RESUMEN
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in horses is currently employed for clinical and commercial uses, but the protocol could be optimized to improve its efficiency. We have hypothesized that destabilization of plasma and acrosomal membranes prior to injection would positively impact the developmental potential of equine zygotes generated by ICSI. This study evaluated effects of the sperm treatment with lysolecithin on plasma and acrosomal membranes and on oocyte activation ability, initially following heterologous ICSI on bovine oocytes and subsequently employing equine oocytes. The effects of the lysolecithin -treatment on the efficiency of conventional and piezo-assisted equine ICSI were evaluated. To do this, the equine sperm were treated with different concentrations of lysolecithin and the sperm plasma membrane, acrosome and DNA integrity were evaluated by flow cytometry. The results showed that a lysolecithin concentration of 0.08 % destabilized the membranes of all sperm and affected DNA integrity within the range described for the species (8-30 %). In addition, the heterologous ICSI assay showed that lysolecithin treatment was detrimental to the sperm's ability to activate the oocyte, therefore, chemical oocyte activation was used after equine ICSI after injection with lysolecithin -treated sperm. This group showed similar developmental rate to the control group with and without exogenous activation. In conclusion, lysolecithin pre-treatment is not necessary when using ICSI to produce equine embryos in vitro. The results from the current study provide additional insight regarding the factors impacting ICSI in horses.
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Lisofosfatidilcolinas , Inyecciones de Esperma Intracitoplasmáticas , Espermatozoides , Animales , Caballos , Inyecciones de Esperma Intracitoplasmáticas/veterinaria , Inyecciones de Esperma Intracitoplasmáticas/métodos , Masculino , Lisofosfatidilcolinas/farmacología , Espermatozoides/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Oocitos/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Haemophilia B (HB) is an X-linked hereditary bleeding disorder characterized by coagulation factor IX (FIX) deficiency. To improve the quality of life of patients and adherence to treatment, recombinant factor concentrates modified to extend their half-life have been developed, called extended half-life factors (EHL: extended half-life). Nonacog beta pegol (N9-GP) is a glycopegylated recombinant human FIX molecule that has a half-life of 93 h with a single dose and has shown a higher recovery percentage than other molecules. To diagnose and monitor the treatment of haemophiliac patients, FIX activity is determined with the one-stage clotting assay (OSA) and/or the chromogenic assay. The objective of this work, carried out in three centres, was to measure the recovery of N9-PG with 10 different activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) reagents on three platforms, in samples spiked in vitro with N9-GP, at four different concentration levels. METHODS: It was measured the recovery of N9-GP with 10 different APTT reagents (polyphenol, ellagic acid, silice dioxide, colloidal silica as APTT activator on three platforms, in sample spiked in vitro with N9-GP. RESULTS: The results show heterogeneity in the activity of N9-GP measured by OSA with the different APTT reagents when the calibrations were performed with the specific calibrator of each coagulometer. A recovery percentage between 87% and 108% was obtained only with polyphenol and ellagic acid as activator in the three platforms evaluated. The other reagents studied overestimate or underestimate, with no clear profile. When a calibration curve was performed with a calibrator prepared from the N9-GP vial, all APTT reagents met the established recovery requirement. CONCLUSION: APTT reagents with polyphenol or ellagic acid as activator would be the only ones appropriate when using the commercially available OSA with specific calibrator to monitor patients treated with N9-GP.
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Factor IX , Hemofilia B , Polietilenglicoles , Humanos , Factor IX/uso terapéutico , Indicadores y Reactivos , Calidad de Vida , Ácido Elágico/uso terapéutico , Hemofilia B/diagnóstico , Hemofilia B/tratamiento farmacológico , Polifenoles/uso terapéutico , Proteínas RecombinantesRESUMEN
Resumen Introducción: El personal de otorrinolaringología presenta una elevada exposición al virus SARS-CoV-2, debido a los procedimientos que lleva a cabo. Es fundamental tomar las medidas de protección adecuadas. Determinar la seroprevalencia nos dará un mejor panorama sobre la exposición, contagios y efectividad de medidas de protección adoptadas. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de resultados serológicos positivos en personal médico que presta servicio en la Cátedra de Otorrinolaringología de marzo del 2020 a marzo de 2021. Material y Método: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, corte transversal, retrospectivo con asociación cruzada. Muestreo no probabilístico de casos consecutivos. La población total fue de 38 médicos del Servicio de Otorrinolaringología del Hospital de Clínicas. Resultados: La media de edades fue 37,4 años, 63,5% refirió haber atendido a paciente conocido portador de COVID-19. Un 42% refirió no haber cumplido con todas las medidas de protección personal, mientras que un 23,7% de los sujetos de estudio dio positivo para IgG, interpretándose como infección previa por COVID-19. Conclusión: Más de las dos terceras partes de los médicos refirió dar consulta a paciente COVID-19 positivo. Casi la cuarta parte de los médicos resultó ser positivo para COVID-19 según la prueba de serología anti-N. No se halló asociación entre consulta ni cirugía a pacientes portadores de COVID-19 y el contagio al personal médico.
