RESUMEN
OBJETIVO: las prótesis de núcleo (PDN-SOLO) reconstruyen la anatomía y preservan la biomecánica del disco intervertebral con un índice de migración de 10 por ciento y de hundimiento de 19 por ciento. Por eso, proponemos un sistema de fijación para evitar estas complicaciones. MÉTODOS: fueron utilizados veinte pacientes con seguimiento mínimo de tres años. La valoración de dolor con EVA, función con Escala de Oswestry (EO) y disco por estudios radiográficos y resonancia magnética fueron aplicadas. El análisis estadístico fue por t de Student. RESULTADOS: El grupo comprende 8 mujeres y 12 hombres con una edad promedio de 37.6 años. Los valores preoperatorios de EVA fueron 7.6 puntos y EO de 67 por ciento, la altura del espacio intervertebral (El) de 7.67 mm. A tres años, EVA de dolor de 0.7 y EO a menos de 6 por ciento (p<0.000). Incremento altura disco promedio 2 mm. La prótesis presentó movilidad en rotación con respecto a colocación inicial en 12 pacientes. En dos casos, el implante migró con necesidad de retiro. La evaluación de EVA y EO fue de 0.7 puntos y 1.4 por ciento. La ganancia de altura del espacio intersomático mejoró 2.5 mm. Una migración a los 23 meses por esfuerzo físico no indicado representando un 5 por ciento y no existiendo ningún hundimiento. CONCLUSIÓN: se puede concluir que había una reducción del dolor y el grado de discapacidad asociada a las plataformas de menor edema y aumento del espacio intervertebral.
OBJETIVO: as próteses de núcleo (PDN-SOLO) reconstituem a anatomia e preservam a biomecânica do disco intervertebral, com um índice de migração de 10 por cento e de afundamento de 19 por cento. Por isso, foi proposto um sistema de fixação para evitar essas complicações. MÉTODOS: foram utilizados 20 pacientes com seguimento mínimo de três anos. A avaliação da dor com EVA, função com Escala de Oswestry (EO) e disco por estudos radiológicos e ressonância magnética foram aplicados. A análise estatística foi por teste t de Student. RESULTADOS: Fizeram parte do estudo 12 homens e 8 mulheres, com média de idade de 37,6 anos. Valores pré-operatórios da EVA foram de 7,6 pontos e EO de 67 por cento, a altura do espaço intervertebral (EI) de 7,67 mm. Durante três anos, a EVA de dor foi de 0,7 e a EO foi menos de 6 por cento (p<0,000). Houve aumento da altura discal média de 2 mm. A prótese apresentou mobilidade em rotação durante a colocação inicial em 12 pacientes. Em dois casos o implante migrou com necessidade de remoção. A avaliação de EVA e EO foi de 0,7 pontos e 1,4 por cento. A ganância de altura do espaço intersomático melhorou 2,5 mm. Uma migração aos 23 meses por esforço físico não-indicado representou 5 por cento. Não houve nenhum afundamento. CONCLUSÃO: pode-se concluir que houve uma redução da dor e do grau de incapacidade associados com menos edema das plataformas e aumento do espaço intervertebral.
