RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To develop models of human phalanges and small joints by suturing different cell-polymer constructs that are then implanted in athymic (nude) mice. DESIGN: Models consisted of bovine periosteum, cartilage, and/or tendon cells seeded onto biodegradable polymer scaffolds of either polyglycolic acid (PGA) or copolymers of PGA and poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) or poly-epsilon-caprolactone (PCL) and PLLA. Constructs were fabricated to produce a distal phalanx, middle phalanx, or distal interphalangeal joint. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION: Studies of more than 250 harvested implants were conducted at the Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine. EXPERIMENTAL VARIABLE: Polymer scaffold, cell type, and implantation time were examined. OUTCOME MEASURE: Tissue-engineered specimens were characterized by histology, transmission electron microscopy, in situ hybridization, laser capture microdissection and qualitative and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, magnetic resonance microscopy, and X-ray microtomography. RESULTS: Over periods to 60 weeks of implantation, constructs developed through vascularity from host mice; formed new cartilage, bone, and/or tendon; expressed characteristic genes of bovine origin, including type I, II and X collagen, osteopontin, aggrecan, biglycan, and bone sialoprotein; secreted corresponding proteins; responded to applied mechanical stimuli; and maintained shapes of human phalanges with small joints. CONCLUSION: Results give insight into construct processes of tissue regeneration and development and suggest more complete tissue-engineered cartilage, bone, and tendon models. These should have significant future scientific and clinical applications in medicine, including their use in plastic surgery, orthopaedics, craniofacial reconstruction, and teratology.
Asunto(s)
Órganos Bioartificiales , Materiales Biomiméticos , Articulaciones de los Dedos , Falanges de los Dedos de la Mano , Ingeniería de Tejidos , Animales , Huesos , Cartílago , Bovinos , Humanos , Ácido Láctico , Ratones , Ratones Desnudos , Modelos Biológicos , Ácido Poliglicólico , Copolímero de Ácido Poliláctico-Ácido Poliglicólico , Polímeros , TendonesRESUMEN
Cold intolerance frequently occurs after successful digital revascularization and replantation. A series of 11 patients with cold intolerance 6 to 24 months after digital revascularization/replantation were treated daily for 2 weeks with beraprost, a stable prostacyclin analogue. That pain was reduced in 9 of 11 cases after treatment and digital thermography showed significantly increased surface temperature after the 2-week course of beraprost. These findings support the use of beraprost to relieve symptoms of cold intolerance under these clinical conditions.
Asunto(s)
Frío/efectos adversos , Epoprostenol/análogos & derivados , Epoprostenol/uso terapéutico , Traumatismos de los Dedos/cirugía , Dedos/irrigación sanguínea , Reimplantación/efectos adversos , Vasodilatadores/uso terapéutico , Adulto , Femenino , Dedos/cirugía , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Dimensión del Dolor , Termografía , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
This study was undertaken to characterize the relative degrees of arterial and venous trauma after graded avulsion injuries. Rat femoral arteries and veins were subjected to reproducible avulsion injuries using forces of between 60 and 220g. Thrombotic occlusion occurred at lower avulsion forces in veins than in arteries. Histologic and scanning electron microscopic analysis indicated increased endothelial disruption and exposed elastic lamina with increasing avulsion force in both vessels, but more prominently in arteries. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) mRNA expression was evident at 3 and 6 hours after avulsion injury in veins, but only with higher avulsion-force injuries in arteries. ICAM-1 mRNA expression was not found in either vessel before or after this 3 to 6 hour post-injury interval. These results indicate that the amount of avulsion force to which traumatized extremity vessels are subjected has a direct effect on the degree of intimal injury and subsequent thrombosis.
Asunto(s)
Arteria Femoral/lesiones , Arteria Femoral/metabolismo , Vena Femoral/lesiones , Vena Femoral/metabolismo , Molécula 1 de Adhesión Intercelular/metabolismo , Animales , Arteriopatías Oclusivas/complicaciones , Arteriopatías Oclusivas/etiología , Molécula 1 de Adhesión Intercelular/genética , Masculino , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Daño por Reperfusión/metabolismo , Trombosis/etiología , Factores de Tiempo , Túnica Íntima/lesionesRESUMEN
Oculocardiac reflex has been recognized as the result of mechanical stimulation to the orbital tissue. The authors encountered a case of severe arrhythmia due to oculocardiac reflex in a patient with a zygomatic fracture. Previous health examinations suggested no abnormalities in the heart in his schooldays, and the initial diagnosis of his arrhythmia as complete A-V block due to injury (using ECG and cardiac ultrasonography). Because his arrhythmia did not improve spontaneously, he underwent cardiac pacing. After repair of the fracture, his arrhythmia completely disappeared. The pacemaker was removed on the first postoperative day. The pathogenesis of this rare case will be discussed.