Abstract Introduction: Otolaryngology personnel have a high exposure to SARS-CoV-2 virus due to the procedures they perform. It is essential to take appropriate protective measures. Determining seroprevalence will give us a better picture of exposure, contagion and effectiveness of protective measures adopted. Aim: To determine the prevalence of positive serological results in medical staff serving in the otolaryngology department from March 2020 to March 2021. Material and Method: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective, retrospective study with cross-association. Non-probability sampling of consecutive cases. The total population was 38 physicians of the Otolaryngology Service of the Hospital de Clinicas. Results: The mean age was 37.4. 63.5% reported having seen a patient known to be a COVID-19 carrier, while 42% reported not having complied with all personal protection measures. A 23.68% of the study subjects tested positive for IgG, interpreting previous COVID-19 infection. Conclusion: More than two-thirds of the physicians referred to giving consultation to COVID-19 positive patients. Almost a quarter of the physicians were positive for COVID-19 according to the Anti-N serology test. No association was found between consultation or surgery of patients with COVID-19 and infection of medical personnel.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Inmunoglobulina G/análisis , Inmunoglobulina M/análisis , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Personal de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Otorrinolaringólogos/estadística & datos numéricos , COVID-19/inmunología , Paraguay/epidemiología , Medidas de Seguridad , Prevalencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Protección Personal , Prueba Serológica para COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2/inmunologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to compare waveforms obtained with a new device for the non-invasive monitoring of intracranial pressure (ICP) in dogs with and without neurological disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective study was conducted on both neurologically normal dogs and dogs with neurological diseases. First, non-invasive ICP waveforms were recorded in normal dogs using the Braincare® BcMM 2000 monitor while the dogs were under general anaesthesia induced for procedures unrelated to this study. The dogs were positioned in lateral recumbency, and the sensor was placed over the skin of the parietal region. Secondly, non-invasive ICP waveforms were monitored in dogs with brain and spinal disease until waveforms with characteristic peaks were acquired. All the recorded signals were amplified, filtered and digitalized, by the device, and then transferred to a computer for analysis. RESULTS: Normal pulse waveforms indicating normal brain complacency were observed in eight neurologically normal dogs. In six dogs with brain disease, abnormal pulse waveforms were observed suggesting increased ICP and decreased brain complacency. Four dogs with spinal disease undergoing myelography, had normal waveforms before contrast medium injection and abnormal pulse waveforms during contrast medium injection, indicating a potential increase in ICP. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Based on these preliminary observations, this method was capable of detecting abnormal pulse waveforms that suggested increased ICP.
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Enfermedades de los Perros , Hipertensión Intracraneal , Enfermedades de la Columna Vertebral , Animales , Perros , Hipertensión Intracraneal/veterinaria , Presión Intracraneal , Monitoreo Fisiológico/veterinaria , Estudios Prospectivos , Enfermedades de la Columna Vertebral/veterinariaRESUMEN
Mycotoxins have several toxicological implications. In the present study, we evaluate the presence of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), ochratoxin A (OTA), and fumonisin (FB1) in paddy rice, polished rice, and maize from the fields and markets in Nayarit State (Mexico). The results indicated the presence of AFB1 in 21.21% of paddy rice samples and 11.11% of market maize samples. OTA was present in only 3.03% (one sample) of paddy rice samples. FB1 was detected in 87.50% and 88.88% of maize samples from field and market, respectively. The estimated human exposure was calculated for FB1 using the probable daily intake (PDI), which suggested that FB1 could contribute to the development of diseases through the consumption of contaminated maize. Positive samples indicated that some rice and maize samples were not suitable for human consumption. Further efforts are needed to continue monitoring mycotoxins and update national legislation on mycotoxins accordingly.
