RESUMEN
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been widely investigated in Europe, Asia and North America regarding the occurrence and fate of antibiotic resistance (AR) elements, such as antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and antibiotic resistant bacteria and pathogens. However, monitoring data about AR elements in municipal WWTPs in Brazil are scarce. This study investigated the abundance of intI1, five ARGs (sul1, tetA, blaTEM, ermB and qnrB) and 16S rRNA in raw and treated wastewater of three WWTPs, using different sewage treatments named CAS (Conventional activated sludge), UASB/BTF (UASB followed by biological trickling filter) and MAS/UV (modified activated sludge with UV disinfection stage). Bacterial diversity and the presence of potentially pathogenic groups were also evaluated, and associations between genetic markers and the bacterial populations were presented. All WWTPs decreased the loads of genetic markers finally discharged to receiving water bodies and showed no evidence of being hotspots for antimicrobial resistance amplification in wastewater, since the abundances of intI1 and ARGs within the bacterial population were not increased in the treated effluents. UASB/BTF showed a similar performance to that of the CAS and MAS/UV, reinforcing the sanitary and environmental advantages of this biological treatment, widely applied for wastewater treatment in warm climate regions. Bacterial diversity and richness increased after treatments, and bacterial communities in wastewater samples differed due to catchment areas and treatment typologies. Potential pathogenic population underwent considerable decrease after the treatments; however, strong significant correlations with intI1 and ARGs revealed potential multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria (Aeromonas, Arcobacter, Enterobacter, Escherichia-Shigella, Stenotrophomonas and Streptococcus) in the treated effluents, although in reduced relative abundances. These are contributive results for understanding the fate of ARGs, MGEs and potential pathogenic bacteria after wastewater treatments, which might support actions to mitigate their release into Brazilian aquatic environments in the near future.
Asunto(s)
Microbiota , Purificación del Agua , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Bacterias/genética , Brasil , Farmacorresistencia Microbiana/genética , Genes Bacterianos , Marcadores Genéticos , Secuencias Repetitivas Esparcidas , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Aguas del Alcantarillado , Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos/métodos , Aguas Residuales/análisisRESUMEN
We investigate the magnetic nanoparticles hyperthermia in a non-adiabatic and radiating process through the calorimetric method. Specifically, we propose a theoretical approach to magnetic hyperthermia from a thermodynamic point of view. To test the robustness of the approach, we perform hyperthermia experiments and analyse the thermal behavior of magnetite and magnesium ferrite magnetic nanoparticles dispersed in water submitted to an alternating magnetic field. From our findings, besides estimating the specific loss power value from a non-adiabatic and radiating process, thus enhancing the accuracy in the determination of this quantity, we provide physical meaning to a parameter found in literature that still remained not fully understood, the effective thermal conductance, and bring to light how it can be obtained from experiment. In addition, we show our approach brings a correction to the estimated experimental results for specific loss power and effective thermal conductance, thus demonstrating the importance of the heat loss rate due to the thermal radiation in magnetic hyperthermia.
RESUMEN
Accumulated sludge in polishing (maturation) ponds reduces the hydraulic retention time (smaller useful volume), and this could potentially lead to a decrease in performance. However, settled biomass, present in the sediments, can contribute to nitrogen removal by different mechanisms such as nitrification and denitrification. This study investigated the influence of the bottom sludge present in a shallow maturation pond treating the effluent from an anaerobic reactor on the nitrification and denitrification processes. Nitrification and denitrification rates were determined in sediment cores by applying ammonia pulses. Environmental conditions in the medium were measured and bacteria detected and quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR). The pond showed daily cycles of mixing and stratification and most of the bacteria involved in nitrogen removal decreased in concentration from the upper to the lower part of the sludge layer. The results indicate that denitrifiers, nitrifiers and anammox bacteria coexisted in the sludge, and thus different metabolic pathways were involved in ammonium removal in the system. Therefore, the sediment contributed to nitrogen removal, even with a decrease in the hydraulic retention time in the pond due to the volume occupied by the sludge.
