RESUMEN
An experimental model of alcohol-induced liver cirrhosis in white outbred rats was developed: intragastric administration of 40% ethanol (3 g/kg) every other day for 3 weeks and simultaneous intraperitoneal administration of 1% of N-nitrozodimethylamine (5 mg/kg) for 4 consecutive days of each week.
Asunto(s)
Dimetilnitrosamina/toxicidad , Etanol/toxicidad , Cirrosis Hepática Alcohólica/sangre , Cirrosis Hepática Experimental/sangre , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Alanina Transaminasa/sangre , Fosfatasa Alcalina/sangre , Animales , Animales no Consanguíneos , Aspartato Aminotransferasas/sangre , Bilirrubina/sangre , Calcio/sangre , Creatinina/sangre , Hígado/metabolismo , Hígado/patología , Cirrosis Hepática Alcohólica/etiología , Cirrosis Hepática Alcohólica/patología , Cirrosis Hepática Experimental/inducido químicamente , Cirrosis Hepática Experimental/patología , Pruebas de Función Hepática , Masculino , Potasio/sangre , Ratas , Albúmina Sérica/metabolismo , Sodio/sangre , gamma-Glutamiltransferasa/sangreRESUMEN
The effectiveness of the peptide immunomodulator molixan as a means of support and correction of chemoradiation therapy of oral mucositis have been studied in 36 patients with primary regional cancer of the oral mucosa and the oropharynx. Combined chemotherapy of patients with cisplatin and standard radiotherapy was associated with progression of oral mucositis and hematopoietic disorders which manifested themselves in the form of neutro-, lympho- and thrombocytopenia. Therapeutic intramuscular application of molixan at a dose of 60 mg once a day after a fraction of irradiation made it possible to reduce the severity of oral mucositis (from grade III-IV to grade I-II), as well as to maintain in patients a higher level of white blood cells and platelets in the blood, which made it possible to complete the planned course of chemoradiation therapy.
Asunto(s)
Factores Inmunológicos/uso terapéutico , Oligopéptidos/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/radioterapia , Estomatitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Antineoplásicos/efectos adversos , Plaquetas/efectos de los fármacos , Cisplatino/efectos adversos , Terapia Combinada , Femenino , Humanos , Leucocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mucosa Bucal/efectos de los fármacos , Mucosa Bucal/patología , Mucosa Bucal/efectos de la radiación , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/patología , Traumatismos por Radiación/tratamiento farmacológico , Traumatismos por Radiación/etiología , Traumatismos por Radiación/patología , Estomatitis/etiología , Estomatitis/patologíaRESUMEN
Experimental studies on white outbred male mice subjected to gamma-irradiation at doses LD(80/30) have found that the therapeutic use of Litan contributes to the increase (by 40-50%) in the survival rate of the animals. Introduction to irradiated animals of Litan increases the intensity of the inclusion of 3H-thymidine in the DNA of the bone marrow cells and is associated with a growing number of splenic endogenous colonies, which can testify to the stimulating influence of the drug on the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic cells, as well as on the deficit restoration of full-fledged mature cell forms in the peripheral blood.
Asunto(s)
Disulfuro de Glutatión/administración & dosificación , Litio/administración & dosificación , Protectores contra Radiación/administración & dosificación , Animales , Células de la Médula Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Células de la Médula Ósea/efectos de la radiación , Diferenciación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Diferenciación Celular/efectos de la radiación , Rayos gamma , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Tasa de Supervivencia , Irradiación Corporal TotalAsunto(s)
Señalización del Calcio/efectos de los fármacos , Disulfuro de Glutatión/farmacología , Macrófagos Peritoneales/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos Peritoneales/metabolismo , Adenosina Trifosfato/farmacología , Animales , ATPasas Transportadoras de Calcio/antagonistas & inhibidores , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Técnicas In Vitro , Oligopéptidos/farmacología , Ratas , Tapsigargina/farmacologíaRESUMEN
The authors present results of studying the effectiveness of a new class of medicines--preparations of the group "Glutoxim" (Molixan, Redoxell, Bikvolit, Liglutin) obtained on the model of experimental cirrhosis of the liver in 76 white rats caused by dimethylnitrosamin, and describe their first experience with using thiopoietins in 24 patients with cirrhosis of the liver in a surgical clinic. It was found that three weeks of treatment with Molixan and Bikvolit gave a significant hepatoprotecting effect (less amount of the connective tissue, reduction of the dystrophic processes in hepatocytes). A positive effect of Redoxell was shown in longer time of treatment. When used in clinic therapy with thiopoietins was followed by correction of the T-cell link of immunity in most patients. One of the most important results of treatment with medicines of the group of thiopoietins was a substantial improvement of the quality of life of the patients.
