RESUMEN

AIM: To assess the frequency of risk factors (RF), total cardiovascular risk (CHR) and their association with the level of education in young and middle-aged people. METHODS: Persons aged 25-59 (40.4 ± 9.2) years old took part in a one-stage comparative study; an anamnesis was taken, a physical examination was carried out, risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, cardiovascular risk were assessed according to the Systematic Coronary Risk Estimation scale in persons aged 40 years and older, according to the relative risk scale - under the age of 40, laboratory parameters. RESULTS: Hypercholesterolemia was present in 6.1%, hyperglycemia - in 4%, obesity - in 2.5%, one risk factor - in 25.5%, 3 or more risk factors - in 30.7% of patients, the maximum number of risk factors - in men. Moderate CVR was present in 58.4%, very high - in 3.7%, low - in 31.8% of cases. Low CV risk: prevalence in women with higher education (p = 0.034), compared with women with secondary education, which was not observed in the group of men (p = 0.109). Men smoked more. Persons with higher education quit smoking 4 times more often than persons with secondary education (p = 0.001; OR = 3.98), persons with secondary education smoked 2.74 times more often (p = 0.001, OR = 2.74), than higher education. Overweight was detected in 47%: in females (p < 0.001) and males (p = 0.003), its occurrence was less common in the group with higher education. AH was present in 8.3% of patients, and the level of its control was better in those with higher education than those with secondary education (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The gender conditionality of low CVR and unidirectional trends in attitudes towards smoking in connection with the level of education were established. Purposeful consideration of the level of education, age, gender, increases the identification of risk groups for the formation of multimorbidity and high cardiovascular risk in the future.

Asunto(s)

Enfermedades Cardiovasculares , Enfermedades no Transmisibles , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Factores de Riesgo , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Enfermedades no Transmisibles/epidemiología , Escolaridad , Factores de Riesgo de Enfermedad Cardiaca

RESUMEN

Modern cardiac rehabilitation represents a structured, multicomponent program, which includes physical activity, education of the patient, modification of the health behavior, and psychological and social support. In EU countries, only 44.8% of patients with ischemic heart disease receive a recommendation to participate in any form of rehabilitation, and only 36.5% of all patients presently have an access to any rehabilitation program. Systematic analysis of programs for prevention of cardiovascular diseases and for rehabilitation in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and percutaneous coronary intervention showed that complex programs can still reduce all-cause and cardiovascular mortality and frequency of recurrent MI and stroke. These programs include key components of cardiac rehabilitation, reduction of six or more risk factors, and effective control by drug therapy.

Asunto(s)

Rehabilitación Cardiaca , Infarto del Miocardio , Intervención Coronaria Percutánea , Ejercicio Físico , Terapia por Ejercicio , Humanos

RESUMEN

T560, a mouse B lymphoma that originated in gut-associated lymphoid tissue, expresses receptors that bind dimeric IgA and IgM in a mutually inhibitory manner but have little affinity for monomeric IgA. Evidence presented in this paper indicates that the receptor is poly-Ig receptor (pIgR) known in humans and domestic cattle to bind both IgA and IgM. The evidence includes the demonstration that binding of IgM is J chain dependent, and that pIg-precipitated receptor has an appropriate Mr of 116-120 kDa and can be detected on immunoblots with specific rabbit anti-mouse pIgR. Overlapping RT-PCR performed using template mRNA from T560 cells and oligonucleotide primer pairs designed from the published sequence of mouse liver pIgR indicate that T560 cells express mRNA virtually identical with that of the epithelial cell pIgR throughout its external, transmembrane, and intracytoplasmic coding regions. Studies using mutant IgAs suggest that the Calpha2 domain of dimeric IgA is not involved in high-affinity binding to the T560 pIgR. Inasmuch as this mouse B cell pIgR binds IgM better than IgA, it is similar to human pIgR and differs from rat, mouse, and rabbit epithelial cell pIgRs that bind IgA but not IgM. Possible explanations for this difference are discussed. All clones of T560 contain some cells that spontaneously secrete both IgG2a and IgA, but all of the IgA recoverable from the medium and from cell lysates is monomeric; it cannot be converted to secretory IgA by T560 cells.