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Fumonisinas , Micotoxinas , Oryza , Aflatoxina B1/análisis , Grano Comestible/química , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Fumonisinas/análisis , Humanos , México , Micotoxinas/análisis , Zea maysRESUMEN
This study focuses on the development of a new hybrid biological material to be applied in the production of electrical energy. These organo-metallic cells are constituted by cyanobacteria (Fischerella muscicola) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). AgNPs were obtained by green synthesis using the extract of the fruit of theBerberis halliiplant as reducing agent with two different concentrations of silver nitrate (AgNO3), 1 and 10 mM. The morphology, physicochemical and electrical properties of the cyanobacteria with and without AgNPs were evaluated. To verify the efficacy of this new material, and the effect of the medium used, Nitrofoska or BG-11, the growth kinetics was evaluated by UV-vis up tot= 63 d with and without renewal of the culture medium and O2/CO2exchange. Through morphological characterizations ofFischerella muscicolait was possible to identify the presence of an associated bacterium identified using molecular techniques asPseudomona guguanensithat could act as a supporting organism in the growth of this cyanobacteria. The studies carried out did not shown cell toxicity for the cultures that have AgNPs and on the other hand, it was observed that the hybrid cells (Cy-AgNPs) are electron carriers recording an increase of up to 57% and 18% in their electrical potential with BG-11 and Nitrofoska culture media, respectively and an increase in the anodic current peak of 6.5% of Cy-AgNPs respect to onlyF. musicola.
RESUMEN
Obesity is a major worldwide health problem that is related to most chronic diseases, including male infertility. Owing to its wide impact on health, mechanisms underlying obesity-related infertility remain unknown. In this study, we report that mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for over 2 months showed reduced fertility rates and increased germ cell apoptosis, seminiferous tubule degeneration, and decreased intratesticular estradiol (E2) and E2-to-testosterone ratio. Interestingly, we also detected a decrease in testicular fatty acid levels, behenic acid (C22:0), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3), which may be related to the production of dysfunctional spermatozoa. Overall, we did not detect any changes in the frequency of seminiferous tubule stages, sperm count, or rate of in vitro capacitation. However, there was an increase in spontaneous and progesterone-induced acrosomal exocytosis (acrosome reaction) in spermatozoa from HFD-fed mice. These data suggest that a decrease in E2 and fatty acid levels influences spermatogenesis and some steps of acrosome biogenesis that will have consequences for fertilization. Thus, our results add new evidence about the adverse effect of obesity in male reproduction and suggest that the acrosomal reaction can also be affected under this condition.
Asunto(s)
Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Ácidos Docosahexaenoicos/deficiencia , Infertilidad Masculina/etiología , Testículo/metabolismo , Reacción Acrosómica/fisiología , Animales , Dieta Alta en Grasa/métodos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Ácidos Docosahexaenoicos/análisis , Infertilidad Masculina/sangre , Masculino , Ratones , Obesidad/complicaciones , Espermatozoides/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Short-term treatment of mammalian oocytes with different stressors induces stress tolerance of embryos derived from these oocytes. The aims of this study were to evaluate effects on embryo development when there was treatment of oocyte complexes (COCs) used to derive the embryos with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).The COCs were not incubated with H2O2: control (0 µM), or were incubated with 25, 50, 75, or 100 µM concentrations of H2O2 for 1 h prior to in vitro fertilization, and presumptive zygotes were cultured until day 7. Blastocysts at day 7 of development derived from H2O2-treated (25 µM treatment concentration) COCs were vitrified. Percentage of embryos undergoing cleavage was not affected by any treatment, while percentage of embryos developing to the blastocyst stage was less when there was treatment of COCs with 100 µM of H2O2. Embryo quality was less when COCs used to derive blastocysts were treated with 50, 75, or 100 µM concentrations of H2O2. There were lesser relative abundances of some mRNA transcripts of interest in blastocysts when there was treatment of COCs with H2O2. After vitrification, there were no differences in embryo re-expansion and hatching rates compared with fresh and vitrified blastocysts of the control group and those derived from COCs treated with 25 µM H2O2. In conclusion, treatment of COCs used to derive blastocysts with H2O2 does not induce stress tolerance in vitrified embryos of cattle; however, the viability of these blastocysts is similar to those of the control group.
