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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a form of inflammatory arthritis, is a chronic joint disease characterized by pain and inflammation that affects 0.5% to 1% of the population worldwide. The safety, efficacy, tolerability, and potency of ß-D-mannuronic acid (M2000) as a novel NSAID with immunosuppressive property has been reported by several in vitro studies, experimental models and clinical trials phase I/II and III in ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients This research is designed to study the therapeutic efficacy of oral administration of mannuronic acid in RA patients who had inadequate response to conventional drugs and to assess the effect of this drug on gene expression of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STATs) protein (STAT1, STAT3, STAT4, and STAT6). The study has included 15 RA patients who had an insufficient response to the conventional therapy. The oral dose of mannuronic acid was 1000mg divided into two 500 mg doses per day for 3 months as an addition to conventional therapy. There were 15 healthy volunteer in the control group. Blood samples were collected from both groups, once from healthy controls and twice from RA patients before and after treatment by M2000. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated to assess the gene expression level of STAT1, STAT3, STAT4, and STAT6 using the real-time PCR method. Results obtained in this study demonstrated a significant difference in the gene expression level of STAT1 between healthy controls and patients before treatment as well as a significant reduction in RA patients after treatment compared with the level before treatment. In addition, the gene expression level of STAT3 and STAT4 showed a significant reduction in RA patients after treatment compared to patients before treatment, while there was no significant difference between RA patients before treatment and the healthy control group for both molecules. On the other hand, there was no change in the gene expression level of STAT6 among all groups. The outcomes of this study confirmed that ß-D-mannuronic acid (M2000) has the ability to control the levels of STAT1, STAT3 and STAT4 in RA patients, and might be beneficial in the management and therapy of RA.
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Artritis Reumatoide/tratamiento farmacológico , Artritis Reumatoide/genética , Ácidos Hexurónicos/administración & dosificación , Factores de Transcripción STAT/genética , Transcriptoma/efectos de los fármacos , Administración Oral , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
In this study, removal of 209Po from aqueous media using a natural zeolite as an adsorbent material was investigated. The adsorption experiments were performed by batch technique. The influence of specific process parameters such as initial concentration, pH of solution, contact time and temperature was studied to predict the optimum conditions for effective removing of 210Po. Initial and equilibrium activity concentration of 209Po in solutions was counted by a ZnS(Ag) alpha scintillation counter. Adsorption yield of 209Po onto the zeolite was determined as 90 ± 2% at pH: <3 and 25 °C for 40 min of contact time. The applications of the isotherm models such as Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) isotherms were studied to evaluate adsorption characteristics of 209Po onto natural zeolite. Results indicated that the Dubinin-Radushkevich and Freundlich models gave a better fit to the experimental data than Langmuir isotherm models. The thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs free energy (ΔG°), enthalpy (ΔH°) and entropy (ΔS°) of adsorption process were calculated. The change in entropy (ΔSo) and enthalpy (ΔHo) were estimated to be -0.0003 J nmol-1 K-1 and 0.1008 kJ nmol-1, respectively.
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Adsorción , Monitoreo de Radiación , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Cinética , Polonio , Soluciones , Temperatura , Termodinámica , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Purificación del AguaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a serious global health burden. There is no effective vaccine against HCV and new direct acting antivirals (DAAs) are so expensive and virtually unavailable to the public. Therefore, seeking for therapeutic or prophylactic vaccines is exigent and reliever. METHODS: The secondary and tertiary structures of the recombinant Core-NS3 (rC-N) fusion protein of HCV and its B and T-cells epitopes were evaluated with bioinformatics software. Cloning and in vitro expression of rC-N were performed by pET24a(+) and E.coli BL21-DE3 expression host, respectively. The recombinant protein purification was done by affinity chromatography method and then identified by Western blotting using anti-His monoclonal antibody. RESULTS: The sequences of rC-N protein consist of 1-118 amino acid parts of Core and 1095-1384 amino acids of NS3 were connected by a flexible linker (AAY) with proteasome cleavable site. The expressed and purified 46.7292 kDa rC-N protein had antigenic value up to threshold and conservancy found in this chimeric protein. Ramchandran Plot analysis represented that most residues were fallen in favourable regions. It also interacted with both type I and II major histocompatibility complex (MHC I, II) molecules. The rC-N had antigenic behaviour to create T cell responses. CONCLUSION: The results indicated that conserved rC-N protein had the ability to induce T-cell-mediated immune responses and it could be utilized as a therapeutic vaccine candidate against HCV (Tab. 3, Fig. 4, Ref. 40).
