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The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of dental caries, tooth loss, and risk factors among adult population of Chile. Furthermore, age, gender, and behavioural specific differences in caries prevalence and tooth loss were examined. A national stratified multistage probabilistic sample design in two-age cohorts was applied to the Chilean population. A sample of 1553 adults, comprising 1088 individuals aged 35-44 and 465 senior individuals aged 65-74, were examined. The DMFT was evaluated following WHO recommendations using diagnostic criteria of caries lesions into dentin. The data were analyzed by univariate and multivariate models using logistic regression analyses. Results showed a mean DMFT of 15.06 in the 35-44-year-old group and of 21.57 in the 65-74 group. Factors related to tooth loss in the 35-44 group through univariate logistic regression were depression (OR 1.9 CI 95% 1.26-2.85), education level <12 years (OR 2.24 CI 95% 1.31-3.73), personal income (OR 1.51 CI 95% 1.04-2.19), and familiar income (OR 2.05 CI 95% 1.34-3.13), and through multivariate logistic regression in the same age group were depression (OR 1.93 CI 95% 1.24-3.0), education level <12 years (OR 1.94 CI 95% 1.2-3.14), and familiar income (OR 1.71 CI 95% 1.09-2.68). Factors related to tooth loss in the 65-74-year-old group through univariate logistic regression were education level <12 years (OR 2.54 CI 95% 1.3-4.96) and personal income (OR 1.66 CI 95% 1.05-2.63), and for multivariate logistic regression in the same age group, it was education level <12 years (OR 2.51 CI 95% 1.21-5.18). In conclusion, adult population in Chile showed a high prevalence of dental caries and tooth loss, as age, education level, personal and familiar incomes, and depression are being the main risk factors.

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Las fórmulas enterales completas contienen todos los nutrientes para asegurar una adecuada nutrición, con frecuencia son administradas como suplementos orales para aumentar el aporte calórico - proteico de los pacientes. El objetivo del estudio fue conocer el índice glicémic (IG) de éstas fórmulas. Material y métodos: para determinar el IG de las fórmulas enterales se estudiaron 30 sujetos sanos entre 18 y 48 años, sin sobrepeso y sin historia de diabetes mellitus e ingesta de fármacos. Se dividieron aleatoriamente en cuatro grupos, a cada uno se administró 50 gramos de hidratos de carbono contenidos en las fórmulas enterales: Nutricomp ADN, Nutricomp Renal, Nutricomp fibra y Nutricomp diabético y se comparó con la administración de 50 gramos de glucosa. El estudio se realizó en orden aleatorio y en ocasiones separadas, después de una noche de ayuno...

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Las fórmulas enterales completas contienen todos los nutrientes para asegurar una adecuada nutrición, con frecuencia son administradas como suplementos orales para aumentar el aporte calórico - proteico de los pacientes. El objetivo del estudio fue conocer el índice glicémic (IG) de éstas fórmulas. Material y métodos: para determinar el IG de las fórmulas enterales se estudiaron 30 sujetos sanos entre 18 y 48 años, sin sobrepeso y sin historia de diabetes mellitus e ingesta de fármacos. Se dividieron aleatoriamente en cuatro grupos, a cada uno se administró 50 gramos de hidratos de carbono contenidos en las fórmulas enterales: Nutricomp ADN, Nutricomp Renal, Nutricomp fibra y Nutricomp diabético y se comparó con la administración de 50 gramos de glucosa. El estudio se realizó en orden aleatorio y en ocasiones separadas, después de una noche de ayuno...(AU)

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Las fórmulas enterales completas contienen todos los nutrientes para asegurar una adecuada nutrición, con frecuencia son administradas como suplementos orales para aumentar el aporte calórico - proteico de los pacientes. El objetivo del estudio fue conocer el índice glicémic (IG) de éstas fórmulas. Material y métodos: para determinar el IG de las fórmulas enterales se estudiaron 30 sujetos sanos entre 18 y 48 años, sin sobrepeso y sin historia de diabetes mellitus e ingesta de fármacos. Se dividieron aleatoriamente en cuatro grupos, a cada uno se administró 50 gramos de hidratos de carbono contenidos en las fórmulas enterales: Nutricomp ADN, Nutricomp Renal, Nutricomp fibra y Nutricomp diabético y se comparó con la administración de 50 gramos de glucosa. El estudio se realizó en orden aleatorio y en ocasiones separadas, después de una noche de ayuno...(AU)

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La nutrición enteral es una técnica terapéutica ampliamente utilizada para aportar nutrientes de forma efectiva a los pacientes que tienen incapacidad de recibir sus requerimientos nutricionales por la via oral y constituye una buena alternativa a la nutrición parenteral. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el impacto de la nutrición enteral sobre el estado nutricional en un grupo de pacientes operados de cáncer gástrico. Material y métodos: 30 pacientes portadores de cáncer gástrico resecables con edad promedio de 67±15 años fueron estudiados con parámetros antropométricos y bioquímicos que evalúan el estado nutricional en el período preoperatorio y postoperatorio. Durante la cirugía se instaló una sonda nasoyeyunal por la cual recibieron nutrición enteral en el postoperatorio. Se determinó el aporte real de nutrientes que recibieron los pacientes y la frecuencia de complicaciones postoperatorias...

