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Septoglomus mexicanum is here described as a new species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF; Glomeromycota) based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses. It was isolated from rhizospheric soil of two endemic Mexican legumes: Prosopis laevigata and Mimosa luisana, which grow in semiarid regions of central Mexico. Septoglomus mexicanum is characterized by forming globose spores of (154.5-)202.8(-228.9) µm diam and a spore wall consisting of four layers (SWL1-SWL4): outer wall layer (SWL1) hyaline, evanescent, (1.7-)3.2(-4.3) µm thick; SWL2 laminate and smooth, orange to reddish orange, (3.1-)4.5(-6.1) µm thick; SWL3 laminate, smooth, reddish orange to reddish brown, (4.1-)5.1(-5.7) µm thick; and SWL4 hyaline, semiflexible, (0.93-)1.2(-1.4) µm thick. None of the spore wall layers stain with Melzer's reagent. The subtending hypha has a color from yellowish to golden and presents a septum on spore base. Septoglomus mexicanum can be distinguished from all other Septoglomus species by spore size and color, by spore wall structure (four layers), and by color change of the subtending hypha. Phylogenetic analysis based on the AMF extended DNA barcode covering a 1.5-kb fragment of the small subunit (SSU), internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2), and the large subunit (LSU) of rRNA genes places S. mexicanum in the genus Septoglomus, separated from other described Septoglomus species, especially S. turnauae, with whom it could be confused morphologically. All available sequences in public databases suggest that this new fungal species has not yet been previously detected. Thus, there are currently 149 Glomeromycota species registered in Mexico, representing 47.4% of the known species worldwide.

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Probiotics have provided benefits to general health, but they are still insufficient to dental health. This study aimed to evaluate milk supplemented with probiotic bacteria and standard milk, measured by levels of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Lactobacillus spp., in 3-4-year-old children after 9 months of intervention. The study was a triple-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. The sample was composed of 363 preschoolers attending five child development centers in Cali, Colombia. They were randomized to two groups: children in the intervention group drank 200 mL of milk with Lactobacillus rhamnosus 5x106 and Bifidobacteruim longum 3x106, and children in the control group drank 200 mL of standard milk. Interventions occurred on weekdays and information was gathered through scheduled clinical examination. The primary result was the number of colony forming units (CFU) of S. mutans and Lactobacillus spp. in the saliva. Secondary results were dental caries, rated by the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS), dental plaque, pH, and salivary buffer capacity. The proportion of S. mutans was lower in the intervention group compared with the control group after 9 months; however, the differences did not reach statistical significance (p=0.173); on the other hand, statistically significant differences between groups were found in the CFU/mL of Lactobacillus spp. (p=0.002). There was not statistically significant difference in the prevalence of dental caries for both groups (p=0.767). Differences between groups were found in the salivary buffering capacity (p=0.000); neither salivary pH nor dental plaque were significantly different. Regular consumption of milk containing probiotics bacteria reduced CFU/mL of Lactobacillus spp. and increased salivary buffering capacity at 9 months of consumption.

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La gestión del conocimiento es una de las funciones sustantivas de las instituciones de la educación superior, es la misión social, la razón de ser que tienen las diferentes instituciones, por medio de la cual logran difundir sus conocimientos y contribuir con el desarrollo socio productivo y cultural de la colectividad. El propósito del presente artículo es analizar la necesidad de la endogenización de las funciones sustantivas; la gestión del conocimiento, la academia y la investigación, en relación con la gestión del conocimiento dentro de las universidades. El vínculo universidad-sociedad, es uno de los puntos que demuestran la pertinencia de la gestión del conocimiento, al incidir de manera positiva en el desarrollo socio-económico del país y en el logro del bienestar humano establecido dentro del Plan del Buen Vivir, al poner en práctica la inclusión, socialización y democratización de la educación(AU)

Knowledge management is one of the substantive roles of the higher education institutions, it is the social mission, the reason for the existence of the different institutions through which the spread of knowledge and contribution to the social, productive and cultural development of the community are achieved. The purpose of the present work is to analyze the need of endogenization of substantive roles such as knowledge management, the academy and the research in relation to the relevance of knowledge management in universities. The university-society link is one of the points that shows the knowledge management relevance that positively influences on the country's social and economic development and reaches the welfare of the human being established in the Good Living Plan, as it implements inclusion, socialization as well as democratization of education(AU)

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La gestión del conocimiento es una de las funciones sustantivas de las instituciones de la educación superior, es la misión social, la razón de ser que tienen las diferentes instituciones, por medio de la cual logran difundir sus conocimientos y contribuir con el desarrollo socio productivo y cultural de la colectividad. El propósito del presente artículo es analizar la necesidad de la endogenización de las funciones sustantivas; la gestión del conocimiento, la academia y la investigación, en relación con la gestión del conocimiento dentro de las universidades. El vínculo universidad-sociedad, es uno de los puntos que demuestran la pertinencia de la gestión del conocimiento, al incidir de manera positiva en el desarrollo socio-económico del país y en el logro del bienestar humano establecido dentro del Plan del Buen Vivir, al poner en práctica la inclusión, socialización y democratización de la educación