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Hepacivirus/inmunología , Hepatitis C/terapia , Vacunas contra Hepatitis Viral/inmunología , Proteínas no Estructurales Virales/inmunología , Hepatitis C/inmunología , Hepatitis C/prevención & control , Humanos , Inmunoterapia/métodosRESUMEN
The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of nanoselenium (Nano-Se) on hematological and biochemical parameters of rats experimentally intoxicated with lead (Pb). Thirty male rats were randomly divided into six groups as follows: the control, selenite, Nano-Se, Pb group, Pb + selenite, and Pb + Nano-Se groups. After 35 days, blood was collected from rats and hematology and serum biochemical parameters of oxidative stress were measured. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level of Pb group was significantly higher than other groups. Also, TBARS level was significantly lower in the Pb + Nano-Se group than Pb + selenite group. The serum superoxide dismutase activities were significantly lower in Pb group than the control, Pb + selenite, and Pb + Nano-Se groups. The catalase activities in the Pb group showed no significant change when compared to other groups. In the Pb group, packed cell volume was lower than the control group. A significant difference was observed between the control group and the Pb, Pb + selenite, and Pb + Nano-Se groups. In the Pb group, the numbers of white blood cell (WBC) decreased in comparison with the control group. Also, there was significant increase in WBC counts in the Pb + Nano-Se and Pb + selenite groups in comparison with Pb group. The number of lymphocytes in the Pb group decreased in comparison with the control group. By comparing the means of the Pb + Nano-Se and Pb + selenite groups together, it was determined that there were significant differences in the lymphocytes and neutrophil counts. In conclusion, usage of selenium compounds particularly Nano-Se particles inhibits the adverse effects of Pb on antioxidant activity and immune system function in the Pb poisoning.
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Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Intoxicación por Plomo/tratamiento farmacológico , Nanopartículas/uso terapéutico , Selenio/uso terapéutico , Selenito de Sodio/uso terapéutico , Animales , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Catalasa/sangre , Recuento de Eritrocitos , Intoxicación por Plomo/sangre , Recuento de Leucocitos , Masculino , Ratas Wistar , Selenio/farmacología , Selenito de Sodio/farmacología , Superóxido Dismutasa/sangre , Sustancias Reactivas al Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/análisisRESUMEN
Endocarditis is rarely reported in sheep and information presented for ovine endocarditis is based mostly on comparative findings in the cattle. Infective vegetative endocarditis of the right heart was diagnosed in a 3-year-old fat-tailed ram. Clinical findings included tachycardia, marked brisket edema, jugular veins distention and pulsation and pale mucous membranes. Hematologic abnormality included neutrophilic leukocytosis. Necropsy confirmed severe right atrioventricular and pulmonary valves vegetative endocarditis with evidence of right heart failure. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae was isolated from those vegetative lisions.
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Pseudomonas aeruginosa possesses a variety of virulence factors that may contribute to its pathogenicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate oprI, oprL and toxA genes for PCR identification of clinical P. aeruginosa. In order to find out any relation between special virulence factors and special manifestation of P. aeruginosa infections, we detected virulence factors among these isolates by PCR. Ribotyping was used to evaluate the clonal relationship between strains with the same genetic patterns of the genes studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, 268 isolates of P. aeruginosa were recovered from burn, wound and pulmonary tract infections. The prevalence of oprI, oprL, toxA, lasB, exoS and nan1 genes was determined by PCR. One hundred and four isolates were selected randomly to investigate clonal diversity of the isolates with ribotyping using SmaI. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: All P. aeruginosa isolates in this study carried oprI, oprL and lasB genes. Difference between exoS prevalence in isolates from pulmonary tract and burn isolates was statistically significant. Prevalence of nan1 and toxA gene was significantly higher in pulmonary tract and burn isolates, respectively. Ribotyping showed that most of the isolates (87%) belonged to clone A and B. Detection of oprI, oprL and toxA genes by PCR is recommended for molecular identification of P. aeruginosa. Determination of different virulence genes of P. aeruginosa isolates suggests that they are associated with different levels of intrinsic virulence and pathogenicity. Ribotyping showed that strains with the same genetic patterns of the genes do not necessarily have similar ribotype patterns.