Asunto(s)
Bradicardia/etiología , Reflejo Oculocardíaco , Fracturas Cigomáticas/complicaciones , Adulto , Bradicardia/terapia , Estimulación Cardíaca Artificial , Electrocardiografía , Humanos , Masculino , Órbita/diagnóstico por imagen , Órbita/inervación , Marcapaso Artificial , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Fracturas Cigomáticas/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
The new field of tissue engineering, applies the principles of biology and engineering to the development of functional substitutes for the loss or failure of an organ or tissue. This article describes the previous challenges and present status of this interdisciplinary field.
Asunto(s)
Técnicas Citológicas , Animales , Cartílago Auricular/citología , Humanos , PolímerosRESUMEN
A simple and sensitive method for the detection of measles virus genome was developed, amplifying the regions encoding the nucleocapsid (N) protein and hemagglutinin (H) protein of measles virus by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We examined a variety of measles patients: 28 patients with natural infection, 4 with measles encephalitis and 1 with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). In 28 patients with natural measles infection a single step PCR amplifying the N region resulted in a high detection rate for all plasma samples (28/28) within 3 days of the onset of rash and 80% (20/25) even on day 7 of the onset of rash and later. Within 3 days of the onset of rash, 24/25 (96.0%) of nasopharyngeal secretions (NPS) and 27/28 (96.4%) of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were positive for the N region PCR and the positivity rate of PCR decreased in NPS and PBMC after 7 days of the rash. In acute measles infection, measles genome was detected in all cell fractions, CD4, CD8, B cells, and monocytes/macrophages by the H gene nested PCR. Measles genome was also detected from cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) in patients with measles encephalitis, SSPE, and acute measles by the H gene nested PCR. PCR products of the N and H regions were sequenced and we confirmed the presence of measles genome. Based on the sequence data, chronological sequence differences were observed over the past 10 years. The sequences obtained from the SSPE patient were closely related to those of the wild viruses that were circulating at the time when the patient initially acquired measles. RT-PCR for NPS, PBMC, CSF, and plasma provides a useful method for the diagnosis of measles and molecular epidemiological study in addition to virus isolation.
Asunto(s)
Leucocitos Mononucleares/virología , Virus del Sarampión/aislamiento & purificación , Sarampión/virología , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Viremia/virología , Adolescente , Adulto , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Líquidos Corporales/virología , Líquido Cefalorraquídeo/virología , Niño , Preescolar , Chlorocebus aethiops , Brotes de Enfermedades , Encefalitis Viral/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Encefalitis Viral/virología , Genes Virales , Variación Genética , Hemaglutininas Virales/sangre , Hemaglutininas Virales/genética , Humanos , Lactante , Japón/epidemiología , Subgrupos Linfocitarios/virología , Macrófagos/virología , Sarampión/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Sarampión/epidemiología , Virus del Sarampión/clasificación , Virus del Sarampión/genética , Monocitos/virología , Nasofaringe/virología , Proteínas de la Nucleocápside , Nucleoproteínas/sangre , Nucleoproteínas/genética , ARN Viral/sangre , ARN Viral/genética , Alineación de Secuencia , Homología de Secuencia , Panencefalitis Esclerosante Subaguda/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Panencefalitis Esclerosante Subaguda/epidemiología , Panencefalitis Esclerosante Subaguda/virología , Factores de Tiempo , Células Vero , Proteínas Virales/sangre , Proteínas Virales/genética , Proteínas Estructurales Virales/genéticaRESUMEN
DiGeorge syndrome is a rare congenital anomaly with a wide range of clinical manifestations. This syndrome is usually associated with hypocalcaemia resulting from primary hypoparathyroidism. We report here a case of an 8-year-old boy with partial DiGeorge syndrome who presented initially with neonatal hypocalcaemia, but was subsequently normocalcaemic. Latent hypoparathyroidism was unmasked by a diagnostic EDTA infusion resulting in hypocalcaemia without a parathyroid hormone response. We propose that EDTA infusions can be useful in the diagnosis of latent hypoparathyroidism in children.