Asunto(s)

Inmunoglobulina A/metabolismo , Inmunoglobulina M/metabolismo , Linfoma de Células B/inmunología , Receptores Fc/biosíntesis , Receptores de Inmunoglobulina Polimérica/biosíntesis , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Sitios de Unión de Anticuerpos , Unión Competitiva/inmunología , Metabolismo de los Hidratos de Carbono , Carbohidratos/inmunología , Precipitación Química , Reacciones Cruzadas , Activación Enzimática/inmunología , Epítopos de Linfocito B/metabolismo , Epítopos de Linfocito T/metabolismo , Humanos , Immunoblotting , Inmunoglobulina A Secretora/metabolismo , Cadenas J de Inmunoglobulina/fisiología , Linfoma de Células B/metabolismo , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Peso Molecular , Fosfatidilinositol Diacilglicerol-Liasa , Proteína Quinasa C/metabolismo , ARN Mensajero/biosíntesis , Ratas , Receptores Fc/aislamiento & purificación , Receptores de Inmunoglobulina Polimérica/genética , Receptores de Inmunoglobulina Polimérica/aislamiento & purificación , Células Tumorales Cultivadas , Fosfolipasas de Tipo C/metabolismo

RESUMEN

The prevalence of IgG antibodies to human B19 parvovirus (anti-B19) is elevated in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), especially during the later stages of HIV infection. In subjects with high titers of IgG anti-B19, 86% (19 of 22) had circulating B cells producing anti-B19. Immortalization of these cells with Epstein-Barr virus and generation of heterohybridomas by fusion with a mouse X human heteromyeloma resulted in the production of two cell lines producing IgG1 kappa monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). Both of these MAbs were specific for conformational epitopes on the VP2 capsid protein of B19 parvovirus and both were capable of neutralizing 50% of the viral infectivity in a human erythroid colony-forming unit assay at < or = 1 micrograms of MAb/mL. These human MAbs are potentially useful in the treatment of acute B19 parvovirus infection.

Asunto(s)

Anticuerpos Monoclonales , Anticuerpos Antivirales/inmunología , Infecciones por VIH/complicaciones , Parvovirus B19 Humano/inmunología , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Linfocitos B/inmunología , Células Precursoras Eritroides/microbiología , Humanos , Hibridomas , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Pruebas de Neutralización

RESUMEN

The authors describe a patient who demonstrated positive blood responsiveness to the nuclear antigens of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (p17, p31 and p55), observed steadily for 1 year and 4 months. The donor's disease history consideration made it impossible to include him in one of the known groups at risk for HIV infection whereas the lack of any changes in immunoblotting enabled one to exclude the diagnosis of HIV infection. The given case and other similar cases form the basis for introducing the second parallel screening during blood testing for HIV infection to bar the use of such blood for transfusion.

Asunto(s)

Infecciones por VIH/diagnóstico , Adulto , Western Blotting , Errores Diagnósticos , Reacciones Falso Positivas , Anticuerpos Anti-VIH/sangre , Antígenos VIH/inmunología , Infecciones por VIH/inmunología , Seropositividad para VIH/diagnóstico , Seropositividad para VIH/inmunología , Humanos , Inmunidad Celular/inmunología , Masculino

RESUMEN

A recombinant antigen produced in CV-I cells infected with vaccinia virus vC5 carrying the HIV-I gag gene was used to test sera. This antigen (rp50) reacted with 95 serum specimens shown to have anticore antibodies by immunoblot based on natural HIV antigens. Six sera from blood donors positive in ELISA contained antibodies to p17, p24, or p55 by natural antigen-based blot. All these sera did not react with rp50. These patients did not belong to any known risk groups and showed no dynamics in the immunoblot pattern. We consider the reaction of their serum samples as false positive. We believe that the recombinant antigen rp50 may be used for verification of positive ELISA results.