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Nitrógeno/análisis , Aguas del Alcantarillado/química , Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos/métodos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis , Reactores Biológicos , Brasil , Desnitrificación , EstanquesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Renal transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients with stage V chronic kidney disease, which does not have contraindications to the procedure and is more cost-effective than dialysis treatments and provides better survival and quality of life. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence of postoperative complications in kidney transplant recipients in a reference hospital. METHODOLOGY: This was a descriptive and retrospective study involving the analysis of patient records during hospitalization and outpatient treatment. We analyzed the demographics, clinical indicators, surgical techniques, and postoperative complications. RESULTS: In the analysis of 147 transplantations, there was a higher incidence of transplantation in female recipients, average age of 37 years with a predominance of cadaveric transplantation. Of all pretransplantation comorbidities, hypertension was the most frequent. The overall incidence of surgical complications was 29.9%, with an incidence of vascular complications of 12.7%, 13.4% of surgical site complications, 8.2% of urologic complications, and 3% of hemorrhagic complications. DISCUSSION: Vascular complications are serious complications and are associated with increased risk of graft loss (relative risk, 8.4), particularly arterial thrombosis. Patients with ureteral anastomosis using Lich-Gregoir technique showed lower urologic complications compared with patients with anastomosis by Leadbetter-Politano technique. CONCLUSION: Surgical complications have different clinical effects, depending on their category. The vascular complications are associated with graft lost.
Asunto(s)
Anastomosis Quirúrgica/métodos , Fallo Renal Crónico/cirugía , Trasplante de Riñón/métodos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Trombosis/epidemiología , Absceso/epidemiología , Adulto , Transfusión Sanguínea , Brasil/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Hernia Incisional/epidemiología , Linfocele/epidemiología , Masculino , Hemorragia Posoperatoria/epidemiología , Hemorragia Posoperatoria/terapia , Calidad de Vida , Diálisis Renal , Reoperación , Estudios Retrospectivos , Infección de la Herida Quirúrgica/epidemiología , Receptores de Trasplantes , Uréter/cirugía , Obstrucción Ureteral/epidemiología , Fístula Urinaria/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
The endocrine cells (ECs) of the gastrointestinal mucosa form the largest endocrine system in the body, not only in terms of cell numbers but also in terms of the different produced substances. Data describing the association between the relative distributions of the peptide-specific ECs in relation to feeding habits can be useful tools that enable the creation of a general expected pattern of EC distribution. We aimed to investigate the distribution of ECs immunoreactive for the peptides gastrin (GAS), cholecystokinin (CCK-8), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in different segments of the digestive tract of carnivorous fish dorado (Salminus brasiliensis) by using immunohistochemistry procedures. The distribution of endocrine cells immunoreactive for gastrin (GAS), cholecystokinin (CCK-8), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in digestive tract of dorado S. brasiliensis was examined by immunohistochemistry. The results describe the association between the distribution of the peptide-specific endocrine cells and feeding habits in different carnivorous fish. The largest number of endocrine cells immunoreactive for GAS, CCK-8, and CGRP were found in the pyloric stomach region and the pyloric caeca. However, NPY-immunoreactive endocrine cells were markedly restricted to the midgut. The distribution pattern of endocrine cells identified in S. brasiliensis is similar to that found in other carnivorous fishes.
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Péptido Relacionado con Gen de Calcitonina/metabolismo , Peces/metabolismo , Gastrinas/metabolismo , Tracto Gastrointestinal/metabolismo , Neuropéptido Y/metabolismo , Sincalida/metabolismo , Animales , Calcitonina/metabolismo , Inmunohistoquímica/métodos , Precursores de Proteínas/metabolismo , Serotonina/metabolismo , Somatostatina/metabolismo , Sustancia P/metabolismoRESUMEN
AIM: Aim of the study was analyzing the association between mode of delivery and neonatal mortality/ morbidity in term pregnancy. METHODS: Cohort study with births of liveborn normally formed fetuses from single term pregnancies in a public teaching hospital in São Paulo, Brazil, from January 2003 to March 2004 (total of 1471 births). Data were collected from medical records. We defined 'elective caesareans' as those performed before labor. Four analyses were made: caesarean vs. vaginal, elective vs. non elective caesarean, elective caesarean vs. trial of labor, elective caesarean vs. women in labor. Outcomes studied were: neonatal deaths, jaundice, low Apgar score at 5 minutes, prolonged mechanical ventilation, convulsions, meconium aspiration syndrome, obstetrical trauma and late discharge. Adjustments were made for possible confounders. The chi square test was used along with logistic regression for the analyses. A significance level of 5% was assumed. RESULTS: A significant negative association between elective caesareans and neonatal death was found, neonatal complications taken as a whole and neonatal complications plus deaths. For example, elective caesarean versus women in labor for the outcome any neonatal complication, adjusted odds ratio 0.59; confidence interval 0.31-0.89. CONCLUSION: The study highlights a significant negative association of elective caesarean and neonatal mortality and morbidity in term pregnancy.
