RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Planovalgus foot prevalence estimates vary widely (0.6%-77.9%). Among the many factors that may influence planovalgus foot development, much attention has been given to body mass index, especially that of children's feet; factors related to psychomotor development have been less studied. We sought to determine the presence of planovalgus foot in children and its association with anthropometric parameters and psychomotor development. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted in Málaga, Spain, 2012-2013, of 104 schoolchildren (mean ± SD age, 7.55 ± 0.89 years; 45.2% were boys). Age, sex, body mass index, presence of valgus (valgus index, by pedigraphy), and personal history related to psychomotor development of the lower limbs (presence/absence of crawling, age at onset of crawling, age at onset of walking, use of mobility aids) were evaluated. RESULTS: Of the children with obesity, 53.7% had valgus deformity in the left hindfoot (odds ratio [OR], 6.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.72-17.70; P < .0001). In the right foot, the corresponding values were 54.5% (OR, 9.08; 95% CI, 3.38-24.36; P < .0001). Multivariate logistic regression showed an increased risk of left planovalgus foot in boys, in children with overweight or obesity, and in those who began walking later. For the right foot, the same risk factors applied except age at onset of walking. CONCLUSIONS: These results corroborate data from previous studies, which report an association between overweight and obesity and the onset of planovalgus foot in children. In addition, we identify a new risk factor: age at onset of walking.
Asunto(s)
Desarrollo Infantil/fisiología , Deformidades del Pie/fisiopatología , Obesidad Infantil/fisiopatología , Caminata/fisiología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The objective of this integrative review is to identify the factors that contribute to diet adherence in people suffering from kidney disease who are receiving haemodialysis treatment. BACKGROUND: Adherence to the therapeutic regimen determines therapeutic success, quality of life and survival in patients on haemodialysis. Lack of diet adherence ranges from 25%-86% in patients receiving haemodialysis treatment and affects patient morbidity and mortality. DESIGN: An integrative literature review was conducted based on the criteria of Whittemore & Knafl. METHODS: A literature review was performed by two members of the team using twelve databases including PubMed, CUIDEN, CINAHL, The Cochrane Library and ScienceDirect. RESULTS: The main issues identified after analysing the results were as follows: the intrinsic barriers (age, dialysis time, motivation, perceived benefit, distorted perception of adherence) and facilitators (self-efficacy, perception of disease, perception of control), extrinsic barriers (family dysfunction, lack of social support, cultural patterns of consumption of food) and facilitators (social support, relationship with healthcare providers), and interventions to encourage diet adherence, such as the use of motivational interviewing in educational interventions, and the training and education of relevant professionals in communication skills. CONCLUSIONS: Diet nonadherence remains a serious health problem and suffers from a lack of solid criteria to identify this condition. The onset of depression signs and the level of social support available to the patient should be assessed, because these are important factors that determine adherence to treatment. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Professionals should be trained in health education and communication techniques to contribute to the patient's self-management and motivation for diet adherence. Controlled and randomised clinical studies involving predialysis stages should be performed to investigate the impact of the assessment and control of barriers to diet adherence.