Asunto(s)

Antígenos VIH/inmunología , Immunoblotting/métodos , Proteínas Recombinantes/inmunología , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/diagnóstico , Antígenos Virales/inmunología , Estudios de Evaluación como Asunto , Humanos , Técnicas para Inmunoenzimas , Recombinación Genética , Virus Vaccinia/inmunología

RESUMEN

An enzyme immune diagnosticum for the detection of the antigen and antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been developed at D. I. Ivanovskii Institute of Virology of the USSR AMS. The method is based on the principle of competitive analysis using an antiviral conjugate which allows the sera to be tested without preliminary dilution and ensures a high sensitivity of the diagnosticum. The survey for HIV antibody covered 5743 subjects, among them 4898 Soviet citizens predominantly belonging to high risk groups of contracting AIDS infection, and 845 foreigners. No antibody to HIV has been detected in any of the Soviet citizens. Among the foreigners, antibody to HIV were detected in 6 subjects, all of them arriving from different African countries.

Asunto(s)

Serodiagnóstico del SIDA/métodos , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/prevención & control , Anticuerpos Anti-VIH/análisis , Antígenos VIH/análisis , Tamizaje Masivo/métodos , África/etnología , Estudios de Evaluación como Asunto , Humanos , Técnicas para Inmunoenzimas , Juego de Reactivos para Diagnóstico , Factores de Riesgo , U.R.S.S.

RESUMEN

The effect of proteases inhibitors, epsilon-amino-caproic acid and gordox, on reproduction of rotavirus SA-11 in MA-104 cells was studied by enzyme immunoassay. These inhibitors were shown to exert an inhibiting effect on rotavirus reproduction.

Asunto(s)

Aprotinina , Inhibidores de Proteasas/farmacología , Rotavirus/efectos de los fármacos , Replicación Viral/efectos de los fármacos , Ácido Aminocaproico/farmacología , ADN Viral/biosíntesis , ADN Viral/efectos de los fármacos , Depresión Química , Técnicas para Inmunoenzimas , Rotavirus/fisiología , Inhibidores de Tripsina/farmacología , Cultivo de Virus

RESUMEN

A system has been developed for expression of surface protein (SP) of the virus of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in E. coli. For this purpose, cloning and substitution of a fragment of SP gene of HTLV-III virus under control of PL-promoter of phage lambda was carried out using pre-modified plasmid vector pPL-lambda. In the constructed plasmid pL2 1950 paranucleotides, the PvuII fragment of HTLV-III virus DNA is built-in in such a way that the frames of transcription of phage lambda protein N and SP of HTLV-III virus correspond to each other. As a result, plasmid pL2 codes for synthesis of a hybrid polypeptide consisting of phage lambda protein N (59 aminoacid residues--a. r.) and SP of HTLV-III (569 a. r.). The presence of the hybrid polypeptide in lysates of E. coli strains (K-12 delta H1 delta trp/pL2, M 5219/pL2, N 4830/pL2) was determined by solid-phase enzyme-immunoassay.

Asunto(s)

Clonación Molecular/métodos , Escherichia coli/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Genes Virales , VIH/genética , Proteínas del Envoltorio Viral/genética , Bacteriófago lambda/genética , Plásmidos , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas , Transformación Bacteriana

RESUMEN

The paper deals with observations of the patients with non-A-non-B hepatitis (NANBH) transmitted by the fecal-oral mode. The disease was diagnosed by ruling out other similar diseases of the liver, primarily viral A (HA) and B (HB) hepatitides, using clinical and epidemiological data and highly sensitive methods of laboratory diagnosis of HA and HB. Cases of NANBH occurred in one of Central Asia regions in the period of the usual seasonal rise of incidence. The disease was more frequent in adults, running a mild course in most patients, although there were also severe forms with fatal outcomes observed only in pregnant women in the second half of pregnancy. The lethality among the pregnant women was 15.7%. Immune electron microscopy of fecal specimens collected from the patients in the early days of jaundice revealed virus-like particles of 27-30 nm in diameter, morphologically similar to HA virus but forming no immune complexes upon treatment with blood sera containing antibody to HA virus antigen.