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Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli have developed different strategies for establishment of infection in their host. Understanding these pathogenic mechanisms has led to the development of specific diagnostic tools for identification and categorization of E. coli strains into different pathotypes. This review aims to provide an overview of the various categories of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli and the data obtained in Iran pertaining to these pathotypes.
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Salmonella is one of the leading causes of food-borne diseases. Increasing occurrence of antimicrobial resistance, especially multidrug-resistance, in Salmonella serovars is a major public health problem worldwide. This study was carried out to detect class I integrons and antibiotic resistance profiles in clinical isolates of Salmonella serovars collected from seven hospitals in Tehran during November 2009 to June 2010. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Antibiotic susceptibility profile of 19 antibiotics against 58 Salmonella isolates commonly used in humans was determined using disk diffusion assay. Minimum inhibitory concentration against ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin was studied. PCR assays were used to detect class I integrons. RESULTS: Among 58 Salmonella isolates, 72.4% were Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, 8.7% were Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and 18.9% were other serovars. Of the total 58 Salmonella serovars, 43 (74.1%) were multidrug-resistant and showed resistance to three or more antibiotic families. Class I integrons were identified in 38 (88.3%) MDR Salmonella isolates. Ciprofloxacin minimum inhibitory concentration ranged between 0.125-2 g/ml for four isolates and other four isolates exhibited resistance to ceftriaxone (MIC 64-256 g /ml). CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of class I integrons was seen in our MDR Salmonella isolates and class I integrons might play an important role in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance determinants.
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We report a catalase-negative Staphylococcus aureus isolated from a 56-year-old male diabetic patient with foot ulcer who attended our surgery ward. Species identification was confirmed by Gram staining, standard biochemical tests and PCR amplification of the nuc and fem genes. Antibiotic susceptibility showed that the strain was sensitive to imepenem, chloramphenicol, amoxicillin, vancomycin and resistant to oxacillin, penicillin, ceftriaxone, erythromycin, clindamycin, and amikacin. Clinicians and microbiologists must be encouraged to identify and report these atypical strains and the infections associated with them in order to establish their role in pathogenesis.
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AIMS: The increasing use of curative radiation treatment in lung cancer mandates accurate assessment of late lung toxicity. The Radiation Therapy Oncology Group/European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (RTOG/EORTC) scoring schema combines clinical symptoms and radiological changes and may be confusing. Some have used a scoring scale modified from the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria (NCI-CTC) version 2 scale based on symptoms only. Clinical data using these two different scales have been compared as if they give similar results. The present study compared the outcomes using the two scales in the same group of patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The medical records and imaging of patients with non-small cell lung cancer who received definitive radiotherapy were reviewed. Eligible patients had a minimum follow-up of 12 months with no clinical signs of local relapse. Radiation-induced lung toxicity was scored using the RTOG/EORTC and the NCI-CTC scales. RESULTS: In total, 50 patients were analysed. All patients developed radiographic abnormalities after curative radiotherapy. Grade 0, 1, 2 and 3 toxicity was 0, 28, 49 and 23%, respectively, according to the RTOG/EORTC scale and 86, 7, 7 and 0%, respectively, according to the NCI-CTC scale, showing that the inclusion of radiographic abnormalities changes and significantly upgrades the toxicity scores. CONCLUSION: After curative radiotherapy, all patients presented some radiographic abnormality. There was no correlation with lung symptoms. The assessment of radiation-induced lung toxicity differs depending on the scoring system used. Comparison of reports that use different scoring scales should be made with caution. A scale based on symptoms only, such as the NCI-CTC scale, may be more appropriate to evaluate long-term toxicity after curative radiotherapy for lung cancer.
