RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: At present, there are many antiepileptic drugs with a wide range of side effects on the human body. It was assumed that Zataria multiflora Boiss (Z. multiflora) with sedative, anti-spasmodic and anti-inflammatory activity may be effective in the treatment of epilepsy. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the effect of Z. multiflora hydroalcoholic extract and its fraction extracts on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced chemical kindling. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this experimental study, eight separate groups of male albino mice were used. All groups received 11 separate intraperitoneal injections of PTZ (35 mg/kg) with two-day intervals. 30 min before the injection of PTZ, mice received vehicle, Z. multiflora hydroalcoholic extract (300 and 600 mg/kg), n-hexane, acetone, methanol fraction extracts (150 mg/kg), or diazepam (10 mg/kg). RESULTS: The kindled mice that were pretreated with vehicle showed a gradual increase in their seizure scores up to the end of the study. The hydroalcoholic extract of Z. multiflora (300 and 600 mg/kg) reduced seizure scores significantly. However, n-hexane, acetone and methanol extracts did not affect seizure scores significantly. CONCLUSION: The present findings demonstrate that the hydroalcoholic extract of Z. multiflora did reduce the severity of seizure attacks in PTZ-induced chemical kindling in mice.
RESUMEN
Internet addiction is defined as mismanagement of internet use that causes mental, social and occupational problems. Thus, the assessment of prevalence of this disorder can lead to preventive measures and appropriate treatment to prevent its spread. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, prevalence of internet addiction disorder was assessed in Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran in 2012. Stratified random sample was used to select 224 students. Demographic data were recorded and Internet Addiction test Test (IAT) questionnaire was administrated. Results: Out off 224 students participating in the study, 86 (38.4%) were males and 138 (61.6%) were female with a mean age of 21.05± 0.1 years. Most of the students (42.4%) were using the internet "under one hour" and the lowest (4%) "More than six hours". Mean test score of IAT was 24.81 ± 1.08 (mild addiction). In terms of internet addiction, 95 (42.4%) cases were normal users, 115 (51.3%) had mild addiction, 12 (5.4%) showed moderate addiction and 2 (0.9%) were cases of severe addiction which are lower compared to previous studies. Conclusion: The rate of internet addiction among students of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences in Iran is lower than the previous reports. It is still necessary to curb the spread of this problem due to its complications.