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Parto Obstétrico/mortalidad , Mortalidad Infantil , Adulto , Puntaje de Apgar , Brasil , Cesárea/mortalidad , Estudios de Cohortes , Parto Obstétrico/métodos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Electivos/mortalidad , Femenino , Edad Gestacional , Hospitales Públicos , Hospitales de Enseñanza , Humanos , Hipertensión Inducida en el Embarazo/prevención & control , Recién Nacido , Embarazo , Resultado del Embarazo , Embarazo en Diabéticas/prevención & control , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Changes in ammonia-oxidizing bacterial (AOB) population dynamics were examined in a new sponge-based trickling filter (TF) post-upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor by denaturating gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), and these changes were linked to relevant components influencing nitrification (chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrogen (N)). The sponge-based packing media caused strong concentration gradients along the TF, providing an ecological selection of AOB within the system. The organic loading rate (OLR) affected the population dynamics, and under higher OLR or low ammonium-nitrogen (NH4(+)-N) concentrations some AOB bands disappeared, but maintaining the overall community function for NH4(+)-N removal. The dominant bands present in the upper portions of the TF were closely related to Nitrosomonas europaea and distantly affiliated to Nitrosomonas eutropha, and thus were adapted to higher NH4(+)-N and organic matter concentrations. In the lower portions of the TF, the dominant bands were related to Nitrosomonas oligotropha, commonly found in environments with low levels of NH4(+)-N. From a technology point of view, changes in AOB structure at OLR around 0.40-0.60 kgCOD m(-3) d(-1) did not affect TF performance for NH4(+)-N removal, but AOB diversity may have been correlated with the noticeable stability of the sponge-based TF for NH4(+)-N removal at low OLR. This study is relevant because molecular biology was used to observe important features of a bioreactor, considering realistic operational conditions applied to UASB/sponge-based TF systems.
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Amoníaco/metabolismo , Reactores Biológicos/microbiología , Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos/instrumentación , Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos/métodos , Amoníaco/química , Biomasa , Electroforesis en Gel de Gradiente Desnaturalizante , Nitrificación , Nitrosomonas/genética , Nitrosomonas/aislamiento & purificación , Nitrosomonas/metabolismo , Oxidación-Reducción , Filogenia , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Aguas del Alcantarillado/química , Aguas Residuales/químicaAsunto(s)
Neoplasias Óseas/patología , Neoplasias del Seno Maxilar/patología , Osteosarcoma/patología , Osteosarcoma/secundario , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patología , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/secundario , Adulto , Biopsia con Aguja Fina , Neoplasias Óseas/terapia , Endosonografía , Humanos , Metástasis Linfática , Masculino , Neoplasias del Seno Maxilar/terapia , Osteosarcoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/tratamiento farmacológico , Ultrasonografía IntervencionalRESUMEN
A sustainable option for nitrogen removal is the anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) process in which ammonium is oxidized to nitrogen gas with nitrite as electron acceptor. Application of this process, however, is limited by the availability of anammox biomass. In this study, two Brocadia-like anammox phylotypes were successfully enriched, detected and identified from an activated sludge taken from a domestic wastewater treatment plant (Minas Gerais, Brazil) employing a Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR). The dominant phylotype was closely related to 'Candidatus Brocadia sinica', but one clone seemed to represent a novel species for which we propose the name 'Candidatus Brocadia brasiliensis'. Based on Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis, this enrichment led to a relative population size of 52.7% (±15.6) anammox bacteria after 6 months of cultivation. The cultivation process can be divided into three phases: phase 1 (approximately 25 days) was characterized by heterotrophic denitrification metabolism, phase 2 was the propagation phase and phase 3 (from the 87th day onwards), in which significant anammox activity was detected. A long-term performance of the SBR showed a near perfect removal of nitrite based on the influent NO(2)(-)-N concentration of 61-95 mg L(-1). The average ammonia removal efficiency was 90% with the influent NH(4)(+)-N concentration of 55-82 mg L(-1). Therefore, anammox cultivation and enrichment from activated sludge was possible under a controlled environment within 3 months.