Asunto(s)
Bovinos/embriología , Criopreservación , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/farmacología , Estrés Oxidativo , Vitrificación/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Criopreservación/métodos , Criopreservación/veterinaria , Técnicas de Cultivo de Embriones , Investigaciones con Embriones , Embrión de Mamíferos , Desarrollo Embrionario/efectos de los fármacos , Desarrollo Embrionario/fisiología , Femenino , Fertilización In Vitro/veterinaria , Técnicas de Maduración In Vitro de los Oocitos/veterinaria , Masculino , Oocitos/citología , Oocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Oocitos/fisiología , Oxidantes/farmacología , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Oxidativo/fisiología , Regulación hacia Arriba/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Traumatic events such as a motor vehicle accident or falling from heights are very common in veterinary medicine and often lead to vertebral fracture-luxation with concomitant spinal cord injuries, mostly in the thoracolumbar spine. The purpose of this cadaveric biomechanical study was to determine the feasibility of the three-column concept in canine thoracolumbar segments with induced fractures. Eighteen Functional Spinal Units (FSU) of the thoracolumbar segments (T12-L2) were collected from 18 medium-sized adult dog cadavers and were subjected to flexion-extension and lateral bending tests so that range of motion (ROM) was recorded with a goniometer. Fractures were induced by compressive loads applied by a universal testing machine (EMIC®). After this, specimens were screened using computed tomography (CT) and the fractures were graded as affecting one, two or three columns, and divided into groups A, B, and C, respectively. Post-fracture range of motion (ROM) was compared with the previous results. Groups B and C (with fractures in two or three columns) had instability in the two axes evaluated (P<0.05). The outcomes of this study support the applicability of the three-column theory to thoracolumbar spines of dogs, as the FSUs that suffered fractures in two or more columns showed axial instability.(AU)
Eventos traumáticos, como acidentes automobilísticos ou quedas, são muito comuns na medicina veterinária e, frequentemente, levam a fraturas ou luxações vertebrais, associadas a lesões medulares concomitantes, mais frequentemente na coluna toracolombar. O propósito deste estudo biomecânico em cadáveres foi determinar a viabilidade da teoria dos três compartimentos em fraturas induzidas em segmentos toracolombares de cães. Dezoito unidades espinhais funcionais (UEF) de segmentos toracolombares (T12-L2) foram coletadas de 18 cadáveres de cães adultos de médio porte e submetidas a testes de flexão-extensão e curvamento lateral, de modo que a amplitude de movimento (ADM) foi registrada com um goniômetro. Fraturas foram induzidas por meio de cargas compressivas aplicadas por uma máquina universal de ensaios (EMIC®). As amostras foram submetidas à tomografia computadorizada (TC), e as fraturas foram classificadas como afetando um, dois ou três compartimentos e divididas nos grupos A, B e C, respectivamente. A ADM pós-fratura foi comparada com os resultados prévios. Os grupos B e C (com fraturas em dois ou três compartimentos) apresentaram instabilidade nos dois eixos avaliados (P<0,05). Os resultados deste estudo corroboram a aplicabilidade da teoria dos três compartimentos para segmentos de coluna toracolombar em cães, uma vez que as UEF que sofreram as fraturas em dois ou mais compartimentos apresentaram instabilidade axial.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Perros , Traumatismos de la Médula Espinal/diagnóstico por imagen , Columna Vertebral/diagnóstico por imagen , Cadáver , Fracturas Óseas/diagnóstico por imagen , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , Accidentes por Caídas , Accidentes de Tránsito , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/veterinariaRESUMEN
Traumatic events such as a motor vehicle accident or falling from heights are very common in veterinary medicine and often lead to vertebral fracture-luxation with concomitant spinal cord injuries, mostly in the thoracolumbar spine. The purpose of this cadaveric biomechanical study was to determine the feasibility of the three-column concept in canine thoracolumbar segments with induced fractures. Eighteen Functional Spinal Units (FSU) of the thoracolumbar segments (T12-L2) were collected from 18 medium-sized adult dog cadavers and were subjected to flexion-extension and lateral bending tests so that range of motion (ROM) was recorded with a goniometer. Fractures were induced by compressive loads applied by a universal testing machine (EMIC®). After this, specimens were screened using computed tomography (CT) and the fractures were graded as affecting one, two or three columns, and divided into groups A, B, and C, respectively. Post-fracture range of motion (ROM) was compared with the previous results. Groups B and C (with fractures in two or three columns) had instability in the two axes evaluated (P<0.05). The outcomes of this study support the applicability of the three-column theory to thoracolumbar spines of dogs, as the FSUs that suffered fractures in two or more columns showed axial instability.(AU)
