RESUMEN

The causes of fragility fractures in vertebrae and femur are reviewed, and the possibility of both surgical and pharmacological treatment to prevent their occurrence is indicated.

Asunto(s)

Fracturas del Fémur/fisiopatología , Fracturas Osteoporóticas/fisiopatología , Columna Vertebral/fisiopatología , Anciano , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , Densidad Ósea , Calcificación Fisiológica , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Ortopedia/métodos , Ácidos Polimetacrílicos/química , Riesgo

RESUMEN

The rapid onset of the Domino Effect following the first Vertebral Compression Fracture is a direct consequence of the mechanical variations that affect the spine when physiological curves are modified. The degree of kyphosis influences the intensity of the Flexor Moment; this is greater on vertebrae D7, D8 and on vertebrae D12, L1 when the spine flexes. Fractures of D7, D8, D12 and L1 are, by far, the most frequent and also the main cause of the mechanical alterations that can trigger the Domino Effect. For these considerations vertebrae D7, D8, D12 and L1 have to be taken in consideration as "critical". In the case of critical clinical vertebral fractures it is useful to provide an indication for minimally invasive surgical reduction or intrasomatic stabilization. When occurs a fracture of a "critical vertebra", prompt restoration of the heights leads to a reduction in the Kyphosis Index and therefore in the Flexor Moment, not only of the fractured vertebra but also, in turn, of all the other metameres which, even if morphologically still intact, are structurally fragile; so, through the restoration of the mechanical vertebral proprieties, we can reduce the risk of the Domino Effect. At the same time the prompt implementation of osteoinductive therapy is indispensable in order to achieve rapid and intense reconstruction of the trabecular bone, the strength of which increases significantly in a short period of time. Clinical studies are necessary to confirm the reduction of the domino effect following a fragility fracture of "critical vertebrae" with the restoration of the mechanical properties together with anabolic therapy.