Asunto(s)
Cirrosis Hepática/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto , Animales , Factores Estimulantes de Colonias/administración & dosificación , Factores Estimulantes de Colonias/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Humanos , Cirrosis Hepática/fisiopatología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Calidad de Vida , Ratas , Linfocitos T/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Some results of a complex medical study of Chernobyl disaster liquidators and its contaminated catchment areas population. The immunity status of 279 women had been analyzed as compared to that of control groups of 92 women, living in similar conditions. It was found out, that long after the disaster factors' disappearance, in the women's immunity system a derangement has been noticed in the form of T-lymphocyte increased content and a suppressed functional activity of immune-competent cells, which should be born in mind at the regular medical check-ups. Long-time and low-intensive radiation usually resulted in cell and humoral immunity disorders. That in combination with chemical factors lead to a secondary immunodeficiency state development with a following pharmacological correction necessity (by cytokines).
Asunto(s)
Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/efectos adversos , Inmunidad/efectos de los fármacos , Inmunidad/efectos de la radiación , Exposición Profesional/efectos adversos , Acrilonitrilo/efectos adversos , Adulto , Carcinógenos/efectos adversos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta en la Radiación , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Rayos gamma/efectos adversos , Humanos , Exposición Profesional/estadística & datos numéricos , Fagocitosis/efectos de los fármacos , Fagocitosis/efectos de la radiación , Centrales Eléctricas , Liberación de Radiactividad Peligrosa , Factores de Tiempo , UcraniaRESUMEN
In result of own researches and analysis of the literature? the information about high sensitivity of neutrophils of peripheric blood to infringements of constancy of internal state of body, arising as reply to radiating influence, are received. Ionized radiation modulates greatly properties and functions of neutrophilic granulocytes, which are the most sensitive and high-modulated cells of non-specific resistance system. The changes of the functional-metabolic status of neutrophils in participants of liquidation of consequences of Chernobyl disaster have been saving during 10 years after influence of the extreme, including radiating, factors of failure.
Asunto(s)
Neutrófilos/efectos de la radiación , Exposición Profesional , Centrales Eléctricas , Liberación de Radiactividad Peligrosa , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Humanos , Masculino , UcraniaRESUMEN
Experimentally, with the use of mathematical modeling, a radioprotective effect and optimum usage of alpha-adrenomimetic Gutron was shown on CBA male-mice exposed to radiation. Injections of 1 to 5 mg/kg Gutron to the mice 10 to 40 min and 1 to 4 h before the irradiation with the doses of 6 to 7.5 Gy ensured the survival rates of the exposed animals with the protection coefficient s of 0.6 to 0.7 and 0.4, respectively.
Asunto(s)
Agonistas alfa-Adrenérgicos/uso terapéutico , Midodrina/uso terapéutico , Traumatismos Experimentales por Radiación/prevención & control , Protectores contra Radiación/uso terapéutico , Animales , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Relación Dosis-Respuesta en la Radiación , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos CBA , Traumatismos Experimentales por Radiación/mortalidad , Proyectos de Investigación , Factores de TiempoAsunto(s)
Liberación de Radiactividad Peligrosa/psicología , Estrés Psicológico/etiología , Relación Dosis-Respuesta en la Radiación , Humanos , Neurastenia/diagnóstico , Neurastenia/etiología , Neurastenia/psicología , Centrales Eléctricas , Traumatismos por Radiación/prevención & control , Traumatismos por Radiación/psicología , Protectores contra Radiación/uso terapéutico , Estrés Psicológico/diagnóstico , Estrés Psicológico/psicología , UcraniaRESUMEN
The content of DNA in blood plasma increased in early stages after irradiation (2 and 5 h), the low-molecular DNA (160-180 bp) being revealed as opposed to intact animals. Protection of gamma-irradiated rats by cystamine or gammaphos enhanced this phenomenon. The injections of cystamine and gammaphos to nonirradiated animals stimulated DNA ejection into blood stream in 2 h only with normalization by 5 h. Cystamine was the most effective, and in experiment with non-irradiated animals the low-molecular DNA was detected for cystamine only.
