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Magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) composed of γ-Fe2O3 and hydroxyapatite (HAp) were modified by hexamethylen-1,6-diisocyanate (HMDI) followed by thiourea dioxide and used as recyclable catalyst for the synthesis of some newly derivatives of chromeno[2,3-b]pyridine. The products were synthesized in excellent yields via one-pot three-component reactions of 3-cyano-6-hydroxy-4-methyl-pyridin-2(1H)-one with aldehydes and dimedone under solvent-free conditions. The successful synthesis of products were confirmed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), proton/carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (1H/13C NMR), and mass spectroscopies as well as physical data (e.g., melting points and elemental composition). The in vitro antioxidant and antifungal activities of the synthesized samples were evaluated using scavenging effects on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium, respectively. Based on results, the chromeno[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives exhibited excellent biological activities that qualified them for biomedical applications.

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The aim of this study is to assess the antioxidant activity and also protective effects of Arctium lappa L. (AL) extract on ethanol-induced testicular injuries in rats. In addition, the total phenol and flavonoid contents of the methanolic extracts were analysed and the antioxidant activity of the extract was investigated. The studied extract possessed strong antioxidant activity (IC50 ; 0.113 ± 0.007 mg/ml) and exhibited more active than the ascorbic acid (IC50 ; 0.142 ± 0.002 mg/ml). The histological examinations revealed that the co-administration of ethanol and AL extract inhibits the testicular injuries, alterations in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and H2 O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were observed in ethanol-treated rats in comparison to the control group. The obtained results demonstrated strong pharmaceutical activities of AL and its potential capacity to be developed as a new health-care supplement against ROS-related substances.

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate nephroprotective potential of Meristotropis xanthioides (M. xanthioides) extract against ethanol-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats, and also its total phenolics content, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. METHODS: Total phenol and flavonoid amounts of the leaf and stem extracts were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride reagents, respectively. Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the extracts were investigated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging and disc diffusion methods, respectively. In addition, protective potential of the leaf extract against ethanol-induced nephrotoxicity was studied by histological and biochemical analyses. RESULTS: Obtained results indicated high total phenol [(10.26 ± 0.46) mg GAE/g of dry extract] and flavonoid [(3.63 ± 0.62) mg QE/g of dry extract] amounts in the leaf extract. The leaf and stem extracts possessed stronger antioxidant activity [IC50: (0.119 ± 0.006) mg/mL and IC50: (0.133 ± 0.009 mg/mL)] than that of ascorbic acid [IC50: (0.142 ± 0.002) mg/mL]. Also, the extracts showed good antibacterial activity against the most of bacteria taken in this research, especially Gram-positive ones. Histological examinations revealed tissue injury in the kidney of rats treated with ethanol. Results from biochemical assays showed reduction in total protein content and also in superoxide dismutase activity. In addition, remarkable increased levels (P < 0.05) of H2O2 and malondialdehyde were found in ethanol-treated rats in comparison to control group. However, these injuries were significantly improved in rats treated by M. xanthioides leaf extract. CONCLUSIONS: Results from present study demonstrates strong pharmaceutical potential of M. xanthioides extract to apply as a new drug supplement.

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Reaction of sulfonium ylides (Me)(2)SCHC(O)C(6)H(4)R (R = H; m-NO(2); p-NO(2); p-OMe; p-Me and p-Br) with AgNO(3) in dichloromethane leads to various compounds. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the adducts take 3 forms: (i) two-dimensional polymer, [AgNO(3)(Me(2)SCHC(O)C(6)H(5))](n) (1), with nitrate bridges in which each nitrate coordinates to three silver atoms through two oxygen atoms and two Me(2)SCHC(O)C(6)H(5) ligands coordinate to silver centers through carbon atoms; (ii) cationic binuclear, [Ag(Me(2)SCHC(O)C(6)H(4)-m-NO(2))(2)](2)(NO(3))(2)·2H(2)O (2), in which Me(2)SCHC(O)C(6)H(4)-m-NO(2) ligands simultaneously coordinate through both carbon and oxygen atoms with nitrate as a counter ion, and (iii) cationic mononuclear and anionic binuclear, [Ag(Me(2)SCHC(O)C(6)H(4)-p-NO(2))(2)](2)[{AgNO(3)(µ-NO(3)) (Me(2)SCHC(O)C(6)H(4)-p-NO(2))}(2)]·2CH(3)OH (3), in which nitrate groups act as bridging as well as terminal ligands, and Me(2)SCHC(O)C(6)H(4)-p-NO(2) ligands display C-coordination. Characterization of the obtained compounds was also performed by infrared, (1)H- and (13)C-NMR spectroscopy and analytical data indicated a 1 : 2 stoichiometry between the silver(I) nitrate and ylide p-OMe (4) and 1 : 1 for ylides p-Me (5) and p-Br (6). In addition, the antibacterial effects of DMSO-solutions of complexes 1-6 were evaluated by the agar disc diffusion method against three Gram positive and three Gram negative bacteria. All complexes displayed antibacterial activity against these bacteria, with high levels of inhibitory potency exhibited against the Gram negative species.

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