Eventos traumáticos, como acidentes automobilísticos ou quedas, são muito comuns na medicina veterinária e, frequentemente, levam a fraturas ou luxações vertebrais, associadas a lesões medulares concomitantes, mais frequentemente na coluna toracolombar. O propósito deste estudo biomecânico em cadáveres foi determinar a viabilidade da teoria dos três compartimentos em fraturas induzidas em segmentos toracolombares de cães. Dezoito unidades espinhais funcionais (UEF) de segmentos toracolombares (T12-L2) foram coletadas de 18 cadáveres de cães adultos de médio porte e submetidas a testes de flexão-extensão e curvamento lateral, de modo que a amplitude de movimento (ADM) foi registrada com um goniômetro. Fraturas foram induzidas por meio de cargas compressivas aplicadas por uma máquina universal de ensaios (EMIC®). As amostras foram submetidas à tomografia computadorizada (TC), e as fraturas foram classificadas como afetando um, dois ou três compartimentos e divididas nos grupos A, B e C, respectivamente. A ADM pós-fratura foi comparada com os resultados prévios. Os grupos B e C (com fraturas em dois ou três compartimentos) apresentaram instabilidade nos dois eixos avaliados (P<0,05). Os resultados deste estudo corroboram a aplicabilidade da teoria dos três compartimentos para segmentos de coluna toracolombar em cães, uma vez que as UEF que sofreram as fraturas em dois ou mais compartimentos apresentaram instabilidade axial.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Perros , Traumatismos de la Médula Espinal/diagnóstico por imagen , Columna Vertebral/diagnóstico por imagen , Cadáver , Fracturas Óseas/diagnóstico por imagen , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , Accidentes por Caídas , Accidentes de Tránsito , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/veterinariaRESUMEN
RESUMEN Objetivo: comparar los efectos de un protocolo de entrenamiento de resistencia (ER) con un protocolo tradicional (ET) sobre la concentración sanguínea de lactato (L) y la creatin kinasa (CK). Materiales y Métodos: se aplicaron dos protocolos de entrenamiento durante 6 meses divididos en tres etapas. Se realizaron pruebas de esfuerzo antes de comenzar los protocolos de entrenamiento y al finalizar cada una de las etapas. En cada prueba se tomaron muestras de sangre venosa en reposo, durante el ejercicio y en recuperación para medir el lactato (L) y al inicio y al final para medir la creatin kinasa (CK) e inferir las adaptaciones metabólicas y musculares. Se calculó la diferencia de medianas del lactato basal por medio de la U Mann Whitney y se comparó la diferencia de medias del porcentaje de aclaramiento entre los grupos a través de la T de Students. Resultados: se encontró una diferencia significativa en el porcentaje de depuración de lactato entre ER y ET. También hubo un aumento significativo de los valores de CK intra-grupos, antes y después de las pruebas, pero manteniéndose dentro de los rangos de referencia. Discusión: el ER aumentó la capacidad de metabolizar el lactato pos-ejercicio en potros con entrenamiento de resistencia, aunque no hubo diferencias entre la máxima producción de L entre el grupo ER y ET. El comportamiento de la CK dentro de los rangos de referencia indica que no hubo daño muscular en los potros de ambos grupos.
ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the effects of a resistance training protocol (ER) with a traditional protocol (ET) on blood lactate concentration and CK. Materials and methods: Two training protocols were applied for 6 months divided into three stages. Effort tests were performed before beginning the training protocols and at the end of each stage. In each test, samples of venous blood were taken at rest, during exercise and in recovery to measure lactate (L), and at the beginning and at the end to measure creatine kinase (CK) and infer metabolic and muscular adaptations. The difference in baseline lactate medians was calculated using Mann Whitney U and the mean difference in the percentage of clearance between the groups was compared through the Students' T test. Results: A significant difference in the percentage of lactate clearance between ER and ET was found. There was also a significant increase in intra-group CK values, before and after the tests, but remaining within the reference ranges. Discussion: ER increased the ability to metabolize post-exercise lactate in foals with resistance training, although there was no difference between the maximum production of L between the ER group and ET. The behavior of CK within the reference ranges indicates that there was no muscle damage in the foals of both groups of foals.
RESUMEN
Municipal solid waste management is a challenge for local authorities since mismanagement leads to environmental damage and social discontent. The objective of this study was to assess in an integrated manner the socio-environmental situation of a municipal landfill from México, using a design of mixed methods, which considered a quantitative evaluation of physicochemical and microbiological variables measured in leachates, surface and groundwater samples, soil and air, and a qualitative evaluation by in-depth interviews with the near-by inhabitants about their perception of the impacts of the landfill. The results show that leachates polluted the soil and surface water in a radius of up to 500â¯m from the landfill, but did not reach the groundwater, while the mean concentrations of PM10, Mn, and Ni measured in air samples at the landfill of 146⯵gâ¯m-3, 0.12⯵gâ¯m-3, 0.10⯵gâ¯m-3, respectively, in the dry season and of Mn and Ni of 0.13⯵gâ¯m-3 and 0.11⯵gâ¯m-3, respectively, in the rainy season, surpassed permissible limits. From the residents perspective the landfill pollutes soil, water and air and it contributes to vehicle traffic and noise, promotes harmful fauna and disturbs the esthetic view. Air measurements coincide with social perception and in general, the applied mixed study design helped to assess in an integrated manner the socio-environmental concerns and to give advice to improve the current management of the landfill.