Asunto(s)
Amoníaco/metabolismo , Bacterias Anaerobias/metabolismo , Aguas del Alcantarillado/microbiología , Anaerobiosis , Biomasa , Reactores Biológicos , Hibridación Fluorescente in Situ , FilogeniaRESUMEN
The good composition and activity of biofilms are very important for successful operation and control of fixed-film biological reactors employed in liquid effluents treatment. During the last decade, microsensors have been applied to study microbial ecology. These sensors could provide information regarding the microbial activity concerning nitrification and denitrification that occur inside biofilms. Other techniques of molecular biology, such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), have also contributed to this matter because their application aids in the identification of the bacterial populations that compose the biofilms. The focus of this paper was to study the loading rate and surface velocity to promote the development of nitrifying biofilms in three distinct flow cells that were employed in the post treatment of a synthetic wastewater simulating the effluent from a UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) reactor. Using the FISH technique, it was found that the population of ammonia-oxidizing-bacteria was greater than that of nitrite-oxidizing-bacteria; this was also supported by the lower production of nitrate determined by physicochemical and microsensor analyses. It was verified that the loading rate and surface velocity that promoted the greatest nitrogen removal were 0.25 g N-amon m(-2)biofilm day(-1) and 1 m h(-1), respectively.
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Biopelículas , Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos/métodos , Bacterias/metabolismo , Reactores Biológicos , Hibridación Fluorescente in Situ , Nitrógeno/química , Nitrógeno/metabolismo , Oxidación-Reducción , OxígenoRESUMEN
This work applied PCR amplification method and Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) with primers and probes specific for the anammox organisms and aerobic ammonia-oxidising beta-Proteobacteria in order to detect these groups in different samples from a wastewater treatment system comprised by UASB reactor and three polishing (maturation) ponds in series. Seven primer pairs were used in order to detect Anammox bacteria. Positive results were obtained with three of them, suggesting that Anammox could be present in polishing pond sediments. However, Anammox bacteria were not detected by FISH, indicating that they were not present in sediment samples, or they could be present but below FISH detection limit. Aerobic ammonia- and nitrite-oxidising bacteria were verified in water column samples through Most Probable Number (MPN) analysis, but they were not detected in sediment samples by FISH. Ammonia removal efficiencies occurred systematically along the ponds (24, 32, and 34% for polishing pond 1, 2, and 3, respectively) but the major reaction responsible for this removal is still unclear. Some nitrification might have occurred in water samples because some nitrifying bacteria were present. Also Anammox reaction might have occurred because Anammox genes were detected in the sediments, but probably this reaction was too low to be noticed. It is important also to consider that some of the ammonia removal observed might be related to NH(3) stripping, associated with the pH increase resulting from the intensive photosynthetic activity in the ponds (mechanism under investigation). Therefore, it can be concluded that more than one mechanism (or reaction) might be involved in the ammonia removal in the polishing ponds investigated in this study.
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Bacterias/metabolismo , Compuestos de Amonio Cuaternario/metabolismo , Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos/métodos , Aerobiosis , Anaerobiosis , Bacterias/genética , Betaproteobacteria/genética , Betaproteobacteria/metabolismo , Reactores Biológicos , Cartilla de ADN , ADN Bacteriano/genética , ADN Bacteriano/aislamiento & purificación , Diseño de Equipo , Amplificación de Genes , Oxidación-Reducción , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Probabilidad , Compuestos de Amonio Cuaternario/aislamiento & purificación , Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos/instrumentaciónRESUMEN
Spinal extradural meningeal cysts are typically formed by a thin fibrotic membranous capsule, macroscopically similar that of an arachnoid membrane, filled by cerebro spinal fluid and related to a nerve root or to the posterior midline. Ventral location is extremely rare and when it occurs they usually cause spinal cord herniation through the ventral dural gap. A 61 year-old man who began with a two years long history of insidious tetraparesis, spasticity and hyperreflexia in lower extremities, and flaccid atrophy of upper limbs, without sensory manifestations, is presented. Investigation through magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated an extensive spinal ventral extradural cystic collection from C6 to T11. The lesion was approached through a laminectomy and a cyst-peritoneal shunt was introduced. The cyst reduced in size significantly and the patient is asymptomatic over a 48 months follow-up. This is the first reported case of a spontaneous ventral extradural spinal meningeal cyst causing cord compression. Cyst-peritoneal shunt was effective in the treatment of the case and it should be considered in cases in which complete resection of the cyst is made more difficult or risky by the need of more aggressive surgical maneuvers.
