RESUMEN
The field of movement ecology has rapidly grown during the last decade, with important advancements in tracking devices and analytical tools that have provided unprecedented insights into where, when, and why species move across a landscape. Although there has been an increasing emphasis on making animal movement data publicly available, there has also been a conspicuous dearth in the availability of such data on large carnivores. Globally, large predators are of conservation concern. However, due to their secretive behavior and low densities, obtaining movement data on apex predators is expensive and logistically challenging. Consequently, the relatively small sample sizes typical of large carnivore movement studies may limit insights into the ecology and behavior of these elusive predators. The aim of this initiative is to make available to the conservation-scientific community a dataset of 134,690 locations of jaguars (Panthera onca) collected from 117 individuals (54 males and 63 females) tracked by GPS technology. Individual jaguars were monitored in five different range countries representing a large portion of the species' distribution. This dataset may be used to answer a variety of ecological questions including but not limited to: improved models of connectivity from local to continental scales; the use of natural or human-modified landscapes by jaguars; movement behavior of jaguars in regions not represented in this dataset; intraspecific interactions; and predator-prey interactions. In making our dataset publicly available, we hope to motivate other research groups to do the same in the near future. Specifically, we aim to help inform a better understanding of jaguar movement ecology with applications towards effective decision making and maximizing long-term conservation efforts for this ecologically important species. There are no costs, copyright, or proprietary restrictions associated with this data set. When using this data set, please cite this article to recognize the effort involved in gathering and collating the data and the willingness of the authors to make it publicly available.
Asunto(s)
Panthera , Animales , Ecología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , MovimientoRESUMEN
Rodents are well-known hosts of Trypanosoma cruzi but little is known on the role of some caviomorph rodents. We assessed the occurrence and prevalence of T. cruzi infection in Microcavia australis ("southern mountain, desert or small cavy") and its infectiousness to the vector Triatoma infestans in four rural communities of Tafí del Valle department, northwestern Argentina. Parasite detection was performed by xenodiagnosis and polymerase chain reaction amplification of the hyper-variable region of kinetoplast DNA minicircles of T. cruzi (kDNA-PCR) from blood samples. A total of 51 cavies was captured in traps set up along cavy paths in peridomestic dry-shrub fences located between 25 and 85 m from the nearest domicile. We document the first record of M. australis naturally infected by T. cruzi. Cavies presented a very high prevalence of infection (46.3%; 95% confidence interval, CI=33.0-59.6%). Only one (4%) of 23 cavies negative by xenodiagnosis was found infected by kDNA-PCR. TcI was the only discrete typing unit identified in 12 cavies with a positive xenodiagnosis. The infectiousness to T. infestans of cavies positive by xenodiagnosis or kDNA-PCR was very high (mean, 55.8%; CI=48.4-63.1%) and exceeded 80% in 44% of the hosts. Cavies are highly-competent hosts of T. cruzi in peridomestic habitats near human dwellings in rural communities of Tucumán province in northwestern Argentina.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de Chagas/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Roedores/parasitología , Trypanosoma cruzi/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Argentina/epidemiología , Enfermedad de Chagas/epidemiología , Enfermedad de Chagas/parasitología , Enfermedad de Chagas/transmisión , Estudios Transversales , ADN de Cinetoplasto/genética , Vectores de Enfermedades , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Prevalencia , Enfermedades de los Roedores/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Roedores/transmisión , Roedores , Población Rural , ZoonosisRESUMEN
INTRODUCCIÓN Triatoma infestans, principal vector en el Cono Sur de la enfermedad de Chagas, y Triatoma eratyrusiformis (especie silvestre) se hallan infectados por Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) en áreas de Tafí del Valle, Tucumán. OBJETIVOS Determinar la infección por T. cruzi y evaluar la prevalencia en la población de cuises y animales domésticos de Tafí del Valle, Tucumán. MÉTODOS Los cuises fueron capturados con trampas jaula, cebadas con frutos nativos. En los 42 cuises capturados vivos se procedió a medir, pesar, sexar, determinar la preñez, tomar muestras de sangre cardíaca y de tejido de la oreja, y realizar un xenodiagnóstico. A los animales domésticos se les efectuó xenodiagnóstico, y se tomaron muestras de sangre. RESULTADOS El 45% de los cuises fueron positivos a T. cruzi por xenodiagnóstico. Fueron capturados en 3 casas de Quilmes de Abajo, 2 de Quilmes Centro, 2 de El Bañado y 1 de Anjuana. Los 19 cuises positivos por xenodiagnóstico infectaron a 95 (59%) de 161 triatominos examinados individualmente al microscopio óptico. Entre los 11 animales domésticos examinados, 1 perro (14%) y 1 gato (33%) se hallaron infectados por xenodiagnóstico. DISCUSIÓN os resultados sugieren la presencia de un ciclo silvestre de T. cruzi activo en proximidad de las viviendas. Será imposible garantizar la interrupción local de la transmisión por Triatoma infestans si no existe una vigilancia entomológica sostenida en peridomicilio y extraperidomicilio cercano.