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Agua Subterránea , Eliminación de Residuos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Monitoreo del Ambiente , México , Residuos Sólidos , Instalaciones de Eliminación de ResiduosRESUMEN
Resumen Se presenta parte de la información entregada durante un curso de capacitación en tuberculosis con resistencia a fármacos para referentes clínicos del PROCET de Chile, con la colaboración del Dr. José Antonio Caminero Luna. Se enfatizó el uso de métodos de diagnóstico rápidos de resistencia a fármacos basados en la biología molecular, técnicas más sensibles y específicas, con el análisis de algunos algoritmos de diagnóstico factibles de implementar en nuestro país. Se detallaron las nuevas propuestas de terapia de tuberculosis con resistencia a fármacos, especialmente TBC-MDR (multidrogo resistente), y las ventajas de nuevos esquemas terapéuticos de mayor eficacia como los que son recomendados actualmente por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS).
This publication summarizes part of the information provided during a training in multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) for clinical specialists in all health services of Chile with the collaboration of Dr. Jose Antonio Caminero Luna and the Chilean Program of Control and Eradication of Tuberculosis (PROCET). Emphasis was placed on early, sensitive and specific diagnostic methods of resistance to drugs based on molecular biology, showing some diagnostic algorithms feasible to implement in our country. Some proposals were made for changes in the treatment of tuberculosis with resistance to drugs, especially MDR-TB, with more effective therapeutic regimens recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO).
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Humanos , Tuberculosis/diagnóstico , Tuberculosis/terapia , Tuberculosis Resistente a Múltiples Medicamentos/diagnóstico , Tuberculosis Resistente a Múltiples Medicamentos/terapia , Organización Mundial de la Salud , Algoritmos , Chile/epidemiología , Tuberculosis Resistente a Múltiples Medicamentos/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
In assisted reproductive techniques, it is essential to perform a sperm selection to obtain spermatozoa with high motility and membrane integrity for in vitro fertilisation (IVF) and high-DNA integrity for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). In this study, we evaluated whether Isolate® was a suitable substitute for Percoll® for assisted reproductive techniques. Commercial cryopreserved bovine semen was used after selection in both gradients, and plasma and acrosome membrane integrity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, DNA integrity and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) were assessed by flow cytometry. Motility parameters were also evaluated by CASA system. A similar percentage of spermatozoa with intact plasma membrane, acrosome integrity and high ΔΨm was observed in both sperm selection methods, but only Percoll® showed higher percentage of spermatozoa with intact plasma and acrosome membrane compared to the post-thawing group. No differences were observed in the motility, ROS, DNA fragmentation and on the in vitro embryo production in all experimental groups. In conclusion, the selection of bovine spermatozoa with Isolate® generates spermatozoa with similar quality parameters and embryonic development compared to Percoll® providing a suitable alternative sperm selection method for assisted reproductive techniques in this species.
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Técnicas Reproductivas Asistidas/veterinaria , Preservación de Semen/veterinaria , Inyecciones de Esperma Intracitoplasmáticas/veterinaria , Espermatozoides/citología , Acrosoma/metabolismo , Animales , Bovinos , Criopreservación , Fragmentación del ADN , Citometría de Flujo , Masculino , Povidona , Dióxido de Silicio , Motilidad EspermáticaRESUMEN
African swine fever (ASF) causes greater sanitary, social and economic impacts on swine herds than many other swine diseases. Although ASF was first described in 1921 and it has affected more than fifty countries in Africa, Europe and South America, several key issues about its pathogenesis, immune evasion and epidemiology remain uncertain. This article reviews the main characteristics of the causative virus, its molecular epidemiology, natural hosts, clinical features, epidemiology and control worldwide. It also identifies and prioritizes gaps in ASF from a horizontal point of view encompassing fields including molecular biology, epidemiology, prevention, diagnosis and vaccine development. The purpose of this review is to promote ASF research and enhance its control.