Knowledge management is one of the substantive roles of the higher education institutions, it is the social mission, the reason for the existence of the different institutions through which the spread of knowledge and contribution to the social, productive and cultural development of the community are achieved. The purpose of the present work is to analyze the need of endogenization of substantive roles such as knowledge management, the academy and the research in relation to the relevance of knowledge management in universities. The university-society link is one of the points that shows the knowledge management relevance that positively influences on the country's social and economic development and reaches the welfare of the human being established in the Good Living Plan, as it implements inclusion, socialization as well as democratization of education

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La integración de las funciones sustantivas de las universidades deviene un reto actualmente y la gestión del conocimiento constituye la misión social, la razón de ser de los diferentes centros de altos estudios, por medio de la cual logran difundir sus saberes y experiencias, así como contribuir al desarrollo socioproductivo y cultural de la colectividad. En el presente artículo se proponen acciones necesarias para endogenizar las funciones sustantivas universitarias desde ese tipo de gestión, a partir de la aplicación de métodos empíricos que permitieron conocer los criterios de educandos y docentes en relación con el problema objeto de esta investigación y revelaron a través de los resultados obtenidos,la fragmentación de los procesos sustantivos universitarios que ha estado limitando la producción del conocimiento científico en las instituciones de educación superior(AU)

The integration of the substantive functions of the universities becomes a challenge at present and the knowledge management constitutes the social mission, the reason of the different high studies institutions, by means of which they are able to diffuse their knowledge and experiences, as well as to contribute to the social, productive and cultural development of the collectivity. In this work, necessary tasks for endogenize the university substantive functions from that type of management are proposed, with the use of empiric methods that allowed to know the students and teaching staff criteria related to the object of this investigation, and they revealed through the results obtained, the fragmentation of the university substantive processes which have been limiting the production of the scientific knowledge in the higher education institutions(AU)

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Resumen Mimosa aculeaticarpa var. aculeaticarpa y M. luisana son endémicas de México y consideradas plantas multipropósito, ya que ofrecen diversos servicios a los ecosistemas y pobladores en donde se establecen. Además, son valoradas por su potencial como restauradoras de ambientes tropicales, por lo que el objetivo de este estudio fue modelar su distribución conocida y potencial. En el año 2014, se obtuvieron registros de dos bases de datos (CONABIO y MEXU); cada resgistro fue validado taxonómica, geográfica y estadísticamente, una vez validados, se obtuvo la distribución conocida y potencial para M. aculeaticarpa var. aculeaticarpa (basada en 99 registros) y M. luisana (basada en 50 registros), utilizando el algoritmo MAXENT. La distribución conocida de ambos taxa se sobreposicionó en las capas de: elevación, clima, suelo, provincias biogeográficas y cuencas hidrológicas. Mimosa aculeaticarpa var. aculeaticarpa presenta amplia distribución en México (16 estados); mientras que M. luisana se encuentra restringida a los estados de Puebla y Oaxaca. M. aculeaticarpa var. aculeaticarpa se establece entre 1 900 y 2 700 msnm y M. luisana entre 500 y 1 760 msnm. Ambas se encuentran en climas áridos y semiáridos; sin embargo, M. aculeaticarpa var. aculeaticarpa también se puede encontrar en climas templados y mésicos. Asimismo, ambos taxa se distribuyen en suelos de tipo regosol calcárico; aunque, M. aculeaticarpa var. aculeaticarpatambién está en regosol éutrico, vertisol crómico y feozem háplico. La distribución de M. aculeaticarpa var. aculeaticarpa abarca ocho provincias biogeográficas y tres cuencas hidrológicas; mientras que M. luisana se localiza en tres provincias y dos cuencas; ambas coinciden en las provincias del Eje Volcánico y la Sierra Madre del Sur. Los modelos de distribución potencial se consideran excelentes, ya que poseen un AUC de 0.91 y 0.97, respectivamente. Los modelos indican que las condiciones de temperatura y precipitación son propicias para que ambos taxa pudieran ampliar su distribución. Igualmente, los modelos generados pueden considerarse como una aproximación al conocimiento de la distribución potencial de las mimosas mexicanas. Aunque, es importante considerar que los modelos son estáticos y no consideran a las interacciones bióticas, por lo que su relación con la realidad puede variar; por lo que se recomienda analizar los modelos mediante diferentes escenarios de cambio climático y de uso de suelo.

