.

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OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to detect sexual impairment in male hepatitis C virus patients and determine its associations. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 61 male hepatitis C virus patients were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Sexual functioning was assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) was evaluated using the Greek version of the Short Form 36 Health Survey, and the presence and severity of anxiety and depression were assessed using the Greek version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. RESULTS: Noncirrhotic patients showed clinically significant dysfunction, mainly in intercourse (59.6%) and overall satisfaction (57.4%). Erectile functioning and desire were correlated with depression (r=-0.520, P=0.000 and r=-0.473, P=0.000), anxiety (r=-0.443, P=0.000 and r=-0.428, P=0.001), physical (r=0.427, P=0.001 and r=0.329, P=0.012), and mental (r=0.379, P=0.003 and r=0.432, P=0.001) HRQOL, platelet count (r=-0.357, P=0.012 and r=0.366, P=0.010), and international normalized ratio (INR) levels (r=-0.373, P=0.013 and r=-0.440, P=0.003). Erection was also correlated with albumin levels (r=0.310, P=0.032). Orgasmic functioning was associated significantly with platelet count (r=0.322, P=0.024) and INR levels (r=-0.425, P=0.004). Intercourse satisfaction was significantly related to depression (r=-0.435, P=0.001) and anxiety (r=-0.335, P=0.008) levels, physical (r=0.374, P=0.004) and mental (r=0.300, P=0.022) HRQOL, platelet count (r=0.333, P=0.020), and INR levels (r=-0.373, P=0.013), and overall satisfaction was significantly correlated with depressive (r=-0.435, P=0.001) and anxiety (r=-0.278, P=0.033) symptoms, mental HRQOL (r=0.340, P=0.010), platelet count (r=0.316, P=0.029), and INR levels (r=-0.332, P=0.030). CONCLUSION: Hepatitis C is accompanied by poor sexual functioning even in the absence of cirrhosis and different correlations emerge for distinct subdomains of male sexuality.

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Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a systematic disease that affects several aspects of patients' well-being, including physical, mental, social, and sexual quality of life. In recent years, there has been a growing body of literature focusing on HCV patients' sexual health, providing evidence of clinically significant and enduring disturbances that disrupt everyday living, but commonly evade clinicians' attention. Relevant studies are characterized by considerable methodological heterogeneity and their findings should be interpreted using a systematic and integrative approach. In this context, we performed a systematic literature review on the topic of HCV patients' sexual functioning aiming at identifying high-quality investigations reporting scientifically sound and clinically useful data. We performed a thorough search of PudMed, ScienceDirect, and GoogleScholar according to the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) protocol. Twenty-five articles were included to the review, reporting data from over 5300 chronic HCV patients. Sexual dysfunction, predominantly in the domains of sexual desire, drive, and satisfaction, is commonly reported by HCV patients at rates ranging between 19 and 88%. The current review yielded three distinct patterns of sexual impairment, namely, precirrhotic sexual impairment, cirrhosis-induced sexual decline, and interferon-associated sexual difficulties. Our search yielded significant findings on the prevalence, the characteristics, and the determinants of HCV-associated sexual dysfunction. In addition, we detected several areas of scientific controversy and inadequate information, thus highlighting novel directions for future research.

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Over the past decades, research attention has increasingly been paid to the neurobiological component of sexual behavior. The aim of the present study was to investigate the correlation of estrogen receptor α (ERA) gene polymorphism (rs2234693-PvuII) (T→C substitution) and oxytocin receptor gene polymorphism (rs53576) (G→A substitution) with sexuality parameters of young, healthy women. One hundred thirty-three Greek heterosexual women, students in higher education institutions, 20-25 years of age, sexually active, with normal menstrual cycles (28-35 days), were recruited in the study. Exclusion criteria were chronic and/or major psychiatric diseases, use of oral contraceptive pills (OCs), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), thyroid diseases as well as drugs that are implicated in hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis. T allele (wildtype) of rs2234693 (PvuII) polymorphism of ERA gene was correlated with increased levels of arousal and lubrication, whereas A allele (polymorphic) of rs53576 (OXTR) polymorphism was correlated with increased arousal levels. The simultaneous presence of both T allele of rs2234693 (PvuII) and A allele of rs53576 (OXTR) polymorphisms (T + A group) was correlated with increased arousal, orgasm levels as well as female sexual function index full score. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the interaction between ERA and OXTR with regard to sexual function in women. Female sexuality is a complex behavioral trait that encompasses both biological and psychological components. It seems that variability in female sexual response stems from genetic variability that characterizes endocrine, neurotransmitter and central nervous system influences.

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BACKGROUND: Negative consequences of the obesity epidemic include decreased physical, psychological, and sexual health. Bariatric surgery is a well-tolerated and effective treatment for morbid obesity. This study aimed to determine the effect of bariatric surgery on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and sexual functioning and to identify potential predictors of this effect. METHODS: Eighty morbidly obese patients (50 women) completed the study. HRQOL was measured using the Short Form 36 questionnaire (SF-36). Sexual functioning was assessed using the Female Sexual Functioning Index (FSFI) and the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF). All participants were evaluated four times as follows: presurgery (T1), 1 month (T2), 6 months (T3), and 1 year (T4) after surgery. RESULTS: Body mass index (BMI) significantly decreased over time (p < 0.001). Apart from male orgasm, all sexual functioning components as well as all SF-36 sub-scales improved between T1 and T4. The maximum improvement was observed between T2 and T3. Baseline HRQOL scores correlated with postoperative improvement in all HRQOL components. BMI improvement was correlated with improvement in role physical, bodily pain, and mental health scores. Baseline total sexual satisfaction score independently predicted total satisfaction improvement in both genders. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings indicate that bariatric surgery represents an effective obesity treatment, leading to significant BMI reduction and improvement in HRQOL and sexual functioning, especially in the first 6 months postoperatively.

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Schizophrenia is a severe disorder that significantly affects the quality of life and total functioning of patients and their caregivers. Clozapine is the first atypical antipsychotic with fewer adverse effects and established efficacy. As a rule of thumb, risperidone is one of the most reliable and effective antipsychotics for newly diagnosed and chronic schizophrenics. Pharmacogenetic studies have identified genomic variants of candidate genes that seem to be important in the way a patient responds to treatment. The recent progress made in pharmacogenomics will improve the quality of treatment, since drug doses will be tailored to the special needs of each patient. In this article, we review the available literature attempting to delineate the role of genomic variations in clozapine and risperidone response in schizophrenic patients of various ethnicities. We conclude that pharmacogenomics for these two drugs is still not ready for implementation in the clinic.

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