RESUMEN
Retrospective VNTR-analysis of 159 Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica strains isolated in December 1988 - February 1989 in former USSR and some European countries was carried out. Analysis of heterogenic genotypes of strains allow to subdivide them into 30 groups of variants by individual genotypes, while cluster analysis--to subdivide them in 7 clusters with different number of compositions. The predominance of genotype C1 strains isolated on the Rostov and Archangelsk regions and the Crimea was established. F. tularensis strains isolated in winter time 1988 - 1989 in different geographic regions were supposed to be resident cultures typical for their biotope in natural focus of disease.
Asunto(s)
Francisella tularensis/genética , Repeticiones de Minisatélite/genética , Tularemia/prevención & control , Alelos , Animales , Europa (Continente)/epidemiología , Francisella tularensis/clasificación , Estudios Retrospectivos , Roedores/microbiología , Siberia/epidemiología , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
The epidemic situation in a remote region of Daghestan at the period of the cholera outbreak in the republic is considered with the use of concrete examples. The analysis of cases of cholera, as well as Vibrio carriership, at the period of August 5 to October 5, 1994, is presented. The territorial and temporal separation of different cases of the disease and Vibrio carriership were indicative of the periodic import of the causative agent to the territory of the town and the region from other places, unfavorable with respect to cholera, without the involvement of the water factor of infection transmission. Timely and complete antiepidemic measures prevented this infection from acquiring the character of developed epidemic.
Asunto(s)
Cólera/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Portador Sano/epidemiología , Portador Sano/transmisión , Niño , Preescolar , Cólera/transmisión , Daguestán/epidemiología , Brotes de Enfermedades/estadística & datos numéricos , Reservorios de Enfermedades/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
In the water of open water bodies in the basin of Lake Issyk-Kul the presence of Vibrio cholerae belonging to group O1 and other groups and V. cholerae phages of known serotypes, as well as phages of a new type having no serological and morphological analogs in the current classification of V. cholerae phages, has been established. On the basis of analysis of inaccuracies appearing in the determination of the specificity of V. cholerae phages their systematization within the adequate unified classification of vibriophages is proposed.
Asunto(s)
Bacteriófagos/aislamiento & purificación , Microbiología del Agua , Bacteriófagos/clasificación , Bacteriófagos/ultraestructura , Agua Dulce , Kirguistán , Microscopía Electrónica , Serotipificación/métodos , Vibrio cholerae , Virión/clasificación , Virión/aislamiento & purificación , Virión/ultraestructuraRESUMEN
Electron microscopy and optic diffraction methods were used to determine the main parameters of the morpho-structural organization of cholera phages 493 and 7227. The shape of phage capsids was established, the spiral type of symmetry of phage processes revealed, their adsorption apparatuses described, the number of morphological subunits comprising capsids and process envelopes, and some other parameters determined. It is assumed that the phages under study are new varieties of bacteriophages belonging to the fifth morphological group (according to the classification of A.S. Tikhonenko).
Asunto(s)
Bacteriófagos/ultraestructura , Bacteriófagos/clasificación , Cápside/ultraestructura , Densitometría , Microscopía Electrónica , Vibrio cholerae , Virión/clasificación , Virión/ultraestructuraRESUMEN
Molecular masses of cholera bacteriophages 493, 7226 and Eltor II were defined by electron microscopic technique. DNA of these bacteriophages was digested by the restriction endonucleases PstI, BglI, MluI and SalI. The number and molecular masses of the obtained restricts were identified. The physical map of bacteriophage 493 was constructed using three restriction endonucleases. The obtained data can be used for classification and molecular biology research of cholera bacteriophages.
Asunto(s)
Bacteriófagos/genética , ADN Viral/genética , Mapeo Cromosómico , Electroforesis , Microscopía Electrónica , Peso Molecular , Vibrio cholerae/genéticaRESUMEN
A single set of phages for typing different V. cholerae biotypes has been developed in the USSR and proposed for use instead of two sets of phages intended for this purpose. This set has been developed in view of the following facts: the similarity of the biological properties of V. cholerae biotypes and the absence of absolute criteria for their differentiation; the existence of the foci of cholera with both biotypes circulating there; the probability experimentally confirmed, of the conversion of one biotype into the other.
Asunto(s)
Bacteriófagos/aislamiento & purificación , Vibrio cholerae/clasificación , Tipificación de Bacteriófagos , Serotipificación , U.R.S.S.RESUMEN
The study of 491 V. cholerae strains isolated from humans in the endemic foci and the areas of the spread infection during the period of 1969-1979 revealed no essential differences in the properties of the vibrios. The majority of the strains proved to be typical in their main biological properties and belonged to biotype E1 Tor, seroval Ogawa. Among E1 Tor strains a comparatively small number of cultures with changed properties were detected. In some states of India classical cholera vibrios and E1 Tor vibrios were found to circulate simultaneously.
Asunto(s)
Brotes de Enfermedades , Vibrio cholerae/aislamiento & purificación , Asia , Cólera/microbiología , Humanos , Serotipificación , Vibrio cholerae/clasificaciónRESUMEN
The study of serological properties, specificity and the range of action has revealed affinity between Y. pseudotuberculosis phages (PST, 3M, Kotlyarova, 2344, 2391), some coliphages (T2, T3, T4) and Sh. dysenteriae phage (dd IV). The existence of serovar III of Y. pseudotuberculosis phages has been established; to this serovar phage PST belongs. Newly isolated 2344 and 2391 belong to serovar I. The problem of the existence of Y. pseudotuberculosis phages as an independent group is discussed.
Asunto(s)
Bacteriófagos , Fagos T , Bacteriófagos/inmunología , Escherichia coli , Serotipificación , Shigella dysenteriae , Especificidad de la Especie , Fagos T/inmunología , Yersinia , Yersinia pestisRESUMEN
Electron microscopy methods were used to determine the main parameters of the structural organization of cholera "C" phage. The particles of the phage were found to consist of a capsid of icosahedral shape and a thin noncontractile process. The capsid with the triangulation number 7 consists of 72 morphological subunits and contains DNA with the molecular weight of (68.16 +/- 1.63) x 10(6) daltons. The process of the phage consists of 216 morphological subunits and ends with a peculiar adsorption apparatus including a distal filament and three fibrils with knobs at the ends.
Asunto(s)
Bacteriófagos/ultraestructura , Microscopía Electrónica , ADN Viral/análisis , ARN Viral/análisis , Vibrio cholerae , Proteínas Virales/análisis , Virión/análisisRESUMEN
The methods of electron microscopy and optic difraction were used to determine the main parameters of the structural organization of cholera bacteriophage of serotype II. The virions of the phage under study were found to consist of a capsid of icosahedral shape and 77.4 X 66.1 nm in size, formed of 252 morphological subunits and having the cavity volume of 76.3 X 10(3) nm3. A process of 94.8 nm in length adheres to the capsid, with a shell capable of contractions, of 85.6 nm in length, 20.6 nm in width, containing 60 morphological subunits. The shell covers the central core of 8.9 nm in diameter. The optic difraction revealed the helical type of symmetry of the process structure and its main parameters.
Asunto(s)
Bacteriófagos/ultraestructura , Luz , Microscopía Electrónica , Vibrio choleraeRESUMEN
A study was made of the morphology of plague moderate bacteriophages 1701, 1710 and their mutants 1701-1 and 1710-1. The phages proved to be morphologically identical, were referred to group 5, and were identical to the moderate plague H-phages; when confronted to the commonness of the serological properties and a number of other signs this indicated their affinity.