Asunto(s)

Heces/microbiología , Hepatitis C/epidemiología , Hepatitis Viral Humana/epidemiología , Boca/microbiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Asia Central , Femenino , Antígenos de Superficie de la Hepatitis B/análisis , Hepatitis C/diagnóstico , Hepatitis C/transmisión , Virus de Hepatitis/aislamiento & purificación , Hepatovirus/inmunología , Humanos , Inmunoelectroforesis Bidimensional , Técnicas para Inmunoenzimas , Inmunoglobulina M/análisis , Microscopía Electrónica , Persona de Mediana Edad , Embarazo , Virión/aislamiento & purificación

Asunto(s)

Deltaretrovirus/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Plásmidos , Recombinación Genética , Proteínas del Envoltorio Viral/genética , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/microbiología , Enzimas de Restricción del ADN , Escherichia coli/genética , Genes Virales , Humanos

RESUMEN

The paper describes the study of non-A-non-B virus hepatitis with parenteral mechanism of the infection transmission. Immunofluorescence method was used to test 9 liver biopsies from patients with non-A-non-B hepatitis using blood sera from convalescents after this disease. In 6 liver preparations, diffuse fluorescence of hepatocyte cytoplasm was observed. No markers of hepatitis A or hepatitis B were found. In the control group of 17 patients with HB and HA, no non-A-non-B hepatitis antigen was detected. Analysis of the blood sera from the acute period by the ELISA demonstrated the presence of anti-HBs in 28.2% of the patients with non-A-non-B virus hepatitis which corresponds to the frequency of their detection in the normal population. Antibody to HBeAg were found in 59.5%, i. e. significantly more frequently than anti-HBs in non-A-non-B virus hepatitis (p less than 0.03) and anti-HBe in the normal population (15%, p less than 0.01). Experiments of DNA-DNA hybridization demonstrated the homology of HBV DNA and that isolated from the blood serum and liver of patients with non-A-non-B virus hepatitis. The above results suggest that the agent or one of the agents of parenteral non-A-non-B virus hepatitis belongs to the group of Hepadnaviruses.

Asunto(s)

Hepatitis C/inmunología , Hepatitis Viral Humana/inmunología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anticuerpos Antivirales/análisis , Biopsia con Aguja , ADN Viral/genética , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente , Hepatitis A/inmunología , Hepatitis B/inmunología , Anticuerpos contra la Hepatitis B/análisis , Antígenos de la Hepatitis B/análisis , Hepatitis C/transmisión , Virus de Hepatitis/genética , Virus de Hepatitis/inmunología , Hepatovirus/inmunología , Humanos , Hígado/inmunología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Hibridación de Ácido Nucleico

RESUMEN

A total of 300 blood serum samples, containing HBsAg and obtained from donors in three regions of the USSR (the RSFSR, the Uzbek SSR and the Moldavian SSR) differing in the level of HBsAg carriership, were studied for the presence of HBeAg and antibodies to this antigen in the passive hemagglutination (PHA) test and in the enzyme immunoassay (EIA). The occurrence of HBeAg was found to depend on the level of HBsAg carriership in the region. Thus, according to the EIA results, in Gorky, Kishinev and Tashkent HBeAg was detected, respectively, in 5.5%, 12.3% and 13.3% of serum samples, the level of HBsAg carriership in these cities being, according to the results of the PHA test, 1.4%, 5.0% and 9.0%. As shown by the results of EIA, the occurrence of HBeAg increased with the rise of the titer of HBsAg, while regarding the occurrence of antibodies to HBeAg the reverse relationship was observed.