OBJECTIVE: The prosthetic nucleus (PDN-SOLO) reconstruct the anatomy and preserve the biomechanics of intervertebral disc with a migration rate of 10 percent and sinking rate of 19 percent. Therefore, a fixing system to avoid these complications was proposed. METHODS: A total of 20 patients were followed-up for at least three years. The assessment of pain with VAS, Oswestry Scale function (OS) and disk by radiological studies and magnetic resonance imaging were applied. Statistical analysis was made by Student's t-test. RESULTS: The subjects were 12 men and 8 women with a mean age of 37.6 years. VAS preoperative values were 7.6 points and OS 67 percent, the height of intervertebral space was 7.67 mm. For three years, the VAS pain score was 0.7 and OS less than 6 percent (p<0.000). There was an increase of average disc height of 2 mm. Prosthesis showed mobility in rotation during the initial placement in 12 patients. In 2 cases the implant migrated and it was necessary to remove it. The VAS evaluation and OS were 0.7 points and 1.4 percent. The height greed of intersomatic space improved in 2.5 mm. A migration in 23 months by non-indicated physical exertion represented 5 percent. There was no sinking. CONCLUSION: We can be concluded that there was a reduction of pain and degree of disability associated with less edema platforms and increase the intervertebral space.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , Desplazamiento del Disco Intervertebral/diagnóstico , Prótesis Articulares , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , RadiografíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Shunting for hydrocephalus is the neurosurgical procedure most frequently associated with long-term complications. We developed an alternative to valvular shunts based on a simple shunt procedure whose functioning depends on a peritoneal catheter with a highly precise cross-sectional internal diameter of 0.51 mm. Preliminary studies have shown that the shunt of continuous flow (SCF) is superior to valvular shunts for the treatment of hydrocephalus in adults. Here, we show the long-term performance of the SCF in adult patients with hydrocephalus secondary to a comprehensive variety of neurological disorders. METHODS: In a 5-year period, ventriculoperitoneal shunting was performed on 307 patients with hydrocephalus; 114 of them were treated with the SCF and 193 controls were treated with a conventional valvular shunt. Patients were followed from 1 to 5 years after surgery; endpoint observation was considered at surgical reintervention because of shunt failure. RESULTS: At the end of the observation period (44 +/- 17 months), the failure rate of the shunting device was 14% for the SCF and 46% for controls (P < .0002). Shunt endurance was 88% in patients with SCF and 60% in controls. Along the study, signs of overdrainage developed in 40% of patients treated with valvular shunt, but they were not observed in patients with SCF. CONCLUSIONS: The design of the SCF was calculated according to the mean rates of cerebrospinal fluid production; it takes simultaneous advantage of the intraventricular pressure and the siphon effect and complies with the principle of uninterrupted flow, maintaining a fair equilibrium that prevents under- and overdrainage. The SCF is a simple, inexpensive, and effective treatment for hydrocephalus in adults.
Asunto(s)
Hidrocefalia/cirugía , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/prevención & control , Instrumentos Quirúrgicos/efectos adversos , Derivación Ventriculoperitoneal/efectos adversos , Derivación Ventriculoperitoneal/instrumentación , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Ventrículos Cerebrales/patología , Ventrículos Cerebrales/fisiopatología , Ventrículos Cerebrales/cirugía , Líquido Cefalorraquídeo/fisiología , Presión del Líquido Cefalorraquídeo/fisiología , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Hidrocefalia/etiología , Presión Intracraneal/fisiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso/complicaciones , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/fisiopatología , Postura/fisiología , Estudios Prospectivos , Reoperación/estadística & datos numéricos , Instrumentos Quirúrgicos/normas , Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Derivación Ventriculoperitoneal/métodosRESUMEN
OBJECT: Management of hydrocephalus caused by expansive lesions of the posterior fossa is complicated by two main drawbacks of shunt devices: sudden decompression and overdrainage. The ventriculoperitoneal (VP) continuous-flow (CF) shunt is characterized by a peritoneal catheter with an internal diameter of 0.51 mm that promotes continuous drainage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at its production rate. The authors have previously demonstrated in adult patients with hydrocephalus that sudden decompression and overdrainage are absent when this shunt is used; here they report the findings of a prospective study in which the goal was to test the performance of this shunt in patients with severe hydrocephalus due to lesions of the posterior fossa. METHODS: During a 5-year period, 103 patients with severe hydrocephalus caused by lesions of the posterior fossa were treated by placement of a VP shunt. In 53 of these patients (control group) a shunt and valve system was surgically implanted and in 50 patients a CF shunt was implanted. All patients were followed up for a minimum of 2 years after surgery. Shunt revision or change was necessary in 21 patients (40%) with conventional shunts and in four patients (8%) with the CF shunt (p < 0.003). Signs of overdrainage were observed in 18 patients (34%) in the control group, four of whom had ascending transtentorial herniation; this complication was not seen in patients with the CF shunt. CONCLUSIONS: The CF shunt had a low rate of dysfunction and an absence of complications caused by overdrainage, which were frequently associated with the control shunts. The hydrodynamic properties of the CF shunt make it effective, even in severe cases of hydrocephalus caused by lesions of the posterior fossa.