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Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/radioterapia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/radioterapia , Traumatismos por Radiación/patología , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Variaciones Dependientes del Observador , Quebec , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The cag pathogenicity island (PAI), which can be divided into two parts, cagI and cagII, is the most well-known virulence factor of Helicobacter pylori. AIMS: We investigated the association between genetic variations within the cag PAI (cagA and cagE in the cagI and cagT in the cagII) and clinical outcomes in Iranian patients. SUBJECTS: A total of 231 patients including 182 patients with gastritis, 41 with peptic ulcer and 8 with gastric cancer. METHODS: The presence of the cagA, cagE and cagT genes were measured by polymerase chain reaction and the results were compared with clinical outcomes and gastric histology. RESULTS: The cagA, cagE and cagT genes were found in 154 (66.7%), 90 (39.0%) and 70 (30.3%) of clinical isolates. At least 144 (62.3%) strains possessed partially deleted cag PAI (e.g., 69 [29.9%] strains were cagA-positive, but cagE and cagT-negative). CONCLUSION: The single genes as well as the combination of genes in the cag PAI appeared not to be useful markers to predict H. pylori-related diseases in Iranian patients. The genomic sequences of the cag PAI in Iranian strains might be considerably different from those in other geographic locations.
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Islas Genómicas/genética , Helicobacter pylori/patogenicidad , Factores de Virulencia/aislamiento & purificación , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Antígenos Bacterianos/genética , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Femenino , Gastritis/genética , Variación Genética/genética , Infecciones por Helicobacter/genética , Helicobacter pylori/genética , Humanos , Irán , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Virulencia/genética , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Acute diarrhea disease is the second cause of death among all infectious diseases in children younger than 5 years of age worldwide. The aim of this study was to employ a combination of biochemical, microbiological and molecular diagnostic techniques to investigate the stools of Iranian children with acute diarrhea for bacterial enteropathogens. METHOD: Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp. and Yersinia spp., were investigated from June 2003 to June 2005, in 1087 children less than 5 years old with acute diarrhea. Stool specimens from children were studied for enteropathogens both by standard culturing and molecular methods. This study was designed on hospital based. RESULT: The highest incidence values were found in the summer and in children less than 1-year-old (42.7%). The Pathogenic bacteria recovered out from fecal samples of 555 (55.1%) patients had the following profile: Shigella spp. (26.7%) was the most prevalent bacterial pathogen and Shiga-like toxin producing E. coli (STEC) and Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) 105 (18.9%) and 92 (16.6%) had the second and third highest prevalence, respectively. Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), Campylobacter, Salmonella and Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) were found in 70 (12.6%), 60 (10.8%), 42 (7.6%), and 38 (6.8%) positive samples, respectively. In this study neither Yersinia nor E. coli O157:H7 were found. Of the 30 co-infections detected, Shigella flexneri and Campylobacter jejuni accounted for more than 50%. CONCLUSION: Information about the prevalence of wide-range Shigella and STEC may facilitate the control and management of infant diarrhea diseases in Iran. The results of this study suggest that comprehensive surveys are needed in different parts of the country in order to identify the incidence of different enteropathogenic diarrhea, especially diarrheagenic E. coli in children in Iran.
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Infecciones por Campylobacter/epidemiología , Diarrea/epidemiología , Diarrea/microbiología , Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae/epidemiología , Infecciones por Campylobacter/microbiología , Preescolar , Enterobacteriaceae/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae/microbiología , Heces/microbiología , Hospitales , Humanos , Incidencia , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Irán/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Estaciones del AñoRESUMEN
Garlic (Allium sativum) is known to reduce lead toxicity in some species of animals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of allicin, one of the most active components of garlic, in the treatment of subacute lead intoxication in sheep. Nine female sheep weighing 25-29 kg orally received a daily dose of 80 mg/kg body weight of lead acetate for 5 days. The animals were then assigned into two groups. Group 1 did not receive any further treatment and was used as the control group and group 2 was treated orally by 2.7 mg/kg body weight of allicin twice daily for 7 days. Within one day following allicin treatment, group 2 blood lead levels were significantly lower than that in group 1 (mean of 616.9 microg/l and 290.02 microg/l, respectively; P < 0.05). Also, allicin treatment significantly reduced kidney lead content and considerably reduced bone and ovary lead contents. These results suggest that allicin might have some therapeutic effects on lead poisoning.
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Intoxicación por Plomo/tratamiento farmacológico , Ácidos Sulfínicos/uso terapéutico , Animales , Huesos/efectos de los fármacos , Huesos/metabolismo , Disulfuros , Femenino , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Riñón/metabolismo , Ovario/efectos de los fármacos , Ovario/metabolismo , OvinosRESUMEN
The vertical distribution of (226)Ra and (210)Po was investigated in the cultivated soils of the Buyuk Menderes Basin in Turkey. Five soil cores down to a depth of about 50 cm were taken from each site and divided into strata of 2-3 cm intervals. The samples were analyzed for their (226)Ra and (210)Po activity concentrations using radioanalytical methods. Down-core concentration profiles of (226)Ra and (210)Po in the soil cores from five sites are obtained. The activity concentrations of soil cores range from 80 to 1170 Bq kg(-1) for (226)Ra and from 10 to 870 Bq kg(-1) for (210)Po with the depth. Analysis of the vertical soil profiles indicate that the activity concentrations of (226)Ra and (210)Po for soil strata at all the sites have not extremely changed with depth.