Cistos meníngeos extradurais espinhais são formados tipicamente por estreita cápsula membranosa fibrótica, macroscopicamente semelhante a uma membrana de aracnóide, repleta de líquor e relacionada com uma raiz nervosa ou com a linha média posterior. Eles são extremamente raros em posição anterior e, quando ocorrem, habitualmente causam herniação da medula espinhal pela falha dural ventral. O caso de um homem de 61 anos de idade que iniciou com tetraparesia, espasticidade e hiperreflexia em membros inferiores, e flacidez com hipotrofia nos membros superiores, sem manifestação sensitiva, é apresentado. A investigação com ressonância magnética demonstrou extensa coleção cística extradural ventral à medula de C6 a T11. A lesão foi abordada diretamente via laminectomia com introdução de derivação cisto-peritoneal, reduzindo o cisto e tornando o paciente assintomático com um seguimento de 48 meses. Este é o primeiro caso relatado de cisto meníngeo extradural ventral espontâneo causando compressão medular. A derivação cisto-peritoneal se mostrou eficaz no tratamento do caso e deve ser considerada em situações em que a ressecção completa do cisto esteja impossibilitada, ou dificultada pela necessidade de manobras cirúrgicas mais agressivas e arriscadas.
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Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Quistes Aracnoideos , Compresión de la Médula Espinal/cirugía , Enfermedades de la Médula Espinal/cirugía , Vértebras Torácicas/patología , Quistes Aracnoideos , Cavidad Peritoneal/patología , Compresión de la Médula Espinal/etiología , Compresión de la Médula Espinal/patología , Enfermedades de la Médula Espinal/complicaciones , Enfermedades de la Médula Espinal/patología , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Mielografía , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
We used in situ hybridization with fluorescently labeled rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes concurrently with microscopic examinations and methane measurements to characterize the microbial community of an anaerobic hybrid reactor treating pentachlorophenol (PCP) with a mixture of fatty acids (propionic, butyric, acetic and lactic) and methanol. Archaeal cells detected with probe ARC915 prevailed in anaerobic granular sludge without and with the addition of PCP in a range of 2.0 to 21.0 mg/L to the reactor. This group accounted for 81 and 90% of the DAPI-stained cells before and after the addition of 21 mg/L of PCP, respectively. In these conditions, cells detected with the Methanosarcinales specific probe (MSMX860) were the only methanogenic Archaea found and accounted for 59 to 87.6% of the DAPI-stained cells. No cells were detected by the Methanomicrobiales (MG1200), Methanobacteriaceae (MB1174) and Methanococcaceae (MC1109) specific probes. Bacterial cells detected with probe EUB338 were found in very low numbers, which ranged from 5.7 to 1.0% of the DAPI-stained cells. This finding agrees with the scanning electron microscope examinations, in which cells morphologically resembling Methanosaeta and Methanosarcina were predominantly observed in the granular sludge. Results contributed to the investigation of the importance of the methanogens during PCP degradation.
