RESUMEN
AIM: To determine the relationship between the apendicular skeletal muscle mass and functional levels in non-institutionalized older adults in Santiago de Chile. METHODOLOGY: This is a quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive correlational, cross-sectional study of 59 older adults (13 men and 46 women) who live in the community, particularly in Santiago, Chile. The muscle mass was estimated through anthropometric values and a predictive, validated equation for calculating Skeletal Appendicular Muscle Mass (MMAE). Functionality was evaluated through the Functional Assessment of the Elderly (EFAM) instrument, used by the Ministry of Health of Chile since 1999. RESULTS: The comparison of means of the MMAE values was higher in men (13.73 vs. 20.74; α: 0.05). This difference was also observed in its minimum, maximum, and variability. In the sample, A higher percentage of subjects were at risk of dependency or self-reliant without risk. Both sexes behave similarly; however, proportionally, women are more self-reliant without risk. A chi-square test showed no dependency relationship between functionality and sex (α: 0.05). A similar result was obtained regarding the MMAE and Functionality relationship (α: 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In the present sample, there was no significant direct linear correlation between the amount of MMAE and Functionality.
Asunto(s)
Evaluación Geriátrica , Músculo Esquelético , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Chile , Estudios Transversales , Anciano , Músculo Esquelético/fisiología , Músculo Esquelético/anatomía & histología , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Factores Sexuales , Actividades Cotidianas , Persona de Mediana Edad , Composición Corporal/fisiología , AntropometríaRESUMEN
Delirium is a neuropsychiatric syndrome of acute onset and fluctuating course, with involvement of the attention and cognition, particularly common in older people. Increases morbidity and mortality, implies a high cost for health services and can be significantly prevented with adequate control of their risk factors. The use of drugs should not be the first line strategy in the patient with delirium, except in cases of significant psychomotor agitation or disruptive hallucinations because psychotropic drugs in general often cause serious side effects in this age group. Non-pharmacological multicomponent interventions are cost-effective in preventing delirium and reduce its severity and duration. Interventions such as reality orientation, adequate hydration and nutrition, sleep hygiene, early mobility, visual and hearing aids, environmental suitability and limitation of unnecessary physical intervention or physical restraint produce consistent clinical benefits.
El delirium es un síndrome neuropsiquiátrico de aparición aguda y curso fluctuante, con compromiso de la atención y cognición, particularmente frecuente en personas mayores. Incrementa la morbilidad y mortalidad, implica un alto costo para los dispositivos de salud y puede ser prevenido en un significativo porcentaje con adecuado control de sus factores predisponentes. El uso de medicamentos no debiera ser la estrategia de primera línea en el paciente con delirium, excepto en los casos de importante agitación psicomotora o alucinaciones disruptivas, ya que los psicofármacos, en general, suelen producir serios efectos secundarios en este grupo etario. Las intervenciones multicomponentes no farmacológicas, son costo-efectivas en prevenir delirium y también en reducir su severidad y duración. Medidas como la orientación en realidad, adecuada hidratación y nutrición, higiene de sueño, movilización precoz, ayudas visuales y auditivas, adecuación física ambiental y limitación de intervenciones innecesarias o restricciones físicas producen beneficios consistentes en la evolución del cuadro.