Asunto(s)
ADN/efectos de los fármacos , ADN/efectos de la radiación , Traumatismos Experimentales por Radiación/sangre , Traumatismos Experimentales por Radiación/tratamiento farmacológico , Protectores contra Radiación/uso terapéutico , Amifostina/uso terapéutico , Animales , Cistamina/uso terapéutico , ADN/sangre , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Electroforesis en Gel de Agar , Masculino , Peso Molecular , Ratas , Espectrometría de Fluorescencia , Factores de Tiempo , Irradiación Corporal TotalRESUMEN
Content of breaks in single-strand DNA, activity of superoxide dismutase and concentration of malonic dialdehyde were studied in blood lymphocytes of irradiation-impaired rats after treatment with cystamine. Cystamine decreased the effects of irradiation as showed all the patterns studied. The protective action exhibited by the drug in radiation shielding of DNA involved both direct and indirect effects.
Asunto(s)
Cistamina/farmacología , Daño del ADN , Reparación del ADN , ADN de Cadena Simple/efectos de la radiación , Animales , Linfocitos/enzimología , Linfocitos/metabolismo , Linfocitos/efectos de la radiación , Masculino , Malondialdehído/metabolismo , Traumatismos Experimentales por Radiación/sangre , Traumatismos Experimentales por Radiación/genética , Ratas , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
In experiments with dogs (fractionated y-irradiation, accumulated dose 1Gy) as well as in clinical testing of the group of men, recieved 0,25 Gy being engaged in the Chernobyl NPS disaster repairment, the positive influence of riboxin (purine nucleoside) course treatment on parameters of peripheral blood and non-specific resistance system has bee n shown.
Asunto(s)
Inosina/uso terapéutico , Traumatismos Experimentales por Radiación/prevención & control , Protectores contra Radiación/uso terapéutico , Animales , Radioisótopos de Cesio , Perros , Humanos , Inosina/farmacología , Leucocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Leucocitos/efectos de la radiación , Masculino , Neutrófilos/efectos de los fármacos , Neutrófilos/efectos de la radiación , Dosis de Radiación , Traumatismos Experimentales por Radiación/sangre , Traumatismos Experimentales por Radiación/etiología , Protectores contra Radiación/farmacologíaRESUMEN
In experiments with mice subjected to long-term irradiation with a non-lethal dose of 4 Gy, (0.017 Gy/min), it has been shown that the number of chromosome aberrations in myelocaryocytes is reduced, the cell precursors pool in the bone marrow and the germinative epithelium are unchanged, the number of lipid radiotoxins decreases, and cell membranes are stabilized after a single dose of a purine nucleoside, riboxine (150 mg/kg, 12 h prior to irradiation).
Asunto(s)
Médula Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Inosina/farmacología , Leucocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Neutrófilos/efectos de los fármacos , Dosis de Radiación , Tolerancia a Radiación/efectos de los fármacos , Protectores contra Radiación/farmacología , Animales , Médula Ósea/efectos de la radiación , Aberraciones Cromosómicas , Rayos gamma , Leucocitos/efectos de la radiación , Ratones , Neutrófilos/efectos de la radiación , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
It has been shown that the content of cAMP in the rat thymus, spleen, and liver 1 and 3 days after gamma-radiation with 7.5 Gy decreases, and that of cGMP increases. Analogous dynamics has been revealed when studying adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase activities. The activity of cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterases increased during the first period of study but subsequently it showed no distinction from the initial data level. The revealed postradiation changes in the content of cyclic nucleotides seem to be basically caused by the cyclases activity alterations.