RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic nonbanded restrictive procedures are becoming more popular as staging and primary operations in bariatric surgery. The Magenstrasse and Mill (MM) procedure produces a restrictive gastric tubular pouch based along the lesser curvature; for the most part anatomy and physiology are preserved. In Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG), 80% of normal stomach is resected to produce restriction and to decrease ghrelin levels. METHODS: This is a retrospective nonrandomized study evaluating the medical records of patients who had the laparoscopic MM (LMM) and laparoscopic SG (LSG) between January 2007 and October 2008. One bariatric surgeon performed the LMM and two bariatric surgeons performed the LSG. RESULTS: A total of 20 patients were identified: 13 SG and 7 MM. The mean age was 50 for the MM vs 42.9 for the SG. For the MM, the mean preoperative body mass index (BMI) was 65.4 +/- 11.1 kg/m2, with a mean excess weight of 282 +/- 73.7 kg. For the SG, the mean preoperative body mass index was 47.5 +/- 8.3 kg/m2, with a mean excess weight of 156.1 +/- 52.6 kg. The mean excess weight loss after six and 12 months for the M&M was 35 +/- 10.5% and 20.1 +/- 1.4%, vs 52.4 +/- 17.8% and 49% +/- 15.4% for the SG. Follow-up of one year was achieved in two M&M patients and three SG patients. Median follow-up of all patients was seven months (range 12-1). CONCLUSION: This is a short-term retrospective outcome study. The LMM patients were larger than LSG patients. Total weight loss was greater for the LMM patients. Operative time for the LMM is shorter. The percent excess weight loss in the short-term 12 month period was more in the LSG compared to the LMM. Long-term follow-up is needed.
Asunto(s)
Gastrectomía/métodos , Gastroplastia/métodos , Laparoscopía , Obesidad Mórbida/cirugía , Adulto , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Pérdida de PesoRESUMEN
Worldwide, there is an epidemic of obesity and its associated diseases. The past decade of research has brought about a paradigm shift in our understanding of both the mechanisms underlying energy homeostasis and the multiple factors contributing to the pathophysiology of obesity. Metabolic surgery is currently far more effective than diet and exercise or pharmacotherapy in achieving durable weight loss. Moreover, the remarkable results of surgery in achieving a rapid remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus has sparked tremendous excitement and research into the mechanisms through which metabolic surgery has its dramatic effect. As opposed to the traditional understanding of "restriction" and "malabsorption," current evidence suggests that metabolic surgery alters the expression of multiple hormones that affect both short-term and long-term signals of energy balance. We review the hormonal changes following the most common types of metabolic operations currently being performed. The profile of hormonal changes provides a guide to tailor the choice of operation for each individual patient toward achieving the desired metabolic result. In the future, individualized metabolic surgery alone or modulated by targeted pharmacological therapy may achieve the most reliable and effective results with the highest safety and lowest side effect profile.
Asunto(s)
Cirugía Bariátrica , Metabolismo Energético , Homeostasis , Hormonas/metabolismo , Obesidad/cirugía , Humanos , Obesidad/metabolismo , Periodo PosoperatorioRESUMEN
Type 2 diabetes mellitus affects more than 170 million people worldwide. Because this disease is strongly linked to obesity, the term "diabesity" has been coined to describe the confluence of the 2 disease processes. Bariatric surgery has been performed for many years to achieve sustained weight loss in the morbidly obese population. As a secondary effect, a remarkable improvement in glycemic control is commonly achieved postoperatively. This has led to substantial interest in the use of bariatric procedures to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. Surgical procedures in common use include the adjustable gastric band, the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, the biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch, and the sleeve gastrectomy. Additionally, several investigational procedures including the ileal interposition and duodenal-jejunal bypass have been proposed as primary interventions for type 2 diabetes mellitus. These operations achieve their metabolic effects through a combination of volume restriction, intestinal bypass, and hormonal changes. As more data become available on the positive effect of bariatric procedures on type 2 diabetes mellitus, the use of such operations may grow. Bariatric surgery may ultimately become a major tool in the long-term treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This manuscript presents an extensive review of the literature supporting these concepts.
