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INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: We aimed to evaluate the outcomes, complication rates, and complication types of different labiaplasty techniques. METHODS: In this cross-sectional retrospective study, a total of 2,594 patients who underwent surgery owing to hypertrophy or asymmetry of the labium minus were retrospectively analyzed. Data were collected by individual interviews with 43 experts from different centers. The patients were between 18 and 50 years of age. During the interview information about the presence and nature of complications, and about concomitant or revision surgeries, were gathered. The surgeons who performed these surgeries were also questioned about their training and surgical experience. RESULTS: The most frequently observed complication was complete dehiscence, accounting for 29% of all complications. Complete dehiscence was most commonly seen after wedge resection (16 cases). The second most common complication was labium majus hematoma, accounting for 12.5% of all cases. Among the labiaplasty techniques, wedge resection had the highest complication rate at 3% (26 cases out of 753 patients). This was followed by composite labiaplasty at 1.2% (5 cases out of 395 patients), Z-plasty at 0.8% (1 case out of 123 patients), and trimming labiaplasty at 0.5% (7 cases out of 1,323 patients). CONCLUSION: Considering the heterogeneity and low quality of the existing studies on this subject, this study provides valuable information for surgeons practicing in this field. However, further research is clearly warranted as female genital aesthetic procedures are being performed with a steadily increasing trend.
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Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Vulva , Humanos , Femenino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Turquía/epidemiología , Vulva/cirugía , Persona de Mediana Edad , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Adulto Joven , Adolescente , Hipertrofia/cirugía , Resultado del Tratamiento , Procedimientos de Cirugía Plástica/efectos adversos , Procedimientos de Cirugía Plástica/métodos , Procedimientos de Cirugía Plástica/estadística & datos numéricos , Dehiscencia de la Herida Operatoria/etiología , Dehiscencia de la Herida Operatoria/epidemiología , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Ginecológicos/efectos adversos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Ginecológicos/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
PURPOSE: This study aimed at evaluating galectin-3 levels as a novel metabolic biomarker in women with PCOS. METHODS: Ninety consecutive women with PCOS fulfilling the inclusion criteria were divided into two groups according to the presence of metabolic syndrome as MetS+ and MetS-. Clinical, hormonal, and metabolic parameters and galectin-3 levels were compared between the groups. Correlation analyses were performed between galectin-3 and clinical and metabolic parameters. RESULTS: Ninety PCOS subjects were enrolled in the study, 25 of which were diagnosed with MetS. Waist-to-hip ratio, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, triglyceride, HOMA-IR, FAI, FGS, and galectin-3 levels were significantly higher in the MetS+ group compared with the MetS- group (13.19 ± 5.63 vs 9.37 ± 3.99 ng/mL, respectively, p = 0.001). HDL cholesterol was significantly higher in the MetS- group than in the MetS+ one. Galectin-3 levels were found to be positively correlated with systolic blood pressure (r = 0.450, p < 0.01), diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.293, p < 0.01), and triglyceride levels (r = 0.218, p < 0.05) in women with PCOS. CONCLUSIONS: Galectin-3 may be a promising novel biomarker in women with PCOS. Galectin-3 levels were significantly higher in the MetS+ group compared with the MetS- one and positively correlated with systolic, diastolic blood pressures and triglyceride levels in women with PCOS.
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Galectina 3/sangre , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico/sangre , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangre , Presión Sanguínea , Proteínas Sanguíneas , Femenino , Galectinas , Humanos , Lípidos/sangre , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
The objective of this study was to investigate cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) levels as a new metabolic biomarker in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). One hundred consecutive women with PCOS were divided into two groups according to presence of metabolic syndrome as MetS+ and MetS-. Clinical, hormonal and metabolic parameters in addition to CT-1 levels were compared between the groups. Correlation analyses were performed between CT-1 and clinical and metabolic parameters in women with PCOS. One hundred PCOS subjects were enrolled in the study, of which 29 subjects were diagnosed with metabolic syndrome. WHR, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HOMA-IR, FAI, FGS and CT-1 levels were significantly higher in the MetS+ group compared with the MetS- group. HDL cholesterol was significantly higher in the MetS- group than the MetS+ one. CT-1 levels were found to be positively correlated with diastolic blood pressure, TG levels and FGS. Cardiotrophin-1 may be a promising new metabolic biomarker in women with PCOS. CT-1 may be beneficial for estimating the risk of long-term adverse health consequences and establishing early intervention and preventation strategies.