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Polonio/análisis , Radio (Elemento)/análisis , Contaminantes Radiactivos del Suelo/análisis , TurquíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate the screening modality and outcome of lung cancer occurring in heart transplant recipients (HTR) during a 21-year period. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review to investigate the incidence, risk factors, screening modality, treatment, and outcomes in HTR with lung cancer. We compared them with a case-matched HTR control group. RESULTS: Out of 829 recipients of heart transplants, 19 cases of bronchogenic carcinoma were found either by routine chest X-ray (n = 10), chest computed tomographic (CT) scanning (n = 4), or by assessment of clinical symptoms (n = 5). The mean time from transplantation to bronchogenic carcinoma diagnosis was 68.8 +/- 42.4 months. A history of smoking was the only risk factor in HTR with bronchogenic carcinoma compared to their case-matched HTR control group ( P < 0.05). Of 18 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), 13 underwent surgery and 5 with advanced cancer underwent chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. NSCLC was diagnosed by chest X-ray (n = 10), and 6 of these patients died after an average of 43.7 +/- 62.2 months following cancer detection. NSCLC was also diagnosed on the basis of clinical symptoms (n = 4), and 2 of these patients died after a mean follow-up of 9 +/- 4.2 months after cancer diagnosis. All 4 patients in whom cancer was detected by CT scan were alive at an average of 53.5 +/- 36.7 months following cancer detection. The survival rates did not differ between the study and control groups ( P = 0.5). CONCLUSIONS: Optimal outcomes of treatment for primary lung cancer after heart transplantation seem to be related to early detection. A high proportion of deaths from NSCLC may be prevented by chest CT scan screening.
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Carcinoma Broncogénico/diagnóstico por imagen , Cardiopatías/cirugía , Trasplante de Corazón , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagen , Tamizaje Masivo/métodos , Sobrevivientes , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica , Carcinoma Broncogénico/complicaciones , Carcinoma Broncogénico/etiología , Carcinoma Broncogénico/mortalidad , Carcinoma Broncogénico/terapia , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/diagnóstico por imagen , Carcinoma de Células Pequeñas/diagnóstico por imagen , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico por imagen , Estudios de Seguimiento , Cardiopatías/complicaciones , Cardiopatías/diagnóstico por imagen , Cardiopatías/mortalidad , Humanos , Incidencia , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Neoplasias Pulmonares/complicaciones , Neoplasias Pulmonares/etiología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/mortalidad , Neoplasias Pulmonares/terapia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neumonectomía , Radioterapia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Fumar/efectos adversos , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The aim of the study was to determine the rates of detection of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) strains among children in two randomly-selected populations in Iran. In total, 1,292 randomly-selected faecal samples from children aged less than 10 years were screened for EPEC and STEC. Of the 1,292 cases participated in the study, 184 had diarrhoea, and 1,108 were healthy/asymptomatic children. The conventional culture method and slide agglutination with 12 different commercial EPEC antisera were used for the detection of EPEC. The colony sweep polymyxin-B extraction method, non-sorbitol fermentation (NSF) phenotype, and slide agglutination with O157: H7 antisera were used for the screening and detection of STEC. Of EPEC belonging to 11 different serogroups, 0111 and 0127 were most commonly found in 36.4% of the diarrhoeal cases and 7.2% of the asymptomatic children. A significant association (p<0.05) was found between isolation of EPEC and diarrhoea. 8.7% of the diarrhoeal cases and 2% of children without diarrhoea were infected with STEC, but none of the isolates belonged to the 0157:H7 serotype. A significant association (p<0.05) was found between STEC and diarrhoeal cases. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that different EPEC serogroups may be agents of endemic infantile diarrhoea, and STEC strains are an important enteropathogen among young children.