Asunto(s)
Cirugía Bariátrica/métodos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/cirugía , Obesidad/cirugía , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Humanos , Obesidad/complicaciones , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Open cholecystectomy is still required for treatment of gallbladder disease when inflammation has changed the usual anatomic landmarks and make laparoscopic cholecystectomy unsafe or technically impossible. METHODS: In this study, we reviewed all the records of patients who underwent open or laparoscopic-converted-to-open cholecystectomy between January 2000 and August 2006. RESULTS: A total of 3367 patients underwent cholecystectomies. Three hundred five patients underwent laparoscopic-converted-to-open, and 123 patients underwent open cholecystectomy. The incidence of bile leaks in the open cholecystectomy group was 2.6% (11/428). Twenty-four percent had gangrenous cholecystitis (102/428). Eight (8/11) of the bile leaks were associated with gangrene. All bile leaks presented within the first five days after surgery with an average of 2.9 days. All patients had bilious output through aJP drain. All leaks resolved over 10 days. Three resolved spontaneously, andeightresolved after ERCP stent. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of bile leaks in the open cholecystectomy group was high (2.6%) in our study, compared to other series published. When gangrenous cholecystitis was present, the incidence of bile leaks was 24%. The placement of a JP drain was essential for the identification of the bile leak.
Asunto(s)
Conductos Biliares/lesiones , Colecistectomía/efectos adversos , Colecistitis/patología , Colecistitis/cirugía , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Colangiopancreatografia Retrógrada Endoscópica , Colecistectomía/métodos , Connecticut/epidemiología , Femenino , Gangrena/complicaciones , Humanos , Incidencia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Pulmonary embolus (PE) is one of the most common causes of death for patients undergoing gastric bypass surgery. The risk of developing PE has been associated with increased age, greater body mass index (BMI), and chronic venous stasis disease. METHODS: Between 1998 and 2003, 1225 patients underwent open Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) surgery (258 men and 967 women) for the treatment of morbid obesity and its related disorders. The medical records for morbidly obese patients diagnosed with PE after RYGBP were identified. The presenting signs and symptoms were reviewed, and the known risk factors were analyzed. We compared the age and BMI of these patients with those of a randomly selected RYGBP control group. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze the statistical significance of the results. RESULTS: During the study period, 11 patients were diagnosed with PE (0.9%). Six patients were men and five were women, for a gender-specific incidence of PE of 2.3% in men and 0.5% in women. The average BMI was 62.5 kg/m(2) in the men and 59.1 kg/m(2) in the women, much greater than in the control group (men 53 kg/m(2) and women 52 kg/m(2); P <0.005 and P <0.05, respectively). All male patients were super-obese (BMI >50 kg/m(2)). The total number of super-obese patients undergoing RYGBP during the study period was 147, for an incidence of PE in super-obese men of 4%. Nine of the 11 patients developed PE after discharge from the hospital within an average of 10 days. CONCLUSION: The super-obese male patient is at a much greater risk of developing PE than other RYGBP patients (relative risk 4.4). The risk extends to several weeks after discharge. Therefore, extending PE prophylaxis to several weeks after surgery may be warranted.
Asunto(s)
Derivación Gástrica/efectos adversos , Embolia Pulmonar/epidemiología , Adulto , Comorbilidad , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Obesidad Mórbida/epidemiología , Obesidad Mórbida/cirugía , Embolia Pulmonar/etiología , Insuficiencia Respiratoria/etiología , Factores de Riesgo , Enfermedades Vasculares/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether delaying appendectomy for 12 hours to avoid disturbing the operating room schedule and to minimize the number of operations during the night negatively affects the outcome of patients with acute appendicitis. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Large teaching community hospital. PATIENTS: The medical records of 380 patients who underwent appendectomies between January 1, 2002, and December 31, 2004, were reviewed. Patients proven to have an inflamed appendix on the pathological report were divided into 2 groups. The early group comprised patients who had undergone appendectomies within 12 hours of presentation to the emergency department, including patients with generalized sepsis. The late group comprised patients who had undergone appendectomies more than 12 to 24 hours after presentation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Length of stay, operative time, and the rate of perforations and complications. INTERVENTIONS: Laparoscopic or open appendectomies. RESULTS: There were 309 patients included in our study. There were no statistically significant differences between the early and late groups in the length of stay, operative time, the percentage of advanced appendicitis, or the rate of complications. CONCLUSIONS: In selected patients, delaying appendectomies for acute appendicitis for 12 to 24 hours after presentation does not significantly increase the rate of perforations, operative time, or length of stay. It decreases the use of the nursing staff, anesthesia team, and surgical house staff during the night shifts, and it decreases the interruption of the regular operating room schedule.