Asunto(s)
Virus de la Fiebre Porcina Africana/crecimiento & desarrollo , Fiebre Porcina Africana/epidemiología , África/epidemiología , Fiebre Porcina Africana/prevención & control , Virus de la Fiebre Porcina Africana/inmunología , Animales , Control de Enfermedades Transmisibles , Reservorios de Enfermedades , Europa (Continente)/epidemiología , América del Sur/epidemiología , PorcinosRESUMEN
The objective of the present study was to evaluate if extradural contact during hemilaminectomy would cause neurological deterioration in the early and/or late postoperative period in dogs with intervertebral disc extrusion. Nineteen dogs with thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion underwent hemilaminectomy for spinal cord decompression and removal of extruded disc material. Meningeal contacts during surgery were quantified. Paraplegia (with nociception) and paraparesis were observed in 11/19 and 8/19 of dogs, respectively, before surgery. At the end of our study, only two (2/19) had paraplegia and one (1/19), paraparesis. There were more extradural contacts when extruded intervertebral disc material was at a ventrolateral position. Extradural contacts during surgery had no influence on neurological progression nor on time to recovery of motor function. Immediately (24 and 48 hours) after surgery, 13/19 dogs had the same neurological stage before surgery. At 7 and 90 days, 13/19 and 17/19 dogs, respectively, showed neurological improvement, compared with their preoperative stage. There was no influence of the number of extradural contacts on neurological recovery. These findings indicate that a careful inspection of the vertebral canal for removal of as much extruded disc material as possible does not cause neurologic deterioration.(AU)
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar se contatos extradurais durante hemilaminectomia em cães com extrusão de disco intervertebral causariam piora neurológica no pós-operatório imadiato e/ou tardio. Dezenove cães com extrusão toracolombar de disco intervertebral foram submetidos à hemilaminectomia para descompressão medular e remoção do material extruso. Durante o procedimento cirúrgico, os contatos meningomedulares foram quantificados. Antes da cirurgia, 11/19 cães apresentavam paraplegia (com nocicepção) e 8/19 cães, paraparesia. Ao fim do estudo, apenas dois cães (2/19) mostravam paraplegia com dor profunda e um (1/19), paraparesia. Observou-se maior quantidade de contatos extradurais quando o material discal extruso encontrava-se em posição ventrolateral. Os contatos extradurais não mostraram influência estatística na evolução neurológica dos animais, bem como no tempo de recuperação das funções motora. Vinte e quatro e 48 horas após a cirurgia, 13/19 cães apresentavam o mesmo grau neurológico de antes da cirurgia. Após sete e 90 dias de pós-operatório, 13/19 e 17/19 demonstraram melhora neurológica em comparação com o pré-operatório, respectivamente. A quantidade de contatos extradurais não influenciou na recuperação neurológica dos cães. Esses achados indicam que uma inspeção minuciosa do canal vertebral pode ser recomendada, a fim de remover o máximo de material discal extruso, evitando-se piora neurológica por compressão medular.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Perros , Descompresión Quirúrgica/veterinaria , Desplazamiento del Disco Intervertebral/cirugía , Desplazamiento del Disco Intervertebral/veterinaria , Médula Espinal/cirugíaRESUMEN
The objective of the present study was to evaluate if extradural contact during hemilaminectomy would cause neurological deterioration in the early and/or late postoperative period in dogs with intervertebral disc extrusion. Nineteen dogs with thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion underwent hemilaminectomy for spinal cord decompression and removal of extruded disc material. Meningeal contacts during surgery were quantified. Paraplegia (with nociception) and paraparesis were observed in 11/19 and 8/19 of dogs, respectively, before surgery. At the end of our study, only two (2/19) had paraplegia and one (1/19), paraparesis. There were more extradural contacts when extruded intervertebral disc material was at a ventrolateral position. Extradural contacts during surgery had no influence on neurological progression nor on time to recovery of motor function. Immediately (24 and 48 hours) after surgery, 13/19 dogs had the same neurological stage before surgery. At 7 and 90 days, 13/19 and 17/19 dogs, respectively, showed neurological improvement, compared with their preoperative stage. There was no influence of the number of extradural contacts on neurological recovery. These findings indicate that a careful inspection of the vertebral canal for removal of as much extruded disc material as possible does not cause neurologic deterioration.(AU)