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BACKGROUND: Oral prevalence studies are important to know the state of health and the needs of treatment. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions and associated factors among aging Chileans. METHODS: A random sample by age, gender, and socioeconomic status was obtained, comprising 889 individuals older than 65 years. Individuals were interviewed and examined in Santiago, the capital of Chile, according to the World Health Organization guidelines. RESULTS: The prevalence of one or more oral mucosal lesions in the sample was 53%. Logistic regression model revealed that denture use increased the probability of one or more oral mucosal lesions by threefold, while age, gender, smoking, medication use, xerostomia, and social or cultural factors had no effect. The most common lesion was denture stomatitis (22.3%), followed by irritative hyperplasia (9.4%), oral mucosal varicosities (9%), solitary pigmented lesions (4%), traumatic ulcer (3.5%), angular cheilitis (2.9%), multiple pigmented lesions (2.8%), hemangioma (2.3%), lichen planus (2.1%), leukoplakia (1.7%), recurrent aphthous stomatitis (1.4%), nicotine stomatitis (1.3%), median rhomboid glossitis (0.9%), actinic cheilitis (0.9%), pyogenic granuloma (0.7%), oral squamous papiloma (0.6%), and mucocele (0.2%). One case of oral cancer was observed. Different factors increased the probability of specific oral mucosal pathologies. CONCLUSIONS: We can conclude that oral mucosal lesions are common in elderly people in Santiago, suggesting the necessity for improved standards of prevention, and diagnostic and opportune treatment of these lesions.

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OBJECTIVE: Percutaneous mitral valvotomy (PMV) is an alternative to the surgical treatment of mitral stenosis. Results obtained with PMV appear to depend on the echocardiographical characteristics of the valvular apparatus. The purpose of this study was to report the immediate and late-term results with PMV. The incidence of late events (restenosis, mitral valve replacement and death), and their correlation with echocardiographic score (Wilkin's score) are also discussed. METHODS: Between December 1987 and August 1999, a total of 160 PMVs were performed at our institution. Ninety-six patients with a minimum of 6 months follow-up and echocardiographic evaluation of the mitral valve (Wilkin's score) before and after the procedure were selected for this study. Follow-up was available for 99% of the patients, with a mean follow-up of 33 +/- 22 months (range, 6 months to 11 years). Hazard ratio (HR) and Cox's regression were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS: PMV was successfully performed in 97% of the cases; in 84%, the result was considered optimal. The incidence of complications related to the procedure was 10%; no mortality was observed due to PMV. Severe mitral regurgitation was observed in 7% of the patients, but only 3% of the total group developed ventricular dysfunction or worsened their New York Heart Association functional class. Eight-four percent of the patients were free of late events at the end of the follow-up period. A restenosis rate of 34% was observed during follow-up; this rate did not correlate with age, functional class or atrial fibrillation. Restenosis was associated with pulmonary hypertension (HR 2.85; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-11.80). Also, Wilkin's score was not useful to predict the development of restenosis or clinical events in the mid- to long-term. CONCLUSION: In our series, PMV had a high immediate success rate and a low incidence of complications due to the procedure. Incidence of late events was also low and was unrelated to the Wilkin's score; however, recurrence of stenosis was observed in one-third. Pulmonary hypertension should be considered to be an important clinical predictor of restenosis.

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A CPITN survey involving Chileans aged 35-44 and 65-74 was conducted. A random, stratified sample by age, gender, socio-economic status and educational level was obtained, comprising 1150 individuals. Prevalence of chronic inflammatory periodontal disease (Codes 3 + 4) was 90.89 per cent in subjects aged 35-44, and 100 per cent in subjects aged 65-74. The total prevalence for both age cohorts was 92.19 per cent. Prevalence of periodontal disease was slightly lower in females but severity was significantly higher in males. A significant association between socio-economic status and periodontal health was found. Prevalence (Code 3 + 4) was 56.44 per cent in subjects of high, 98 per cent in subjects of middle, and 100 per cent in subjects of low socio-economic status. Also, the mean number of sextants with pockets > 6 mm (1.12) and mean number of excluded sextants (1.43) were significantly higher in subjects of low socio-economic status. An association between educational level and periodontal health was apparent. The only subjects who were periodontally healthy were in the group with university education. Prevalence of CITN (Code 3 + 4) was also significantly lower in subjects with university education. There was also a significant association between educational level and loss of teeth. Concerning missing teeth, 22 per cent were lost due to periodontal disease and 77 per cent due to caries. The prevalence of periodontal disease found in this adult representative Chilean population indicates that the entire population needs oral hygiene instruction and scaling, and that 45.70 per cent need complex periodontal treatment.

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The prevalence of enamel fluorosis and its severity was studied in 118 young men of 2 socio-economic levels. The subjects were born and resided for at least 6 years in Chilean communities with different natural levels of fluoride in drinking water. There was a high prevalence of enamel defect overall (54%) most of it of mild degree (36%). This was not related to the level of fluoride in drinking water, however further studies are needed since Chilean children are receiving fluoride from other sources. A national program to supplement drinking water with fluoride should take this information into account.

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The prevalence of the herpes simplex virus infection was investigated in a chilean female population. During 1981 and 1985 a number of 1,003 women were analyzed through serological methods. A 29.1% of the group referred past history of oral herpes and 59.4% of these presented 1 to 2 recurrent episodes a year. The high prevalence of this infection in our population is shown when detecting that a 91.4% of the female population had antiherpes simplex antibodies and the titer of this antibodies were in direct correlation to the antecent of recurrent clinical herpes and to the frequency of these episodes.

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Se presentan los casos clinicos de tres hermanas, dos de ellas gemelas, fallecidas a corta edad y una tercera hermana de doce anos de edad procedentes de embarazos de la misma madre con diferentes padres. Los tres casos presentan rasgos sugerentes del Sindrome de Beckwith-Wiedeman. Se discutem algunos hechos de la transmision genetica de este cuadro

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