Asunto(s)

Portador Sano/inmunología , Anticuerpos contra la Hepatitis B/análisis , Antígenos de la Hepatitis B/análisis , Antígenos de Superficie de la Hepatitis B/análisis , Antígenos e de la Hepatitis B/análisis , Hepatitis B/inmunología , Adolescente , Adulto , Pruebas de Hemaglutinación , Humanos , Técnicas para Inmunoenzimas , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pruebas de Precipitina , U.R.S.S. , Población Urbana

RESUMEN

The risk of infection with viral hepatitis B (HB) in medical personnel of various professions was determined. Differences in the detection of hepatitis B virus markers in medical workers of Moscow and the town of Kzyl-Orda were demonstrated. The maximum number of persons with anti-HBs were found among laboratory personnel (30.8%), physicians (21.5%), hospital attendants (18.8%). The level of detected HBV markers correlated with the degree of contacts with blood. The rate of anti-HBs detection increased with the duration of work in the public health system and reached the maximum levels in the group of persons with a work record of 15-19 years. Comparative evaluation of counter-current immunoelectrophoresis, indirect hemagglutination, and ELISA methods for the detection of HBsAg was made.

Asunto(s)

Anticuerpos contra la Hepatitis B/análisis , Antígenos de Superficie de la Hepatitis B/análisis , Cuerpo Médico de Hospitales , Portador Sano/epidemiología , Portador Sano/inmunología , Femenino , Hepatitis B/epidemiología , Hepatitis B/inmunología , Humanos , Kazajstán , Masculino , Moscú , Población Urbana

RESUMEN

Passive hemagglutination test (PHA) was found to detect HBsAg in the population living outside the hepatitis B virus foci 1.5-fold as frequently as counter immunoelectroosmophoresis technique, and anti-HBs by enzyme immunoassay 14-fold as frequently. As compared with normal population, the contacts in foci had 4-fold higher levels of HBsAg carrier state and twice as high rates of detection of anti-HBs. The total index of HBV infection in foci was 27.7%. The above materials considerably extend the concepts of HBV epidemiology. The regularity of the results obtained indicate the specificity and high sensitivity of PHA and EIA tests and suggests that they be used on a wider scale.

Asunto(s)

Brotes de Enfermedades , Reservorios de Enfermedades , Virus de la Hepatitis B/inmunología , Hepatitis B/inmunología , Adolescente , Adulto , Portador Sano/inmunología , Niño , Enfermedad Crónica , Contrainmunoelectroforesis , Femenino , Pruebas de Hemaglutinación , Anticuerpos contra la Hepatitis B/análisis , Antígenos de Superficie de la Hepatitis B/análisis , Humanos , Técnicas para Inmunoenzimas , Masculino

RESUMEN

Studies aimed at the development of a variant of ELISA for the determination of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) showed the assay to be most effective when a modified periodate method of conjugation of highly purified horseradish peroxidase with the IgG-fraction of antiserum to HBsAg was used. With the resulting conjugates, the "sandwich"-test on polystyrene solid phase could detect HBsAg in concentrations up to 5 ng/ml which is several thousand-fold higher in sensitivity than counter immunoelectrophoresis, one order of magnitude more sensitive than the passive hemagglutination test, and comparable with the radioimmunoassay (RIA). The specificity of the method was confirmed by positive results of the neutralization test. By this method, HBsAg in the sera of hepatitis B patients was detected as frequently as by the RIA.

Asunto(s)

Antígenos de Superficie de la Hepatitis B/análisis , Contrainmunoelectroforesis , Estudios de Evaluación como Asunto , Pruebas de Inhibición de Hemaglutinación , Peroxidasa de Rábano Silvestre , Humanos , Técnicas para Inmunoenzimas , Pruebas de Neutralización , Pruebas de Precipitina , Radioinmunoensayo