Abstract Mimosa aculeaticarpa var. aculeaticarpa and M. luisana are endemic to Mexico, and are considered as multipurpose plants, due to the diverse services they offer to ecosystems and to local people. Additionally, they are appreciated for their potential to restore tropical environments; hence, the objective of this study was to model the present and potential distribution of these taxa. In 2014, species registers were obtained from two databases (CONABIO and MEXU); each register was taxonomically, geographically and statistically validated. Once validated, the present and potential distribution of M. aculeaticarpa var. aculeaticarpa (based on 99 registers) and M. luisana (based on 50 registers) were obtained using the MAXENT algorithm. For both taxa, the present distribution was overlapped using the layers of: elevation, climate, soil, biogeographic provinces, and hydrologic basins. Mimosa aculeaticarpa var. aculeaticarpa showed a wide distribution in Mexico (16 states); whilst M. luisana was restricted to the states of Puebla and Oaxaca. M. aculeaticarpa var. aculeaticarpa establishes between 1 900 and 2 700 masl, and M. luisana between 500 and 1 760 masl. Both species were established in arid and semiarid climates; however, M. aculeaticarpa var. aculeaticarpa can also be found in temperate and mesic climates. Moreover, both taxa are distributed in calcareous regosol soils; although, M. aculeaticarpa var. aculeaticarpa is also found in eutric regosol, chromic vertisol and haplic phaeozem. The distribution of M. aculeaticarpa var. aculeaticarpa includes eight biogeographic provinces and three hydrologic basins; whilst M. luisana was only located in three provinces and two hydrologic basins; both are present in the Eje Volcánico and Sierra Madre del Sur provinces. The potential distribution models are considered as excellent ones due to an AUC of 0.91 and 0.97, respectively; these models indicated that the temperature and precipitation conditions would be suitable for the enlargement of their distribution. Likewise, these models can be considered an approach to the potential distribution knowlegment of the Mexican mimosas. Nevertheless, it is important to note that the models are static and do not take into account any biotic interaction; therefore, their relationship with reality can vary. Thus, it is recommended to analyze the models through different climate change and land use scenarios. Rev. Biol. Trop. 66(1): 321-335. Epub 2018 March 01.

RESUMEN

La integración de las funciones sustantivas de las universidades deviene un reto actualmente y la gestión del conocimiento constituye la misión social, la razón de ser de los diferentes centros de altos estudios, por medio de la cual logran difundir sus saberes y experiencias, así como contribuir al desarrollo socioproductivo y cultural de la colectividad. En el presente artículo se proponen acciones necesarias para endogenizar las funciones sustantivas universitarias desde ese tipo de gestión, a partir de la aplicación de métodos empíricos que permitieron conocer los criterios de educandos y docentes en relación con el problema objeto de esta investigación y revelaron a través de los resultados obtenidos,la fragmentación de los procesos sustantivos universitarios que ha estado limitando la producción del conocimiento científico en las instituciones de educación superior

The integration of the substantive functions of the universities becomes a challenge at present and the knowledge management constitutes the social mission, the reason of the different high studies institutions, by means of which they are able to diffuse their knowledge and experiences, as well as to contribute to the social, productive and cultural development of the collectivity. In this work, necessary tasks for endogenize the university substantive functions from that type of management are proposed, with the use of empiric methods that allowed to know the students and teaching staff criteria related to the object of this investigation, and they revealed through the results obtained, the fragmentation of the university substantive processes which have been limiting the production of the scientific knowledge in the higher education institutions

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RESUMEN

Abstract Probiotics have provided benefits to general health, but they are still insufficient to dental health. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate milk supplemented with probiotic bacteria and standard milk, measured by levels of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Lactobacillus spp., in 3-4-year-old children after 9 months of intervention. Material and Methods: The study was a triple-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. The sample was composed of 363 preschoolers attending five child development centers in Cali, Colombia. They were randomized to two groups: children in the intervention group drank 200 mL of milk with Lactobacillus rhamnosus 5x106 and Bifidobacteruim longum 3x106, and children in the control group drank 200 mL of standard milk. Interventions occurred on weekdays and information was gathered through scheduled clinical examination. The primary result was the number of colony forming units (CFU) of S. mutans and Lactobacillus spp. in the saliva. Secondary results were dental caries, rated by the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS), dental plaque, pH, and salivary buffer capacity. Results: The proportion of S. mutans was lower in the intervention group compared with the control group after 9 months; however, the differences did not reach statistical significance (p=0.173); on the other hand, statistically significant differences between groups were found in the CFU/mL of Lactobacillus spp. (p=0.002). There was not statistically significant difference in the prevalence of dental caries for both groups (p=0.767). Differences between groups were found in the salivary buffering capacity (p=0.000); neither salivary pH nor dental plaque were significantly different. Conclusions: Regular consumption of milk containing probiotics bacteria reduced CFU/mL of Lactobacillus spp. and increased salivary buffering capacity at 9 months of consumption.

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En este trabajo presentamos los resultados de una investigación destinada a indagar la representación profesional del quehacer del psicólogo en los estudiantes de Psicología. La información relevada tanto en ingresantes al ciclo básico común como en los estudiantes de la facultad de psicología de la UBA permite afirmar la prevalencia de una representación profesional clínica. En la búsqueda de las fuentes socioculturales de esta representación, se inicia un estudio de la creación, de los cambios institucionales y curriculares acaecidos en la carrera de psicología de la UBA.

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