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Introducción: Estudios recientes muestran un aumento del uso de antidepresivos en menores de 18 años, aunque pocos de ellos cuentan con indicación en este grupo de edad. El objetivo de este estudio es calcular la prevalencia anual del uso de antidepresivos en niños y adolescentes y revisar la adecuación de la prescripción a las indicaciones actuales. Métodos: Estudio de prevalencia de la utilización de antidepresivos en menores de 18 años a partir de los registros de la Base de datos para la Investigación Farmacoepidemiológica en Atención Primaria (BIFAP) durante el periodo 2013-2018, considerando al menos una prescripción por año para un mismo paciente. Resultados: La prevalencia de prescripción de antidepresivos entre los pacientes de la cohorte BIFAP ha aumentado de 2013 (7,97 prescripciones/1.000 pacientes) a 2018 (8,87 prescripciones/1.000 pacientes) en la mayoría de los grupos y en ambos sexos. El sexo femenino suma la mayoría de las prescripciones, superando al masculino en hasta 2,5 puntos en las tasas generales. En menores de 13 años la tendencia se invierte y los antidepresivos predominan en los chicos. La prevalencia de las prescripciones aumenta con la edad de los pacientes, igual que la proporción de tratamientos fuera de ficha técnica. El empleo de fármacos sin indicación disminuye con el transcurso del tiempo. Conclusiones: Observamos un aumento gradual en la prevalencia de prescripción de antidepresivos en menores de 18 años, preponderante en el sexo femenino. La elevada proporción de uso de estos fármacos sin indicación autorizada exige profundizar en el balance beneficio-riesgo y en alternativas de tratamiento más seguras. (AU)

Introduction: Recent studies show an increase in the use of antidepressants in minors (younger than 18 years), although few antidepressants are indicated for this age group. The aim of our study was to calculate the annual prevalence of antidepressant use in children and adolescents and to review the adherence of prescription to current indications. Methods: Study of the prevalence of antidepressant use in minors based on the records of the Electronic Database for Pharmacoepidemiologic Studies in Primary Care (BIFAP) of Spain for the 2013–2018 period, considering at least one prescription per year for each patient. Results: The prevalence of antidepressant prescription in patients from the BIFAP cohort increased between 2013 (7.97 prescriptions per 1000 patients) and 2018 (8.87 prescriptions per 1000 patients), in most groups and in both sexes. In this period, female patients received the most prescriptions, surpassing prescriptions in male patients by up to 2.5 points in the overall rates. In patients younger than 13 years, this trend was inverted and antidepressant use was higher in male patients. The prevalence of prescription rose with increasing patient age, as did the proportion of off-label prescriptions. The use of off-label medication decreased over time. Conclusions: There was a gradual increase in the prevalence of antidepressant prescription in minors younger than 18 years, with a predominance of the female sex. The high proportion of unapproved medication use in this age group calls for more thorough investigation of the risk–benefit balance of these treatments and of safer treatment alternatives. (AU)

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BACKGROUND: Cystic fibrosis (CF) has a vast and heterogeneous mutational spectrum in Europe. This variability has also been described in Spain, and there are numerous studies linking CFTR variants with the symptoms of the disease. Most of the studies analysed determinate clinical manifestations or specific sequence variants in patients from clinical units. Others used registry data without addressing the genotype-phenotype relationship. Therefore, the objective of this study is to describe the genetic and clinical characteristics of people with CF and to analyse the relationship between both using data from the rare disease registry of a region in southeastern Spain. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out in people with a confirmed diagnosis of CF registered in the Rare Diseases Information System (SIER) of the Region of Murcia (Spain). The patients were classified into two genotypes according to the functional consequence that the genetic variants had on the CFTR protein. RESULTS: There were 192 people diagnosed with CF reported in the Region of Murcia as of 31 December 2018. Seventy-six genotypes and 49 different variants were described, with c.1521_1523delCTT (p. Phe508del) being the most common in 58.3% of the CF patients and 37.0% of the alleles. In addition, 67% of the patients were classified as a high-risk genotype, which was associated with a lower percentage of FEV1 (OR: 5.3; 95% CI: 1.2, 24.4), an increased risk of colonization by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (OR: 7.5; 95% CI: 1.7, 33.0) and the presence of pancreatic insufficiency (OR: 28.1; 95% CI: 9.3, 84.4) compared to those with a low-risk genotype. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study in Spain that describes the mutational spectrum and its association with clinical manifestations in patients with CF using data from a rare disease registry. The results obtained allow planning for the health resources needed by people with this disease, thus contributing to the development of personalized medicine that helps to optimize health care in CF patients.

