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Transarterial radioembolization (TARE), also called Selective Internal Radiation Therapy (SIRT), has emerged as an effective locoregional therapy for primary and secondary hepatic tumors, utilizing yttrium-90 (Y90) microspheres and other agents such as holmium-166 and rhenium-188. TARE has various applications in the management of HCC across different BCLC stages. Radiation segmentectomy, which involves administering high doses of Y90 (>190 Gy), can be both curative and ablative, achieving complete necrosis of the tumor. In contrast, radiation lobectomy involves administering a lower dose of Y90 (80-120 Gy) as a neoadjuvant treatment modality to improve local control and induce future liver remnant (FLR) hypertrophy in patients who are planned to undergo surgery but have insufficient FLR. Modified radiation lobectomy combines both techniques and offers several advantages over portal vein embolization (PVE). Y90 is also used in downstaging HCC patients outside liver transplantation criteria, as well as bridging those awaiting liver transplantation (LT). Multiple studies and combined analyses were described to highlight the outcomes of TARE and compare it with other treatment modalities, including TACE and sorafenib. Additionally, the review delves into the efficacy and safety of radioembolization in managing metastatic colorectal cancer and other metastatic tumors to the liver. Recent studies have emphasized the role of personalized dosimetry for improved outcomes, and thus we described the different methods used for this purpose. Pretherapy imaging, estimating lung shunt, selection of therapeutic radionuclides, adverse effects, and cost-effectiveness were all discussed as well.

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AIM: Antenatal suspicion of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) currently relies on ultrasonographic findings, color doppler, and MRI, which have rendered it operator and expertise-dependent. No serum markers for PAS have been integrated into clinical practice yet. The aim of this meta-analysis was to identify potential serum markers for PAS by investigating third-trimester serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEFG), placental growth factor (PIGF), and soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) among PAS-cases and controls. METHODS: PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO, Web of Science, and CNKI databases were systematically searched for relevant articles. Random-effects model was applied to calculate the overall standardized mean difference (SMD) for each marker. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were performed to assess for potential covariates. RESULTS: Eight studies involving 366 PAS-cases and 518 controls were included. Third trimester sFlt-1 levels were significantly lower in PAS-cases when compared to controls (SMD = -7.76, 95%CI = -10.42 to -5.10). This was, to a certain extent, consistent among studies though they differed in their extent of significance. Levels of VEGF (SMD = 1.59, 95%CI = -0.07 to 3.25) and PlGF (SMD = -0.49, 95%CI = -1.66 to 0.67) were not significantly different between PAS cases and controls, in which studies demonstrated conflicting results. CONCLUSIONS: Third trimester sFlt-1 levels may be useful to predict PAS. Nonetheless, further studies are recommended to better understand conflicting results before adopting either VEGF or PlGF.

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Redox initiating systems (RISs) are highly worthwhile for polymerization in mild conditions (at room temperature-RT) without external thermal or light activation. With high performance redox initiating systems RIS, the free radical polymerization FRP can even be carried out under air and without inhibitors/stabilizers removal from the monomers/resins. However, efficient RISs are still based on peroxides or metal complexes. In this work, a pure organic and peroxide-free RIS is presented based on the interaction of a well-selected triarylamine derivative (T4epa) with iodonium salt used as reducing and oxidizing agents, respectively. The redox polymerization (Redox FRP) was followed through pyrometry and thermal imaging experiments. Remarkably, a full control of the work time as well as a high reactivity is observed for mild conditions.

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Currently, Redox Initiating Systems (RISs) of Free Radical Polymerization (FRP) are mainly based on the interaction of aromatic amines with peroxides (e.g., dibenzoyl peroxide (BPO)) that can be both toxic and unstable. In the present work, we aim to replace these hazardous substances in new RIS that can be peroxide-free and amine-free. Our redox two components (2K) initiating system is based on diphenylsilane (DPS) as reducing agent combined with different metal complexes (Mn(acac)2, Cu(AAEMA)2 or Fe(acac)3) as oxidizing agents. For the new proposed RIS, an excellent reactivity is found for the polymerization of benchmark methacrylate monomers under mild conditions (redox polymerization done under air and at room temperature); remarkably, it is also possible to finely control the gel time. Different techniques (optical pyrometry, Real-Time FTIR spectroscopy, Cyclic Voltammetry and Electron Spin Resonance (ESR)) were used to follow the polymerization processes but also to shed some light on the new redox chemical mechanisms.

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Six new carbazole based compounds (Ca1-Ca6) are synthesized and proposed as high performance photoinitiators with iodonium salt (iod) and/or an amine (EDB) for both the free radical polymerization (FRP) of acrylates and the cationic polymerization (CP) of epoxides upon near UV and visible light exposure using light emitting diodes (LEDs) @385 nm and @405 nm. Excellent polymerization initiating abilities are found and high final reactive function conversions are acquired. A full picture of the involved photochemical mechanisms is given.