RESUMEN
Sementes de três espécies de Cordia L., da família Boraginaceae, coletadas em diferentes cidades do Estado de São Paulo foram analisadas quanto ao teor de lipídeos e composição de ácidos graxos, com ênfase na presença do ácido gama-linolênico, um ácido graxo de grande interesse terapêutico. Os lipídeos totais foram fracionados em classes (lipídeos neutros, fosfolipídeos e glicolipídeos) através de cromatografia em coluna aberta de gel de sílica e a composição de ácidos graxos foi determinada por cromatografia a gás. As concentrações de lipídeos totais apresentaram grande variação entre as amostras (25,84 a 62,81 por cento), sendo que a classe lipídica dominante foi de lipídeos neutros (média de 88,9 por cento dos lipídeos totais). Os ácidos insaturados representaram 75 por cento da composição total dos ácidos graxos, sendo o principal representante o ácido oléico. Verificou-se a presença do ácido gama-linolênico em todas as amostras analisadas, em concentrações que variaram de 0,63 a 2,54 por cento, valores superiores àqueles relatados pela literatura para outras espécies do gênero Cordia L.
Seeds of three Cordia L. species (Boraginaceae), collected in different cities of the State of São Paulo were analysed in relation to the lipid content and fatty acid composition, with emphasis on the presence of gamma-linolenic acid, a fatty acid with therapeutical interest. The total lipids were separated into classes (neutral lipids, phospholipids and glucolipids) by open column chromatography with silica gel and the fatty acid composition was determined by gas chromatography. Although the levels of total lipids varied considerably between samples (25.84 to 62.81 percent), the dominant class was that of neutral lipids (88.9 percent of the total lipids). The insaturated acids represented 75 percent of the total composition of fatty acids, with oleic acid being the main representative. The presence of gamma-linolenic acid was ascertained in all the samples analysed, in concentrations from 0.63 to 2.54 percent, higher values than those related in literature for other Cordia.
RESUMEN
The objective of this paper was to evaluate the efficacy of diphenhydramine hydrochloride (DPH) in dystonic patients. In 1995, Truong et al reported encouraging results in five patients with idiopathic torsion dystonia (ITD) treated with DPH, an H1 antagonist with sedative and anticholinergic properties. Five patients with generalized ITD, one with secondary generalized dystonia and one with idiopathic segmental dystonia were included in the prospective study. Initially the response to intravenous administration of DPH versus placebo in two sessions a week apart was evaluated. Two weeks later all patients started oral DPH in increasing doses (range 100-300 mg, mean 164 mg). The degree of dystonia was determined by a modified University of Columbia Scale evaluating the baseline score, after placebo and DPH I.V. administration then at one and six months after starting oral treatment. The results were analyzed by Friedman's test for repeated measurements. On comparing scores for baseline severity, I.V. placebo and I.V. DPH presented a highly significant correlation (12.09; p = 0.00) as well as comparing baseline score with oral DPH at one and 6 months, treatment (12.78; p = 0.00). Functional score results were 9.5 p = 0.01 and 8.4 p = 0.02 at one and 6 months respectively. The most common side effects were somnolence and dizziness. It can be concluded that DPH proved effective in our patients with mild to moderate adverse effects not requiring drug withdrawal in any case. However, I.V. challenge was unable to predict the long-term response to oral medication perhaps due to the limited number of cases.
Asunto(s)
Difenhidramina/uso terapéutico , Distonía/tratamiento farmacológico , Antagonistas de los Receptores Histamínicos H1/uso terapéutico , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Niño , Método Doble Ciego , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Índice de Severidad de la EnfermedadRESUMEN
The objective of this paper was to evaluate the efficacy of diphenhydramine hydrochloride (DPH) in dystonic patients. In 1995, Truong et al reported encouraging results in five patients with idiopathic torsion dystonia (ITD) treated with DPH, an H1 antagonist with sedative and anticholinergic properties. Five patients with generalized ITD, one with secondary generalized dystonia and one with idiopathic segmental dystonia were included in the prospective study. Initially the response to intravenous administration of DPH versus placebo in two sessions a week apart was evaluated. Two weeks later all patients started oral DPH in increasing doses (range 100-300 mg, mean 164 mg). The degree of dystonia was determined by a modified University of Columbia Scale evaluating the baseline score, after placebo and DPH I.V. administration then at one and six months after starting oral treatment. The results were analyzed by Friedmans test for repeated measurements. On comparing scores for baseline severity, I.V. placebo and I.V. DPH presented a highly significant correlation (12.09; p = 0.00) as well as comparing baseline score with oral DPH at one and 6 months, treatment (12.78; p = 0.00). Functional score results were 9.5 p = 0.01 and 8.4 p = 0.02 at one and 6 months respectively. The most common side effects were somnolence and dizziness. It can be concluded that DPH proved effective in our patients with mild to moderate adverse effects not requiring drug withdrawal in any case. However, I.V. challenge was unable to predict the long-term response to oral medication perhaps due to the limited number of cases.