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex hormonal disorder which impairs ovarian function. The adherence to healthy dietary patterns and physical exercise are the first line of recommended treatment for PCOS patients, but it is yet unclear what type of diet is more adequate. In this case-control study, we explored associations between adherence to five dietary quality indices and the presence of PCOS. We enrolled 126 cases of PCOS and 159 controls living in Murcia (Spain). Diagnostic of PCOS and its phenotypes were established following the Rotterdam criteria (hyperandrogenism (H), oligoanovulation (O), polycystic ovaries morphology (POM)). We used a validated food frequency questionnaires to calculate the scores of five dietary indices: alternate Healthy Eating index (AHEI), AHEI-2010, relative Mediterranean Dietary Score (rMED), alternate Mediterranean Dietary Score (aMED) and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH). We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios and confidence intervals. In the multivariable analysis, AHEI-2010 index was inversely associated with Hyperandrogenism + Oligoanovulation PCOS phenotype (ORQ3 vs. Q1 = 0.1; 95% CI: (0.0; 0.9); Pfor trend = 0.02). We did not find any statistical significant association between dietary indices and total anovulatory or ovulatory PCOS. However, further studies with higher sample sizes exploring these associations among the diverse phenotypes of PCOS are highly warranted.

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INTRODUCTION: Endometriosis is a chronic painful condition characterized by high prognostic uncertainty, as well as the threat of infertility and emotional symptoms that may affect many aspects of women, including psychological characteristics like dispositional optimism. Considering the impact of endometriosis on psychological health and the paucity of papers on this topic, the aim of this study is to explore optimism and associated factors in endometriosis. METHODS: A case-control study was performed on a group of 95 women with endometriosis and 156 controls. All participants completed the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R), a self-administered tool for assessing dispositional optimism. Pain severity, medication, gynecological and socio-demographic information was also collected. RESULTS: Low optimism was observed for women with endometriosis compared to controls even after covariate adjustment (LOT-R global scores: 14.5 vs. 15.9 points, p = .045). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first evidence that a personality dimension with many prognostic implications may be altered in women with endometriosis. Our findings highlight the importance of a broader understanding of this condition, treating this disorder from a biopsychosocial perspective and suggests the need for non-medical attention within a multidisciplinary team.

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Background: Bullying as a construct is found to be related to a variety of individual, parental and academic factors. Familial factors include family environment, parenting style and parental involvement. The main aim of this study is to find out how Primary and Secondary Education students perceive parenting styles and social climate and if there are differences between pupils from these two educational stages. The study also considers the relationship between these perceptions of bullying victims and certain peer socio-affective factors. Method: Participants were 847 children and adolescents. School social climate and Family social climate were both evaluated using the Spanish version of Moos’ Family Social Climate Scale, and Parenting styles were evaluated according to the Parental Socialization Scale in Adolescence (ESPA29). Roles associated with bullying, and correlates of social reputation were measured using the Bull-S questionnaire. Results: There are differences in how primary and secondary education students perceive parenting styles and family climate. Conclusions: Parental factors are related to bullying victimization and socio-affective group variables (social preference, acceptance or rejection levels, and the number of friends). The study highlighs risk and protective factors for victimization (AU)

Antecedentes: considerado el bullying como constructo, encontramos relación con una variedad de factores individuales, parentales y académicos asociados. Los factores familiares incluyen el clima familiar y los estilos de crianza. El objetivo principal de este estudio es analizar cómo perciben los estilos de crianza y el clima social los estudiantes de Educación Primaria y Secundaria y si existen diferencias entre los estudiantes de estas dos etapas. El estudio también trata sobre la relación de estas percepciones entre las víctimas de bullying y ciertos factores socio-afectivos de los iguales. Método: participaron 847 jóvenes y adolescentes. El clima social familiar y escolar fueron evaluados utilizando la Escala de Clima Social Familiar de Moos y los estilos de Crianza de los Padres fueron evaluados de acuerdo a la Escala ESPA29. Roles asociados al bullying y reputación social se midieron mediante el cuestionario Bull-S. Resultados: se encuentran diferencias entre los estudiantes de Educación Primaria y Secundaria en la percepción de los estilos de crianza y clima familiar. Conclusiones: los factores parentales se relacionan con la victimización por bullying y con variables socio-afectivas del grupo (preferencia social, aceptación o rechazo y el número de amigos). Se señalan factores de riesgo y de protección de victimización (AU)

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