RESUMEN
COVID-19 is a global health crisis that has impacted the world with heavy economic and social losses. In the early days of the pandemic, pediatric COVID-19 was well-known for its low infectivity and mortality rates as well as its benign clinical outcomes. Herein, we report the case of a 6-year-old girl with COVID-19-associated encephalopathy without respiratory symptoms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first child reported from Saudi Arabia with COVID-19-induced encephalopathy. A 6-year-old patient with COVID-19 was presented to the Abha Maternity and Child Hospital in southeastern Saudi Arabia. Routine clinical and laboratory examinations revealed normal findings. Despite the absence of COVID-19 respiratory manifestations, the patient manifested COVID-19-related encephalopathy. The patient responded well to pulse steroid, favipiravir, and symptomatic seizure therapies. The patient recovered completely without any neurologic morbidities. A COVID-19-related encephalopathy was observed for the first time in Saudi Arabia among pediatric patients. Clinicians should be alert to potential neurologic complications associated with COVID-19. It should be considered in the differential diagnosis of children presenting with acute encephalopathy, even in the absence of respiratory symptoms. To avoid long-term neurologic sequelae, prompt seizure and immunosuppressive therapies are essential.
Asunto(s)
Encefalopatías , COVID-19 , Encefalopatías/diagnóstico , Encefalopatías/tratamiento farmacológico , Encefalopatías/etiología , COVID-19/complicaciones , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Pandemias , Embarazo , Arabia Saudita , Convulsiones/etiologíaRESUMEN
AIM: To study the clinical presentations of Behçet's disease in patients visiting a tertiary hospital in south-western Saudi Arabia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-seven patients with Behçet's disease attending the Rheumatology Department at Asser Central Hospital, Saudi Arabia were recruited into the study. The study was conducted over a period of 5 years from January 2012 to July 2017. Medical records of the patients were reviewed to analyze the frequency of different clinical manifestations. RESULTS: The study had 26 men and 21 women. The mean age of the patients was 37.11 ± 11.9 years (range <30-60 years). Frequency of main clinical manifestations in these patients included 89.4% (42/47) oral ulcers, 80.9% (38) genital ulcers, 55.3% (26/47) ocular complications, 55.3% arthralgia (26/47), 31.9% arthritis (15/47), 36% neurological complications (17/47), 34% gastrointestinal involvement (16), 17% pulmonary complication (8/47), cutaneous lesions in the form of skin pustules were found in 31.9% of cases and erythema only in 4.3% of patients. Deep venous thrombosis was observed in 66.6% of patients. About 96% of patients showed improvement with drugs. Only 2 patients died during the study period. CONCLUSION: Behçet's disease showed higher male predominance in south-western Saudi Arabia, similar to other Middle-Eastern countries. The clinical characteristics are comparable to different studies reported from other countries. Regarding the care outcome, the majority of patients were cured using oral corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive drugs.