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Reactores Biológicos , Contaminantes Ambientales/metabolismo , Methanobacteriaceae/fisiología , Pentaclorofenol/metabolismo , Biomasa , ADN Bacteriano/análisis , Hibridación Fluorescente in Situ , Methanobacteriaceae/genética , Sondas de Oligonucleótidos , Dinámica Poblacional , ARN RibosómicoRESUMEN
In this study we investigated the development of anaerobic biofilms in differential reactors and suspension cultures in batch reactors under thermophilic (55 degrees C) conditions. FISH, SEM, chemical and chromatographic analysis were used. The differential reactors reached 99.6%, 92.3% and 6.7% of acetic acid, COD and sulfate removal efficiencies, respectively, after 166 h of incubation time. The batch reactor reached 95.6% and 31.8% of acetic acid and sulfate removal efficiencies after 675 h, respectively. FISH results showed that bacterial cells rather than archaeal cells dominated biofilms. These cells, detected with the Bacteria specific probe (EUB338), accounted for 61.1% (+/-3.6) of the DAPI-stained cells and resembled acetate-oxidizing rods and Desulfotomaculum morphologies. Archaeal cells, which hybridized to the Archaea specific probe (ARC915), were also detected in biofilm but they accounted for 36.7% (+/-2.9) of the DAPI-stained cells. These cells were similar to Methanosaeta-like and hydrogenotrophic methanogen rods. In the suspension culture, archaeal cells (58.0%+/-3.8) morphologically similar to Methanosarcina and hydrogenotrophic methanogen rods were predominant over bacterial cells (41.0%+/-4.5), which resembled acetate-oxidizing rods and Desulfotomaculum morphologies. The percentage of sulfate-reducing bacteria cells (SRB) ranged from 12.2% (+/-2.5) to 21.7% (+/-2.8) in the biofilms and from 13.3% (+/-3.6) to 21.7% (+/-4.3) of the DAPI stained cells in suspension culture.
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Archaea , Bacterias Anaerobias , Reactores Biológicos , Euryarchaeota , Biopelículas , Hibridación Fluorescente in Situ , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Dinámica Poblacional , TemperaturaRESUMEN
Meningiomas correspond to 1% - 4% of primary intracranial tumors in pediatric group, with their incidence raising according to age. There is not gender prevalence, in spite of some authors describe a male tendency opposed to female one in adulthood. At present study we describe two cases of pediatric meningiomas reviewing clinical, radiological and histological aspects of these lesions. The authors review also treatment options and prognosis of childhood meningiomas. A two-year-old boy was admitted with seizures. Computerized tomography showed a right parietal lesion, which was totally resected. Histological features were compatible with meningioma. After 17 months the child is doing well, with no deficits or seizures. The second case is a 12-year-old girl, with a headache complain. During investigation, a CT revealed a right frontal lesion. She was operated under a right frontal craniotomy with total tumor resection. Nowadays she is asymptomatic, 20 months after surgery. Despite meningiomas in pediatric group are uncommon; they should be included in differential diagnosis list of expansive intracranial lesions of childhood.
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Neoplasias Meníngeas/diagnóstico , Meningioma/diagnóstico , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias Meníngeas/cirugía , Meningioma/cirugíaRESUMEN
Central neurocytoma was first described by Hassoun et al. in 1982 as a well-differentiated tumor from neuronal origin. This tumor typically occurs in young adults, localized in the ventricular system. It usually presents as intracranial hypertension due to obstructive hydrocephalus. The differential diagnosis should be done with others intraventricular tumors as oligodendroglioma, subependymoma and choroidal plexus papilloma. There are few cases of central neurocytoma presented by intraventricular hemorrhage in the literature. We report a case of 35 year-old woman, who presented with obstructive hydrocephalus due to intraventricular hemorrhage within the tumor. MRI revealed a tumor localized in the right lateral ventricle. Histopathological and immunohystochemical analysis confirmed the diagnosis of central neurocytoma. We review options for the treatment of this entity as well reinforce the inclusion of central neurocytoma as a differential diagnosis for intraventricular hemorrhage.
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Hemorragia Cerebral/etiología , Neoplasias del Ventrículo Cerebral/complicaciones , Ventrículos Cerebrales , Neurocitoma/complicaciones , Adulto , Neoplasias del Ventrículo Cerebral/cirugía , Femenino , Humanos , Hidrocefalia/etiología , Hidrocefalia/cirugía , Neurocitoma/cirugíaRESUMEN
Gangliogliomas are rare tumors of the CNS, representing only 2.7-3.8% of primary tumors of the CNS, and the intramedullary location accounts 7.6-14.3% of cases. The main goal of treatment is the total resection, preserving as much as possible the patients neurological function. Adjuvant therapy as radiotherapy is reserved to cases of progression of disease after surgery or in such lesion with more aggressive biological behavior. In this article we report the case of a patient with a intramedullary ganglioglioma involving spinal levels T5 to T10, who was operated in our service, and we review the literature analyzing various aspects, including the modalities of treatment which can be used in this kind of lesion.