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar se contatos extradurais durante hemilaminectomia em cães com extrusão de disco intervertebral causariam piora neurológica no pós-operatório imadiato e/ou tardio. Dezenove cães com extrusão toracolombar de disco intervertebral foram submetidos à hemilaminectomia para descompressão medular e remoção do material extruso. Durante o procedimento cirúrgico, os contatos meningomedulares foram quantificados. Antes da cirurgia, 11/19 cães apresentavam paraplegia (com nocicepção) e 8/19 cães, paraparesia. Ao fim do estudo, apenas dois cães (2/19) mostravam paraplegia com dor profunda e um (1/19), paraparesia. Observou-se maior quantidade de contatos extradurais quando o material discal extruso encontrava-se em posição ventrolateral. Os contatos extradurais não mostraram influência estatística na evolução neurológica dos animais, bem como no tempo de recuperação das funções motora. Vinte e quatro e 48 horas após a cirurgia, 13/19 cães apresentavam o mesmo grau neurológico de antes da cirurgia. Após sete e 90 dias de pós-operatório, 13/19 e 17/19 demonstraram melhora neurológica em comparação com o pré-operatório, respectivamente. A quantidade de contatos extradurais não influenciou na recuperação neurológica dos cães. Esses achados indicam que uma inspeção minuciosa do canal vertebral pode ser recomendada, a fim de remover o máximo de material discal extruso, evitando-se piora neurológica por compressão medular.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Perros , Descompresión Quirúrgica/veterinaria , Desplazamiento del Disco Intervertebral/cirugía , Desplazamiento del Disco Intervertebral/veterinaria , Médula Espinal/cirugíaRESUMEN
Diabetes mellitus in human and animal models has been correlated with low sperm count, testicular abnormalities, high levels of germ cell death, and oxidative stress. In this study, we focus on three questions: (1) Is germ cell apoptosis stage-specific in diabetic male rats? (2) Could ascorbic acid (AA) reverse oxidative and histological damage and restore testicular dysfunction? (3) Could AA treatment restore fertility parameters in diabetic rats? Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: control, diabetic, control plus AA, and diabetic plus AA. Seminiferous tubules underwent severe histological damage, together with a change in frequency of some stages of the seminiferous cycle, and germ cell apoptosis was increased in a stage-dependent manner in diabetic rats. We found a significant decrease in testosterone and higher levels of lipid peroxidation in diabetic rats when compared with controls. A major finding was that AA reversed the histological damage and peroxidation levels to control levels in diabetic rats, but testosterone levels remained unchanged. The pregnancy rate was decreased in females that mated with diabetic rats and those treated with AA, but the litter size was only reduced in the second case. Interestingly, spermatozoa from diabetic and AA-treated rats showed reduced motility and hyperactivation, but only diabetic rats had higher levels of apoptosis when compared with controls. These results suggest that treatment with AA reverses testicular damage in diabetic rats but is insufficient to restore testosterone levels, sperm motility, and fertility in a rat model.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Ácido Ascórbico/uso terapéutico , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/complicaciones , Infertilidad Masculina/tratamiento farmacológico , Infertilidad Masculina/etiología , Espermatogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Espermatozoides/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Ácido Ascórbico/farmacología , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/patología , Infertilidad Masculina/patología , Masculino , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Espermatozoides/citología , Espermatozoides/patología , Testículo/citología , Testículo/efectos de los fármacos , Testículo/patología , Vitaminas/farmacología , Vitaminas/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: There is an increasing search for antibiofilm agents that either have specific activity against biofilms or may act in synergy with antimicrobials. Our objective is to examine the the antibiofilm properties of stingless bee honeys. METHOD: Meliponini honeys from Costa Rica were examined along with Medihoney as a reference. All honeys were submitted to a screening composed of minimum inhibitory concentration, inhibition of biofilm formation and biofilm destruction microplate-based assays against a Staphylococcus aureus biofilm forming strain. Dialysis led to the isolation of an antibiofilm fraction in Tetragonisca angustula honeys. The honey antibiofilm fraction was evaluated for protease activity and for any synergistic effect with antibiotics on a Staphylococcus aureus biofilm. The active fraction was then separated through activity guided isolation techniques involving SDS-PAGEs, anion exchange and size exclusion fast protein liquid chromatographies. The fractions obtained and the isolated antibiofilm constituents were tested for amylase and DNase activity. RESULTS: A total of 57 Meliponini honeys from Costa Rica were studied in this research. The honeys studied belonged to the Tetragonisca angustula (n=36) and Melipona beecheii (n=21) species. Costa Rican Tetragonisca angustula honeys can inhibit the planktonic growth, biofilm formation, and are capable of destroying a Staphylococcus aureus biofilm. The antibiofilm effect was observed in the protein fraction of Tetragonisca angustula honeys. The biofilm destruction proteins allowed ampicillin and vancomycin to recover their antimicrobial activity over a Staphylococcus aureus biofilm. The antibiofilm proteins are of bee origin, and their activity was not due to serine, cysteine or metalloproteases. There were 2 proteins causing the antibiofilm action; these were named the Tetragonisca angustula biofilm destruction factors (TABDFs). TABDF-1 is a monomeric protein of approximately 50kDa that is responsible of the amylase activity of Tetragonisca angustula honeys. TABDF-2 is a protein monomer of approximately 75kDa. CONCLUSION: Tetragonisca angustula honeys from Costa Rica are a promising candidate for research and development of novel wound dressings focused on the treatment of acute and chronic Staphylococcus aureus biofilm wound infections.