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Diarrea/epidemiología , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/epidemiología , Escherichia coli O157/aislamiento & purificación , Escherichia coli/aislamiento & purificación , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Niño , Preescolar , Diarrea/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/diagnóstico , Heces/microbiología , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Irán/epidemiología , Masculino , Prevalencia , Toxina Shiga/biosíntesis , VirulenciaRESUMEN
The aim of the present study was to compare six media, three selective and three nonselective media, to determine the best combination of media for the primary isolation of Helicobacter pylori. Over a period of 8 months, mucosal antral biopsy specimens were obtained from 97 dyspeptic patients undergoing endoscopy. Biopsy samples were plated in parallel on all six media. Egg yolk emulsion agar (EYE), Skirrow's medium and modified Thayer-Martin medium were used as selective media; modified chocolate agar (MCHOC), Triptycase Soy Agar (TSA) and brain heart infusion agar were used as nonselective media. Overall, by using these six media, H. pylori were recovered from biopsy specimens from 48 of 97 patients, yielding an isolation rate of 49%. Comparison of all possible combinations of the six media showed that the highest rate of isolation of H. pylori was 100% (48 of 48) with EYE-MCHOC, followed by 97% (47 of 48) when EYE-SK was used. Conversely, it was found that none of the media used alone yielded a 100% rate of recovery (the maximum recovery rate was 92%, which was achieved with EYE). These results indicate that the association of EYE and MCHOC yielded the maximum recovery of H. pylori from gastric biopsy specimens. Therefore, the use of selective and nonselective media in parallel offers optimal recovery rates with only a slight increase in costs.
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Técnicas de Cultivo de Célula , Mucosa Gástrica/microbiología , Helicobacter pylori/aislamiento & purificación , Agar/farmacología , Animales , Biopsia , Caseínas/farmacología , Medios de Cultivo/farmacología , Dispepsia/microbiología , Yema de Huevo/metabolismo , Endoscopía/métodos , Femenino , Helicobacter pylori/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Hidrolisados de Proteína/farmacología , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
This paper describes clinical, laboratory and pathological findings of sheep, which is intoxicated with castor bean. The source of intoxication was a miscellaneous garden waste. Forty-five animals showed clinical toxicosis and 17 died. The clinical signs included weakness, salivation, profuse watery diarrhoea, dehydration, mydriasis, teeth grinding, hypothermia and recumbency. The most significant haematological and biochemical findings were a high haematocrit, high concentration of serum BUN, creatinine and phosphorus and high activity of serum CK and AST. Pathology revealed severe gastroenteritis, cardiac haemorrhage and necrosis, hepatic necrosis and acute tubular necrosis in kidneys. Treatment included symptomatic and supportive care with fluid therapy and cathartic administration.
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Brotes de Enfermedades/veterinaria , Intoxicación por Plantas/veterinaria , Ricinus communis/envenenamiento , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/etiología , Abomaso/efectos de los fármacos , Abomaso/patología , Animales , Pruebas de Química Clínica/veterinaria , Resultado Fatal , Femenino , Corazón/efectos de los fármacos , Pruebas Hematológicas/veterinaria , Hemorragia/inducido químicamente , Hemorragia/veterinaria , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Riñón/patología , Masculino , Miocardio/patología , Intoxicación por Plantas/etiología , Intoxicación por Plantas/patología , Ovinos , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/patologíaRESUMEN
The prevalence of Anaplasma infection was studied in cattle, sheep, and goats in the Mashhad area from 1999 to 2002. A total of 160 cattle from 32 farms and 391 sheep and 385 goats from 77 flocks were clinically examined for the presence of Anaplasma spp. in blood smears. The study revealed that 19.37% of cattle were infected with Anaplasma marginale and 80.3% of sheep and 38.92% of goats were infected with Anaplasma ovis. Prevalence of Anaplasma infection between male and female and between different age groups of cattle, sheep, and goats were statistically nonsignificant. Seasonally, the prevalence of Anaplasma infection in sheep and goats reached its highest level in summer, while a decrease was observed in autumn, and reached the lowest level in winter. The seasonal prevalence of Anaplasma infection in cattle was not significantly different. Symptomatic cases were not observed in any of the cattle, sheep, and goats. The ranges of anaplasmatemia in infected cattle, sheep, and goats were 0.005-0.5%, 0.01-3%, and 0.01-3%, respectively.