RESUMEN
Recently, several groups have studied the influence of possible noxious elements present in the intrauterine environment which may favor the development of several diseases in the adult. There is evidence of an increased prevalence of some disorders in special risk groups of fetuses. In the small for gestational age patient, a form of "programming" may occur which produce metabolic changes in the fetus in response to malnutrition. There are several other associations described, but in most of them the precise pathogenic mechanisms involved have not been elucidated. In this article we present evidence of several disorders which develop in the adult and their relationship with conditions during fetal life. Finally, we offer some recommendations to diminish these risks.
Asunto(s)
Recién Nacido Pequeño para la Edad Gestacional , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal , Adulto , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/etiología , Chile/epidemiología , Diabetes Mellitus/etiología , Femenino , Trastornos del Crecimiento/etiología , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Morbilidad , Neoplasias/etiología , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso/etiología , Obesidad/etiología , Embarazo , Enfermedades Respiratorias/etiología , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Total gastrectomy is rarely indicated in childhood and when necessary it involves multiple ulterior therapeutic problems, mainly nutritional, which need a meticulous physiological approach to avoid further complications, as illustrated by the following patient who, at age 15 months, was submitted to total gastric resection, Y en Roux esophagojejunal anastomosis and splenectomy, because of peritonitis secondary to dehiscence of a recent esophagogastric anastomosis for partial gastric resection due to gastric volvulus and necrosis, which in turn were associated to diaphragmatic relaxation. The patient was admitted to our hospital one month later with signs of acute calorie-protein malnutrition (W/A 60% and W/H 68%, NCHS standards) requiring combined parenteral and enteral nutritional support (via central venous catheter and jejunostomy tube for 15 and 35 days respectively) together with intramuscular vitamin B 12, oral iron and oral vitamin supplements before it became possible to fed him only by mouth. Prophylaxis against Streptococcus pneumonia infections with monthly benzatin penicillin was also instituted. Mean daily weight increases of 16 g, W/A 68% and W/H 74% were thus achieved before hospital discharge, without evidence of dumping syndrome nor alkaline reflux.
Asunto(s)
Gastrectomía/efectos adversos , Desnutrición Proteico-Calórica/etiología , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Recién Nacido Pequeño para la Edad Gestacional , Masculino , Desnutrición Proteico-Calórica/terapiaRESUMEN
We report 10 patients with primary hypoparathyroidism. Age at onset varied from 7 months to 52 years (mean 28); 7 were female. Diagnosis was established at a mean of 4.1 years after the appearance of clinical manifestations. Unexplained hypocalcemia (mean 5.3 mg/dl) and hyperphosphatemia (mean 6.4 mg/dl) were present in all patients. Prevalent symptoms included tetany (9 patients), seizures (5) and hypocalcemic cataracts (4). Clinical manifestations may be grouped into 5 types 1) tetany; 2) seizures; 3) other neurologic disorders (basal ganglia calcification, pseudotumor of the brain, ataxia, nystagmus, hypertonus, paresis); 4) disorders of the lens including fully developed cataracts and 5) skin alterations like psoriasis and others. Some of these run on acute course (seizures, tetany), others a subacute one (skin alterations) while others are rather chronic (cataract and other neurologic disorders). Seizures and electroencephalographic disorders predominate in younger patients while tetany is more prevalent in older subjects.