Asunto(s)
Síndrome de DiGeorge/complicaciones , Ácido Edético , Hipoparatiroidismo/diagnóstico , Niño , Síndrome de DiGeorge/sangre , Humanos , Hipoparatiroidismo/etiología , MasculinoRESUMEN
In Reye encephalopathy, diffuse brain swelling is a well known CT finding, but focal CT lesions have not been documented. We report 2 children with Reye encephalopathy and 2 children with non-Reye encephalopathy both associated with influenza A virus infection in whom symmetrical low density lesions of the thalamus and brainstem were detected on CT. These symmetrical low density lesions were present in the acute phase and decreased in size within a few weeks in all, and are still seen 2 years later as clearly defined small round areas in 3 surviving patients. Paired influenza A virus titers in blood showed 4-fold or more increase in all. Myelin basic protein (MBP) in CSF was increased in 2 of the 3 subjects studied. Liver biopsy showed diffuse lipid droplet infiltration in 2, focal infiltration in 1, and normal morphology in 1. The above data suggest that the symmetrical low density lesions were associated with influenza A virus infection, most likely consisting of edema, demyelination, and necrosis. We suspect that there is a continuum of Reye syndrome and virus-associated encephalopathy with significant overlap.
Asunto(s)
Virus de la Influenza A , Gripe Humana/complicaciones , Síndrome de Reye/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades Talámicas/diagnóstico por imagen , Anticuerpos Antivirales/análisis , Tronco Encefálico/diagnóstico por imagen , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Gripe Humana/patología , Hígado/patología , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Proteína Básica de Mielina/deficiencia , Radiografía , Síndrome de Reye/complicaciones , Síndrome de Reye/patología , Enfermedades Talámicas/etiología , Enfermedades Talámicas/patología , Tálamo/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
An unusual variant of chromosome 16, 16p+, in three generations is described. This is the first clinical report of 16p+ in Japan.
Asunto(s)
Cromosomas Humanos Par 16 , Hueso Paladar/anomalías , Adulto , Aberraciones Cromosómicas/genética , Trastornos de los Cromosomas , Humanos , Lactante , Cariotipificación , LinajeRESUMEN
Familial cases (a grandfather, a father and a daughter) of the EEC syndrome (ectrodactyly, ectodermal dysplasia and cleft lip/palate) are reported. All of them have a balanced reciprocal translocation (46,XY or XX, t(7;9) (q11.21;p12) or (46,XY or XX, t(7;9) (p11.2;q12)), but no other members of the family have either the EEC syndrome or chromosome abnormalities. This indicates that one of the chromosome sites 7q11.21, 9p12, 7p11.2 and 9q12 is a candidate for gene locus of the EEC syndrome.
Asunto(s)
Labio Leporino/genética , Fisura del Paladar/genética , Ectodermo/fisiología , Dedos/anomalías , Dedos del Pie/anomalías , Translocación Genética/genética , Adulto , Aberraciones Cromosómicas/genética , Trastornos de los Cromosomas , Cromosomas Humanos Par 7 , Cromosomas Humanos Par 9 , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Cariotipificación , Masculino , Linaje , SíndromeRESUMEN
The objective of this study was to analyze the configuration of the lymphocytes in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) by studying the surface antigens from nine cases using dual-color immunofluorescence analysis. All the patients showed the increase of non-MHC-restricted cytotoxic cells, namely CD3+ WT31- delta TCS1+ (gamma/delta-T cell receptor (TCR)-bearing cells) and/or CD16+ natural killer cells. The gamma/delta-TCR+ cells of WAS, however, were unique since they did not express CD5, which is present on ordinary gamma/delta-TCR+ cells. A reduced number of CD4+ cells and an increased percentage of CD11b+ Leu7+ cells within a CD8+ subset were observed in all cases. With regard to B cell subpopulations, most cases showed reduced Fc epsilon R2-bearing B cells, despite an elevated serum IgE.
Asunto(s)
Linfocitos B/clasificación , Células Asesinas Naturales/clasificación , Linfocitos T/clasificación , Síndrome de Wiskott-Aldrich/inmunología , Adolescente , Adulto , Antígenos de Superficie/análisis , Niño , Preescolar , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfocitos T/análisis , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfocitos T gamma-deltaRESUMEN
We investigated properties of the ts mutants that were selected during the course of persistent infection of Vero cells by parainfluenza virus type 3. The mutants demonstrated leakiness when infecting cells at high MOI and interfered with the growth of wild type virus, apparently by inhibiting a step prior to RNA synthesis.